Web Layout Design of Large Cavity Structures Based on Topology Optimization

Large cavity structures are widely employed in aerospace engineering, such as thin-walled cylinders, blades andwings. Enhancing performance of aerial vehicles while reducing manufacturing costs and fuel consumptionhas become a focal point for contemporary researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the topologyoptimization of large cavity structures as a means to enhance their performance, safety, and efficiency. By usingthe variable density method, lightweight design is achieved without compromising structural strength. Theoptimization model considers both concentrated and distributed loads, and utilizes techniques like sensitivityfiltering and projection to obtain a robust optimized configuration. The mechanical properties are checked bycomparing the stress distribution and displacement of the unoptimized and optimized structures under the sameload. The results confirm that the optimized structures exhibit improved mechanical properties, thus offering keyinsights for engineering lightweight, high-strength large cavity structures.

INTEGRATION OF CELL FORMATION AND LAYOUT DESIGN IN THE UNIDIRECTIONAL LOOP MATERIAL HANDLING ENVIRONMENT

A two-phase approach is proposed to deal with the integration problem in theloop layout. Tabu search is applied to cell construction in phase 1 to minimize the inter-cell flow,and the heuristic for layout design is used as phase 2 to optimize the sum of intra-cell andinter-cell transportation cost. The final computational results demonstrate the validation of thetwo-phase approach.

Key Techniques and Applications of Adaptive Growth Method for Stiffener Layout Design of Plates and Shells

The application of the adaptive growth method is limited because several key techniques during the design process need manual intervention of designers. Key techniques of the method including the ground structure construction and seed selection are studied, so as to make it possible to improve the effectiveness and applicability of the adaptive growth method in stiffener layout design optimization of plates and shells. Three schemes of ground structures, which are comprised by different shell elements and beam elements, are proposed. It is found that the main stiffener layouts resulted from different ground structures are almost the same, but the ground structure comprised by 8-nodes shell elements and both 3-nodes and 2-nodes beam elements can result in clearest stiffener layout, and has good adaptability and low computational cost. An automatic seed selection approach is proposed, which is based on such selection rules that the seeds should be positioned on where the structural strain energy is great for the minimum compliance problem, and satisfy the dispersancy requirement. The adaptive growth method with the suggested key techniques is integrated into an ANSYS-based program, which provides a design tool for the stiffener layout design optimization of plates and shells. Typical design examples, including plate and shell structures to achieve minimum compliance and maximum bulking stability are illustrated. In addition, as a practical mechanical structural design example, the stiffener layout of an inlet structure for a large-scale electrostatic precipitator is also demonstrated. The design results show that the adaptive growth method integrated with the suggested key techniques can effectively and flexibly deal with stiffener layout design problem for plates and shells with complex geometrical shape and loading conditions to achieve various design objectives, thus it provides a new solution method for engineering structural topology design optimization.

INTEGRATED LAYOUT DESIGN OF CELLS AND FLOW PATHS

The integrated layout problem in manufacturing Systems is investigated. Anintegrated model for Concurrent layout design of cells and flow paths is formulated. A hybridapproach combined an enhanced branch-and-bound algorithm with a simulated annealing scheme isproposed to solve this problem. The integrated layout method is applied to re-layout the gear pumpshop of a medium-size manufacturer of hydraulic pieces. Results show that the proposed layout methodcan concurrently provide good solutions of the cell layouts and the flow path layouts.

Layout design and application of 4D-printing bio-inspired structures with programmable actuators

Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an advanced form of three-dimensional(3D)printing with controllable and programmable shape transformation over time.Actuators are used as a controlling factor with multi-stage shape recovery,with emerging opportunities to customize the mechanical properties of bio-inspired structures.The print pattern of shape memory polymer(SMP)fbers strongly afects the achievable resolution,and consequently infuences several other physical and mechanical properties of fabricated actuators.However,the deformations of bio-inspired structures due to actuator layout are more complex because of the presence of the coupling of multi-directional strain.In this study,the initial structure was designed from closed-shell behavior and divided into a general unit and actuator unit,the latter responsible for driving the transformation.Mutual stress confrontation between the actuator and the general unit was considered in the layout thermodynamic model,in order to eliminate the transformation produced by the uncontrolled shape memory behavior of the general unit.Three critical and efective strategies for the layout design of actuators were proposed and then applied to achieve the desired accurate deformation of 3D-printed bilayer structures.Finally,the proposed approach was validated and adopted for fabricating a complex shell-like gripper structure.

A review of cable layout design and assembly simulation in virtual environments

The layout and assembly of flexible cables play important roles in the design and development of complex electromechanical products.The rationality of cable layout design and the reliability of cable assembly greatly affect product quality.In this paper,we review the methods of cable layout design,cable assembly process planning,and cable assembly simulation.We first review research on flexible cable layout design(both interactive and automatic).Then,research on the cable assembly process planning,including cable assembly path and manipulation planning,is reviewed.Finally,cable assembly simulation is introduced,which includes general cable information,cable collision detection data,and cable assembly process modeling.Current problems and future research directions are summarized at the end of the paper.

Humanized Spatial Layout Design of Cultural Plaza

From the perspective of humanized design concepts, humanized space design and behavioral psychological needs of users were re-interpreted and analyzed, basic elements and design principles of cultural plaza spatial layout were proposed. Particularly, application and role of humanized design in the spatial layout of cultural plaza was analyzed, on the basis of which humanized design objective and orientation for the sustainable development of cultural plaza was defined.

Layout Design-Based Research on Optimization and Assessment Method for Shipbuilding Workshop

研究学习建议检验一个三维的可视化节目，在改进通过一个布局的优化的基因算法上强调基于设计的标准和分离造船专题讨论会。由利用作为一个例子处理专题讨论会的钢，最小的逻辑费用的原则将被实现获得一个思想上的设备布局，和一个数学模型。客观性是最小化全部的必要距离在机器之间旅行了。一个改进控制操作符被实现改进基因算法的反复的效率，并且产出相关参数。计算机帮助了三度空间的接口申请(CATIA ) 软件被使用建立生产资源库和处理车间的钢的参量的模型。基于结果优化了平面后勤，处理车间的钢的一个视觉参量的模型被构造，并且质、量的调整然后被用于模型。为评估布局的结果的方法随后通过 AHP 的利用被建立。以便提供 digitalized 生产车间的优化和布局的参考的一个模式，优化分离生产车间将拥有实际意义的某个水平。

Layout design of thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners using multi-material topology optimization

In this paper,the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners manufactured by additive manufacturing are investigated.A design method based on the multi-material topology optimization is proposed for the simultaneous layout optimization of the lattices and stiffeners in thin-walled structures.First,the representative lattice units of the selected lattices are equivalent to the virtual homogeneous materials whose effective elastic matrixes are achieved by the energy-based homogenization method.Meanwhile,the stiffeners are modelled using the solid material.Subsequently,the multi-material topology optimization formulation is established for both the virtual homogeneous materials and solid material to minimize the structural compliance under mass constraint.Thus,the optimal layout of both the lattices and stiffeners could be simultaneously attained by the optimization procedure.Two applications,the aircraft panel structure and the equipment mounting plate,are dealt with to demonstrate the detailed design procedure and reveal the effect of the proposed method.According to numerical comparisons and experimental results,the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners have significant advantages over the traditional stiffened thin-walled structures and lattice sandwich structures in terms of static,dynamic and anti-instability performance.

Legends of the dashboard: an empirical evaluation of split and joint layout designs for geovisual analytics interfaces

Geodashboards are often designed with explanatory elements guiding users.These elements(e.g.legends or annotations)need to be carefully designed to mitigate split attention or information integration issues.In this paper,we report expert interviews followed by a controlled experiment where we compare two interface designs with a focus on the split attention effect:(1)a multiple-legend layout with explanatory elements located next to each view,and(2)a single-legend layout with all explanatory elements gathered in one place.Different legend layouts did not affect the performance,but affected user satisfaction.75%of the participants preferred the multiple-legend layout,and rated it with a higher usability score,mainly attributing this preference to the proximity of legend elements to the view of interest.Eye tracking data strongly and clearly verifies that participants indeed make use of the proximity:With the single-legend,the majority of eye-movement transitions were between the single-legend and the closest view to the legend,whereas with multiple-legend participants have shorter and more frequent legend visits,as well as more transitions between legends and views.Taken together,the design lesson we learned from this experiment can be summarized as‘split the legend elements,but make it close to the explained elements’.

Automated Layout Design of Stiffened Container Structures Based on the Morphology of Plant Ramifications

This study proposes a new topology optimization solution providing designers with choices for feasible stiffener layouts inside large-scale containers of garbage trucks. Firstly, the mathematical expressions of loading conditions inside garbage containers are derived. Then, a growth-based layout optimization framework is built, taking inspiration from the morphology of plant ramifications. The principles of the highly effective but individual design rules of existent leaf venation layout problems are explored and transferred into analytical laws. Based on this, an evolutionary algorithm is developed to simulate the load-adapted growth of stiffener layouts, which provides an approximately homogeneous stress distribution along the surface of self-optimizing structures, Unlike the conventional methods, the new approach needs neither the densest ground structure nor the modification of the existing finite element programs, it is fast, easy to apply and nearly constraint free. Finally, a case study is provided showing how a large-scale container structure can be designed by this extremely intelligent CAD approach.

CONCURRENT PRODUCTION ENGINEERING SYSTEM FOR BUFFER SIZE AND FLEXIBLE TRANSFER LINE LAYOUT DESIGN

In this paper we propose a COncurrent Production Engineering System （COPES） for the flexible transfer line （FTL） layout design in a restricted area. COPES first determines the buffer size in front of the bay of each machine tool in the FTL and then initializes a computer aided design （CAD） system to draw the FTL in a restricted area. We develop a set of modules systems which have been integrated into a single framework, in accordance with the practice of concurrent engineering. Concurrent engineering involves the cooperation of these activities. It＇s expected that the developed COPES can improve the cooperation between production engineers＇ and the plant designer. This can be done by enabling the production engineers＇ to make better decision regarding FTL buffer size.

Layout Design of Conductive Heat Channel by Emulating Natural Branch Systems

To design effective and easy-to-manufacture conductive heat channels, a heuristic method by emulating the natural branch systems is suggested. The design process of the method is divided into two steps, which are the principal channel design and the lateral channel design. During the process, the width of each channel is controlled by the bifurcation law, and the end point of the channel is located at the point with the maximum temperature while the start points of the principal channel and the lateral channel are respectively determined by the location of the heat sink and the law of the minimum thermal resistance. Four design examples with different boundary conditions are studied by the suggested method, and the design results are compared with that of the traditional structural topology optimization method. Not only lower maximum temperature and relatively uniform distribution of temperature are obtained by the suggested method, but also straight channels are achieved without gray element, which is easy to manufacture. The suggested method inspired by the natural branch systems can provide an effective solution for heat channel design in the heat dissipation structures.

Layout design of a mixed-flow production line based on processing energy consumption and buffer configuration

Green manufacturing is a growing trend,and an effective layout design method for production lines can reduce resource wastage in processing.This study focuses on existing problems such as low equipment utilization,long standby time,and low logistics efficiency in a mixed-flow parallel production line.To reduce the energy consumption,a novel method considering an independent buffer configuration and idle energy consumption analysis is proposed for this production line’s layout design.A logistics intensity model and a machine tool availability model are established to investigate the influences of independent buffer area configuration on the logistics intensity and machine tool availability.To solve the coupling problem between machine tools in such production lines,a decoupling strategy for the relationship between machine tool processing rates is explored.An energy consumption model for the machine tools,based on an optimized configuration of independent buffers,is proposed.This model can effectively reduce the idle energy consumption of the machine tools while designing the workshop layout.Subsequently,considering the problems encountered in workshop production,a comprehensive optimization model for the mixed-flow production line is developed.To verify the effectiveness of the mathematical model,it is applied to an aviation cabin production line.The results indicate that it can effectively solve the layout problem of mixed-flow parallel production lines and reduce the idle energy consumption of machine tools during production.The proposed buffer configuration and layout design method can serve as a theoretical and practical reference for the layout design of mixed-flow parallel production lines.

InDesign在绘本画册排版设计领域中的应用研究

研究Adobe InDesign在绘本画册排版设计领域中的应用方法,总结InDesign软件所具有的优势和重要的功能,并对印刷出版行业中使用InDesign软件的常用问题进行研究,明确InDesign软件的关键功能和重要使用方法。

Evolutionary approach for spatial architecture layout design enhanced by an agent-based topology finding system

This paper presents a method for the automatic generation of a spatial architectural layout from a user-specified architectural program. The proposed approach binds a multi-agent topology finding system and an evolutionary optimization process. The former generates topology satisfied layouts for further optimization, while the latter focuses on refining the layouts to achieve predefined architectural criteria. The topology finding process narrows the search space and increases the performance in subsequent optimization. Results imply that the spatial layout modeling and the muLti-floor topology are handled.

Numerical Analysis of Perforation during Hydraulic Fracture Initiation Based on Continuous-Discontinuous Element Method

Perforation is a pivotal technique employed to establish main flow channels within the reservoir formation at the outset of hydraulic fracturing operations.Optimizing perforation designs is critical for augmenting the efficacy of hydraulic fracturing and boosting oil or gas production.In this study,we employ a hybrid finite-discrete element method,known as the continuous–discontinuous element method(CDEM),to simulate the initiation of post-perforation hydraulic fractures and to derive enhanced design parameters.The model incorporates the four most prevalent perforation geometries,as delineated in an engineering technical report.Real-world perforations deviate from the ideal cylindrical shape,exhibiting variable cross-sectional profiles that typically manifest as an initial constriction followed by an expansion,a feature consistent across all four perforation types.Our simulations take into account variations in perforation hole geometries,cross-sectional diameters,and perforation lengths.The findings show that perforations generated by the 39g DP3 HMX perforating bullet yield the lowest breakdown pressure,which inversely correlates with increases in sectional diameter and perforation length.Moreover,this study reveals the relationship between breakdown pressure and fracture degree,providing valuable insights for engineers and designers to refine perforation strategies.

绘本图画叙事中的情节展示艺术探析

以叙事学理论为指导研究绘本的图画叙事、版式设计和画框调节是实现绘本图画叙事的重要手段。利用版式设计和画框变化页面中的图画形态及其关系,使绘本中的系列图画在读者的视知觉及想象中形成连贯性、叙事性,以及叙事节奏的起伏变化。

公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计感性评价

为提升公务机的航空安全和适航性能,营造合适的驾驶舱环境氛围,构建了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计的感性评价模型,提出了系统化的设计知识以指导公务机驾驶舱内饰布局的感性设计优化。首先,基于图像边缘检测技术提取设计特征,建立了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计案例库。其次,通过对感性语汇的搜集与聚类,构建了能诠释公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计表象、抽象、意象信息的“实体层—秩序层—氛围层”感性意象空间。然后,融合“主观评价—眼动—面部表情”3个指标的数据,从“实体层—秩序层—氛围层”3个感性意象评价维度建立了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计的综合感性评价模型。最后,分别从整体层和细节层两个层次剖析了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计特征与感性评价之间的映射关系,并形成系统的设计优化知识。为公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计感性评价提供了新的实验范式及数据分析体系,为其内饰布局设计提供了方法指导。