Antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted organic solvent extracts of fruits,flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis L.from Jaffna

Objective:To reveal the antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted different cold organic solvent extracts of fruits,flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis(L against)some pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Powders of fruits,flowers and leaves of L inermis were continuously extracted with dichloromethane(DCM),ethyl acetate and ethanol at ambient temperature.The dried extracts were prepared into different concentrations and tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method,and also the extracts were tested to detennine the available phytochemicals.Results:Except DCM extract of flower all other test extracts revealed inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria and their inhibitory effect differed significantly(P<0.05).The highest inhibitory effect was showed by ethyl acetate extract of flower against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),and ethyl acetate extract of fruit on Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Bacillus subtilis(6.subtilis).The ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of flower,fruit and leaf expressed inhibition even at 1 mg/100μl against all test bacteria.Among the tested phytochemicals flavonoids were detected in all test extracts except DCM extract of flower.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of fruit and flower of L inermis are potentially better source of antibacterial agents compared to leaf extracts of respective solvents.

Free radical scavenging and reducing power of Lawsonia inermis L.seeds

Objective:To determine the antioxidant activity,total phenolic and flavonoid content of Petroleum ether extract（PE）,Dichloromethane extract（DCM）,Ethanol extract（ET） and aqueous extract（AQ） of henna seeds.Methods:Total antioxidant assay（phosphomolybenum method）, DPPH radical scavenging assay,reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were used to ascertain the potential of seeds as an antioxidant.Results:In all the assays carried out ET showed a greater potential to scavenge DPPH radical,reduce MO（Ⅳ） to MO（Ⅴ） complex and Fe（Ⅲ） to Fe（Ⅱ） and to inhibit lipid peroxidation.The IC50 of ET was far greater than that of the standard,ascorbic acid（AS） in the lipid peroxidation assay.The activity of AQ was lesser when compared with that of ET but greater than PE and DCM.The amount of phenolics and flavonoids were present in higher amounts in ET followed by AQ.Trace amounts of phenolics were detected in PE and DCM,but the amount of flavonoids were below the detection level.The study showed that the antioxidant activity and the concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids are proportionate to each other.Conclusions:Ethanolic extract of henna seeds are efficient antioxidants,which can be utilized for further isolation of active compounds and pharmaceutical applications.

Antiplasmodial mechanism of Lawsonia inermis: An in silico based investigation

Background:Lawsonia inermis has been widely reported to be used as an herbal treatment for Malaria.However,despite several experimental studies about its antimalarial activities,the approach through which the herbal plant suppresses plasmodium infection is yet to be found.Consequently,this study uses computational approaches to understand the biological targets and pathways involved in the antiplasmodial activities of Lawsonia inermis compounds.Methods:The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique identified the phytocompounds present in the herbal plant.GeneCards,OMIM,and NCBI databases were explored to collate target proteins for further network pharmacology analysis.The phytocompounds were subjected to Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion and Toxicity(ADMET)and druglikeness analysis.The STRING algorithm and Cytoscape were employed to develop and analyze the relationships among target proteins and compounds/targets/pathways network of the putative targets of the phytocompounds.Further computational analysis was carried out to identify potential drug leads.Results:Based on the Network Pharmacology studies,phytocompounds in Lawsonia inermis exhibit antiplasmodial activity by interacting with therapeutic genes that play essential roles in metabolism and signaling pathways.Notable among the genes are MMP9,MAPK1,HMOX1 and IDO1.Meanwhile,the most influenced pathways include the metabolic pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and HIF-1 signaling pathway.ADMET analysis,molecular docking analysis,and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that 3-phenyl-2-Isoxazoline and 2-Dimethylamino-3’-methoxyacetophenone are recommendable drug leads for Malaria treatment as they form stable and favorable complexes with Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)target.Conclusion:The 3-phenyl-2-Isoxazoline and 2-Dimethylamino-3’-methoxyacetophenone phytocompounds from Lawsonia inermis herbal plant are predicted as antimalarial drug candidates and recommended for further wet-lab studies.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts from Burkina Faso

Lawsonia inermis is a hairless plant growing in various regions of North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It possesses many medicinal attributes, including curative properties against infectious dermatoses. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the crude ethanolic extract of the plant leaves and its fractions as well as their antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical profile was performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric and the aluminum trichloride methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes was revealed. GC-MS detected twelve compounds main compounds consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic and terpenoid compounds among twenty-seven components. HPLC also detected high contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The most abundant triterpene and sterols were ursolic acid (around 43.14 g/100g DW, 13.9 g/100g dry weight (DW), and 0.68 g/100g DW) in the crude ethanolic extract of leaves (FeLi), hexane fraction (FHLi) and dichloromethane fraction (FDLi), respectively and, β-sitosterol in FeLi (56.7 mg/100g DW), FHLi (10.55 g/100g DW), FDLi (106.1 mg/100g DW) and butanol fraction (FBLi) (357.4 mg/100g DW). Among the flavonoids, rutin = 3.24 g/100g and quercetin = 0.63 g/100g in the ethanolic extract, rutin = 15.73 g/100g in the dichloromethane fraction, and rutin = 0.23 g/100g) in the aqueous fraction;and among phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (37.65 g/100g DW) and vanillic acid (22.70 g/100g DW) were the most important in the ethyl acetate fraction (FAeLi). All organic fractions exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested strains, with the best activity recorded with the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The leaf extracts’ phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity support the use of Lawsonia inermis against infectious skin diseases.

Antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn(Henna) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial activity of henna(Lawsonia inermis Linn) obtained from different regions of Oman against a wide array of micro-organisms.Methods:fresh henna samples were obtained from different regions of Oman as leaves and seeds,100 g fresh and dry leaves and SO g of fresh and dry seeds were separately soaked in 500 mL of ethanol for three days,respectively,with frequent agitation.The mixture was filtered,and the crude extract was collected.The crude extract was then heated,at 48 ℃ in a water bath to evaporate its liquid content.The dry crude henna extract was then tested for its antibacterial activity using well-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility technique.Henna extracts were investigated for their antibacterial activity at different concentrations against a wide array of different micro-organisms including a laboratory standard bacterial strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(NCTC 10662)(A aeruginosa) and eleven fresh clinical isolates of P.aeruginosa obtained from patients attending the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).2-Hydroxy-p-Nathoqinone-Tech(2-HPNT, MW=174.16,C_(10)H_40_3) was included as control(at 50%concentration) along with the henna samples tested.Results:Henna samples demonstrated antibacterial activity against all isolates but the highest susceptibility was against P.aeruginosa with henna samples obtained from Al-sharqyia region.Conclusions:Omani henna from Al-sharqyia region demonstrates high in vitro anti-P. aeruginosa activity compared with many henna samples from different regions of Oman.

Larvicidal Properties of Botanical Extracts of <i>Lawsonia inermis</i>against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>

The aim of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of Lawsonia inermis against Anopheles stephensi as the main malaria vector in Iran. This study was carried out from February to July 2011. Larvicidal activity of >L. inermis was studied in the range of 4 - 4000 PPM in the laboratory against early and late stages of larvae of An. stephensi. The larvae were reared in the?insectarium. The LC50 and LC90 values of the larval stages of An. stephensi were calculated by probit analysis and regression line draw using Microsoft office excel 2003 software. The highest toxic effect of L. inermis was found at 4000 PPM and the lowest at 4 PPM against larval stages I and II. The same result was found against larval stages III and IV. The LC50 and LC90 was found as 413.8 and 3366.3 respectively against larval stages I and II while against late stages found as 696.9 and 3927.7 respectively. This study suggests that L. inermis extract can be used as an alternative larvicidal compound during the IPM programs for the An. stephensi control. It is recommended to investigate the competency of other similar plants to malaria control.

In Vitro Activity of Lawsonia inermis （Henna） on Some Pathogenic Fungi

The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration （cold method）. The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration （MMC） of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles

In the present study, mehendi extract (Lawsonia inermis) was used for phytosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using 0.1 M Zn(NO3)2 as precursor under alkaline condition using NaOH with vigorous stirring for 2 h. ZnO NPs obtained were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM that showed change in shape and size. Hexagonal particles were formed due to plant extract relative to the rod shaped particles in absence of plant extract. Further the antibacterial property of ZnO NP synthesized by green method was more effective than those synthesized in absence of plant extract. The antibacterial activity study of both the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles reveals that the nanoparticles synthesized using mehendi extract are more effective than the particle synthesized without mehendi extract. Thus, the use of leaf extract as capping agent would improve the antibacterial property of ZnO nanoparticle. However, bacteriocidal effect of these nanoparticles varies with respect to the organism tested.

散沫花、凤仙花的化学成分及其在化妆品中的应用现状

散沫花和凤仙花均俗称为指甲花,两者均有染色作用,但两者原植物科属不同,化学成分和药理作用也大不一致。现就两者的研究现状,包括本草考证、化学成分、药理作用及在化妆品中的应用及其安全性进行概述。

指甲花的研究进展

天然植物指甲花是一种天然染料,也是一种药用植物。就国内外对指甲花的研究状况,包括化学成分、生理活性及应用等方面进行了概述。指甲花含香豆素类、醌类、黄酮类等多种化学成分,具有较强的生理活性。指甲花作为一种天然染料,由于其天然无毒的性质,可作为染发剂的原料,织物的染料,纹身的染料及用于蛋白质检测;指甲花的药用价值也很高,可用于治疗头痛、黄疸病和麻风病等;指甲花还可用于钢铁和铝的防腐。

无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿在(1:1)混播中的竞争与共存

【目的】在豆科与禾本科牧草混播草地中不仅存在种内竞争也存在种间竞争,由于不同植物之间竞争力强弱不同,竞争的结果将出现一方逐渐消退,另一方逐渐占据优势的现象,因此研究豆科与禾本科牧草之间竞争与共存机制对于维持混播草地稳定高产具有重要意义。【方法】在温室栽培条件下设置3个氮肥水平(0,75,150kg N·hm-2,记作N0,N75,N150)以及单播和混播两种种植模式(无芒雀麦单播,紫花苜蓿单播,无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿1﹕1混播),采用相对生物量(RY)、相对密度(RD)、竞争率(CR)和相对产量总值(RYT)以及紫花苜蓿的固氮比例(%Ndfa)和转氮比例(%N Trans)等指标研究无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿在1﹕1混播中的竞争关系与共存机制。【结果】施氮量从0增加到150 kg N·hm-2,单播中无芒雀麦的地上和地下生物量和分蘖数显著增加(P<0.05),而紫花苜蓿的地上和地下生物量和分枝数无显著变化(P>0.05)。在混播中无芒雀麦的地上和地下生物量和分蘖数也显著增加(P<0.05),在一定程度上抑制了紫花苜蓿的生物量和分枝数。另外,在混播中无芒雀麦以增加分蘖数的方式来扩张地上空间的能力要强于紫花苜蓿。无芒雀麦的单株生物量和分蘖数在混播模式下都极显著高于单播(P<0.01),而紫花苜蓿的单株生物量和分枝数在混播模式下极显著低于单播(P<0.01)。在混播中无芒雀麦的竞争率始终大于1.0,而紫花苜蓿的竞争率始终小于1.0,这说明无芒雀麦的竞争力要大于紫花苜蓿的竞争力,且在整个生育期中,无芒雀麦的竞争力逐渐减弱,而紫花苜蓿的竞争力逐渐增强。在N0处理下,第2次、第3次和第4次取样时,无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的相对产量总值(RYT)显著大于1.0(P<0.05),说明无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿无明显的竞争效应,这主要归功于紫花苜蓿的生物固氮对无芒雀麦的贡献(地上部转移的氮素占无芒雀麦氮素含量的15.26%—29.92%)。在N75和N150处理下,其RYT值与1.0无显著差异(P>0.05)。另外,施入氮肥明显抑制了紫花苜蓿的生物固氮比例和对无芒雀麦的氮素转移的比例,导致混播中无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿同时竞争土壤氮素和肥料氮。【结论】施入75和150 kg N·hm-2的氮肥增强了无芒雀麦的竞争力,而抑制了紫花苜蓿的生物固氮和对无芒雀麦氮素的转移,二者促进作用减弱,竞争效应增强。

紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦不同混播比例对青贮品质的影响

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)粗蛋白质含量高而含糖量较低,按常规方法单独青贮不易成功,与禾本科(Gramineae)牧草混播混贮,则可提高含糖量从而改善青贮效果。试验采用紫花苜蓿单播播种量(15kg·hm-2)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)单播播种量(30kg·hm-2)的各60%,80%和100%组成9个混播处理,以单播为对照,探讨不同混播组合对青贮营养品质和发酵品质的影响。结果表明:与单播紫花苜蓿相比,混播可提高可溶性糖和乳酸含量,降低NH3-N/TN含量,且随无芒雀麦混播比例的增加,变化趋势更加明显。其中100%无芒雀麦单播播量(30kg·hm-2)+60%紫花苜蓿单播播量(9kg·hm-2)的混播组合,可溶性糖含量达1.23%,乳酸含量达3.82%,分别比单播紫花苜蓿提高了192.86%和178.83%,NH3-N/TN含量为4.94%,比单播紫花苜蓿降低了30.62%,感官评定得分最高达19分,在各混播组合中,综合评价最高。

紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液对2种禾本科牧草的化感效应

【目的】探讨不同质量浓度(以苜蓿粉计)紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液对无芒雀麦和多年生黑麦草种子萌发以及早期幼苗生长的影响。【方法】制备0.05,0.08和0.10g/mL紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液,采用培养皿滤纸发芽法,以蒸馏水为对照,研究其对无芒雀麦和多年生黑麦草种子发芽率、幼苗高度和根长的影响。【结果】不同质量浓度的紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液对多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦种子的萌发、幼苗高度及根长均有抑制作用,并且随着紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液质量浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。当紫花苜蓿茎叶水浸提液的质量浓度为0.05,0.08和0.10g/mL时,其对无芒雀麦和多年生黑麦草种子发芽率、幼苗高度和根长抑制率的平均值分别为20.39%,28.42%,37.00%和35.43%,46.77%,63.99%。【结论】无芒雀麦对紫花苜蓿化感抑制作用的适应性和抵抗能力比多年生黑麦草强,更适合与紫花苜蓿混播。

无芒雀麦种子产量因子与产量的相关和通径分析

采用多因素正交试验设计 ,通过大样本相关、通径和逐步回归分析后表明 ,无芒雀麦 5个种子产量因子对种子产量的直接贡献大小排序为 :生殖枝数 /m2 >种子粒数 /小穗 >小花数 /小穗 >单粒种子重 >小穗数 /生殖枝 ;提高小花数 /小穗和种子粒数 /小穗可最有效提高无芒雀麦的种子产量 ,其次是提高生殖枝数 /m2 。

改性指甲花叶对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以改性指甲花叶对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率作为评价值标,采用紫外-可见分光光度法,利用单因素实验和正交试验考察吸附时间、吸附温度、pH和吸附剂用量等吸附条件对改性指甲花叶吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子效率的影响。实验结果表明,改性指甲花叶对Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳吸附条件为:吸附时间40min,吸附温度50℃,吸附pH=3.0,吸附剂用量0.4000g,在此条件下吸附率高达99.22%。

维吾尔药指甲花和凤仙花的定性鉴别研究

目的建立维吾尔药指甲花和凤仙花药材的鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法及高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱法,观察其主要特征化合物的差别。结果所建立的TLC法可初步鉴别指甲花和凤仙花;HPLC法测定结果表明,指甲花和凤仙花的化学成分存在一定的相似性,但又各有其特异性。结论 TLC法快速,HPLC法准确,为维吾尔药指甲花的质量控制提供了鉴别依据。

散沫花叶总黄酮、多酚含量测定及体外抗氧化活性研究

用55%乙醇回流提取散沫花叶中的活性物质,采用比色法测定提取物中的总黄酮及多酚含量,测定了其对DPPH、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力和还原力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,散沫花叶提取物中的总黄酮(以芦丁计)、多酚(以没食子酸计)含量分别为39.42 mg/g、116.20 mg/g,提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与提取物浓度存在量效关系,本研究为散沫花叶作为低毒高效的天然抗氧化剂应用提供了依据。

东祁连山人工草地联合固氮菌的分离、筛选与计数

采用NFM基法对青藏高原东祁连山地区燕麦、青稞和无芒雀麦人工草地根际的联合固氮菌菌株进行分离和计数,结果从燕麦分离出56个分离物、青稞分离出62个分离物和无芒雀麦分离出48个分离物,发现根表的数量最多分别占总数量的91.31%、90.19%、82.71%,根表土和根际土的数量都比较少,根表土分别占总数量的6.80%、7.41%、11.48%,根际土分别占总数量的1.89%、2.40%、5.81%,根表含菌数>根表土>根际土,固氮菌变化规律相似,燕麦、青稞的数量明显多于无芒雀麦。

凤仙花、散沫花及海娜花对小鼠雄激素性脱发的治疗作用及其机制

目的通过皮下多点注射丙酸睾酮溶液制备C57BL/6小鼠雄激素性脱发模型,探讨不同药物对小鼠雄激素性脱发的治疗效果及作用机制。方法将48只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为药物组(T)、模型组(M)和空白组(K),药物组中又分为凤仙花组(T1)、散沫花组(T2)、海娜花组(T3)、米诺地尔酊组(T4),每组各8只,行背部局部脱毛处理后,除空白组外其余小鼠均皮下注射丙酸睾酮溶液5 mg/kg·d以构建雄激素性脱发模型,同时T1、T2、T3组分别用凤仙花粉、散沫花粉和海娜花粉于脱发部位外敷封包,1次/d,每次0.5 h;T4组外用5%米诺地尔酊,2次/d;模型组及空白组均予外用生理盐水。35 d后对小鼠背部进行拍照,并分别检测小鼠血清睾酮、双氢睾酮及脱毛处皮片睾酮、双氢睾酮、Ⅱ型5α还原酶的含量,同时取背部脱毛区全层皮肤制作石蜡切片,计算终毛/毳毛比。通过SPSS 20.0对实验数据进行统计学分析。结果药物组各组均能诱导C57BL/6小鼠毛发生长。治疗35 d后各药物组小鼠背部脱毛区均可见新发生长,其中T3组背部毛发密度最高,且可见部分皮肤变为灰色,T2组小鼠背部毛发密度最低;药物组实验部位皮肤组织HE染色切片在100倍显微镜视野下计数的总毛囊数量(22.75±4.301、31.38±13.212、33.00±13.825、31.12±8.357)及终毛毛囊数量(13.25±2.605、18.88±9.463、21.25±8.379、21.62±5.805)均高于模型组(9.12±6.854、3.62±2.504),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T1及T3组小鼠皮片中睾酮(0.81±0.12、0.85±0.19)、双氢睾酮(1.41±0.23、1.29±0.39)含量均明显低于模型组(4.75±0.41、6.48±0.57),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各药物组血清中睾酮、双氢睾酮含量及皮片中Ⅱ型5α还原酶含量与模型组间均无显著性差异。结论凤仙花、散沫花和海娜花对C57BL/6小鼠雄激素性脱发模型有治疗作用,其中凤仙花和海娜花可能通过降低局部皮肤中的雄激素含量来治疗雄激素性脱发。

紫薇属与散沫花属远缘杂交亲和性的研究

以紫薇属的紫薇（Lagerstroemia indica）品种‘Bicolor’、‘XTSC3’和尾叶紫薇（L.caudata）分别与散沫花属的散沫花（Lawsonia inermis）进行远缘杂交,对杂交亲本的花粉和柱头进行了扫描电镜观察,并对授粉后花粉萌发及花粉管伸长过程进行荧光显微观察。结果表明,紫薇属与散沫花属杂交存在受精前障碍。散沫花的花粉可以在紫薇品种‘Bicolor’、‘XTSC3’和尾叶紫薇柱头上萌发,但花粉萌发滞后,花粉管的伸长受到阻碍,难以在72~96h内伸入子房完成受精。而散沫花作母本时,不亲和性表现为花粉与柱头间在形态上不匹配,柱头上花粉粒粘附少,柱头胼胝质的生成阻碍了花粉萌发。