Perception of dental appearance and aesthetic analysis among patients,laypersons and dentists

BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.

The association of layperson characteristics with the quality of simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association of layperson characteristics with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) provision. Previous studies suggested provider characteristics, including age and gender, were associated with CPR quality, particularly chest compression(CC) depth. We sought to determine the association of subject characteristics, including age and gender with layperson CPR quality during an unannounced simulated CPR event. We hypothesized shallower CC depth in females, and older-aged subjects.METHODS: As part of a larger multicenter randomized controlled trial of CPR training for cardiac patients' caregivers, CPR skills were assessed 6 months after training. We analyzed associations between subject characteristics and CC rate, CC depth and no-? ow time. Each variable was analyzed independently; signi? cant predictors determined via univariate analysis were assessed in a multivariate regression model.RESULTS: A total of 521 laypersons completed a 6-month CPR skills assessment and were included in the analysis. Mean age was 51.8±13.7 years, 75% were female, 57% were Caucasian. Overall, mean CC rate was 88.5±25.0 per minute, CC depth was 50.9±2.0 mm, and mean no-flow time was 15.9±2.7 sec/min. CC depth decreased signi? cantly in subjects >62 years(P<0.001). Male subjects performed deeper CCs than female subjects(47.5±1.7 vs. 41.9±0.6, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: We found that layperson age >62 years and female gender are associated with shallower CC depth.

Layperson’s performance on an unconversant type of AED device:A prospective crossover simulation experimental study

BACKGROUND:Diverse models of automated external defibrillators(AEDs)possess distinctive features.This study aimed to investigate whether laypersons trained with one type of AED could intelligently use another initial contact type of AED with varying features.METHODS:This was a prospective crossover simulation experimental study conducted among college students.Subjects were randomly trained with either AED1(AED1 group)or AED2(AED2 group),and the AED operation performance was evaluated individually(Phase I test).At the 6-month follow-up AED performance test(Phase II test),half of the subjects were randomly switched to use another type of AED,which formed two switches(Switch A:AED1-1 group vs.AED2-1 group;Switch B:AED2-2 group vs.AED1-2 group).RESULTS:A total of 224 college students participated in the study.In the phase I test,a significantly higher proportion of successful defibrillation and shorter shock delivery time to achieve successful defibrillation was observed in the AED2 group than in the AED1 group.In the phase II test,no statistical differences were observed in the proportion of successful defibrillation in Switch A(51.4%vs.36.6%,P=0.19)and Switch B(78.0%vs.53.7%,P=0.08).The median shock delivery time within participants achieving successful defibrillation was significantly longer in the switched group than that of the initial group in both Switch A(89[81-107]s vs.124[95-135]s,P=0.006)and Switch B(68[61.5-81.5]s vs.95.5[55-131]s,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:College students were able to effectively use AEDs different from those used in the initial training after six months,although the time to shock delivery was prolonged.