Biological traits and life history of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a weevil pest on camphor trees in China

Cinnamomum camphora(L.)J.Presl.(Laurales:Lauraceae)is widely cultivated as an important landscape tree species in many urban areas in South China,especially in Shanghai City.Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto has become a destructive insect pest of C.camphora plantations in Shanghai,but the biological and ecological traits of this pest remain largely unknown.In this study,we investigated the damage and life history and determined the larval instar of P.tsushimanus.The results indicated that P.tsushimanus is a monophagous weevil pest,and C.camphora is the unique host tree species.C.camphora plantations in all administrative districts of Shanghai have been seriously damaged by P.tsushimanus.Adults often aggregate for feeding on the tender bark of twigs and occasionally on newly emerged buds.After experiencing damage,the twigs shrink and crack and the buds will shrink.Adults tend to repeatedly mate and oviposit,and all females lay single eggs at a time.Eggs will be covered with a mixture of secretions and wood chips by female adults.Larvae(1 st-2 nd instar)feed on the phloem,while 3 rd-5 th instar can bore into the phloem and the cambium.Massive tunnels,including three shapes(inverted"L",inverted"T",and inverted"Z"),were observed in the trunk of each tree,and resulted in swelling of the outer bark.P.tsushimanus has one life cycle per year in Shanghai.Both adults and larvae(3 rd-5 th instar)overwinter from early November to early April.Adults overwinter in grooves on the underside of branches or at branch nodes,and larvae overwinter in tunnels.Five larval instars of P.tsushimanus were determined according to Dyar’s and Crosby’s rules.The biological traits and life history of P.tsushimanus have been identified and can provide guidance in terms of pest control and plantation management.

The Research On Competitive Cognitive Trait Anxiety Of China＇s Young Female Volleyball Athletes

This paper makes a research on competitive cognitive trait anxiety of China＇s female volleyball reserve athletes using the Psychological Measurement, studying the differences between different groups, sport time and sport grades. The results show that the Failure Anxiety of China＇s young women＇s volleyball athletes is less than that of the norm, while the other kinds of anxiety are more. The athletes whose sports time is more than seven years have a higher level of Injury Anxiety, so is the anxiety when preparing for matches of Three Stage Athletes than One Stage Athletes and Two Stage Athletes. In comparison with Level Two Stage Athletes and Level Three Stage Athletes, Level One Stage Athletes＇ ability anxiety is higher. The anxiety of fonts＇ playing competitive level is more than setters. Based on different athletes, we should take different measures, in order to improve their psychological resilence through training and increase their tolerance when facing difficulty through matches.

China's Women Leaders Promote Quality and Equity in Family Planning

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On the Character Trait of Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the first novel of stream of consciousness in western literature history, it mainly shows the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus' s journeys from childhood to adulthood. This paper aims at a better understanding of Stephen Dedalus, and it analyzes his character traits in literature analysis method, textual analysis method and Freud's theory of personality structure and is useful for further study.

NPC Leader Refutes Dalai Lama's Claim

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OSN下客户领袖声音分类及其识别方法研究

文章以客户的价值取向动机为基础,对客户领袖声音类型进行分类,通过建立多特征两层识别分类模型,在侦听代理软件观测客户声音特征属性数据的基础上,运用D-S证据推理方法识别客户领袖声音类型;并通过算例数据验证,证明该方法是企业聆听客户声音,支持营销决策的重要手段。

领导对下属非正式社交网络阻碍领导双元创新的权变机制:基于SIP理论的分析

与目前鼓励领导向下属非正式社交的研究不同,本文聚焦于领导向下属非正式社交阻碍领导双元创新的权变机制问题。基于SIP理论,构建了领导与下属非正式社交的社会信息环境影响领导双元创新的理论模型。本文对来自42家企业80个部门的174名领导和他们所有的727名下属的样本进行实证研究,结果表明领导非正式社交行为会通过增加领导的所有下属间聚类程度进而阻碍领导的双元创新;当部门年龄异质性高时,领导向下属交友程度增加下属间聚类程度的作用会被削弱;但是,任期异质性在领导向下属咨询增加下属间聚类程度关系中的调节作用不显著。本文的研究发现有助于深入认识领导向下属非正式社交阻碍领导双元创新的中介机制和边界条件,并有效指导企业培育领导双元创新。

改进LeaderRank算法的意见领袖挖掘

意见领袖挖掘是社会网络研究的重要课题,对于舆情控制、信息传播等方面具有重要意义。Leader Rank算法是一个有效的意见领袖挖掘算法。为提高Leader Rank算法的准确性和抗干扰能力,在Leader Rank算法基础上,加入用户之间的情感倾向、用户活跃程度,提出了改进的Leader Rank算法。基于SIR模型的实验验证表明,改进算法的准确性和抗干扰能力均得到了有效提升。

Isolation and characterization of Acidithiobacillus caldus from several typical environments in China

Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.

S-3307对欧洲云杉扦插生根的效应

以采自6年生欧洲云杉采穗母株的插穗,研究了S-3307(稀效唑pentefezol)不同浓度和处理时间对欧洲云杉生根的影响。结果表明:S-3307在促进欧洲云杉生根中对插穗有杀菌防腐作用。不同激素种类处理对插穗生根率的影响存在极显著的差异,IBA和S-3307处理的插穗生根性状较好。S-3307不同时间处理和S-3307+IBA不同浓度处理对插穗生根率的影响存在极显著差异,选用浓度100 mg/L的S-3307处理2 h,生根率达到95%。S-3307不同浓度处理和高浓度速蘸对插穗生根率的影响差异不显著,(100+150)mg/L的S-3307+IBA处理1 h的生根率为90%,成活苗根系发达健壮。

The Breeding Ecology of a Critically Endangered Salamander,Hynobius amjiensis(Caudata：Hynobiidae),Endemic to Eastern China

Hynobius amjiensis is a critically endangered salamander species（IUCN Red List） endemic to eastern China. It currently has three known populations： one in Longwangshan, Zhejiang Province（type locality）, and two in Qingliangfeng between Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces. We examined the relatively unstudied breeding ecology of this species in the field and at laboratory from March 2007 to May 2014. Adult males and females were year-round terrestrial, except for the February–April breeding season. During this period, we captured only a total of 16 breeding adults（11 males and 5 females）. As few as 100 breeding females were estimated based on the number of egg sacs observed since 2007. This number was significantly reduced from the estimated number between 1992 and 1998. Males（mean total length = 16.21 cm, mean body mass = 18.8 g） were slightly smaller than females（16.51 cm, 19.2 g）. Size of breeding pools ranged from 0.2 m-2 to 1.2 m-2（0.1–1.2 m depths）. Each female deposits a pair of egg sacs by attaching the adhesive tips of the sacs to aquatic plants or dead twigs. Fifteen pairs of egg sacs had an average length of 28.6 cm and a diameter of 3.3 cm. On average, each egg sac contained 75 eggs with a diameter of 0.3 cm. Our field survey revealed that H. amjiensis used oviposition sites in small, cool, and weakly acidic pools at high elevations（1 300–1 600 m） where peat moss was abundant. Reduction in wetland size and disappearance of suitable breeding pools suggest that this salamander species is under threat of extinction, particularly at Longwangshan, where 5 of the 9 breeding pools have either dried up or disappeared. Combined size of the remaining 4 pools is less than 2 m-2. We urge immediate implementation of more effective conservation measures and suggest that preservation priority should be given to habitat that contains suitable breeding pools.

The Image of Polish Women in the Early 1950s

Over the past decades, there were questions often asked： What is education？ What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, John Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established （communication becomes possibleS. Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between ＂world＂ and ＂mind＂. In accordance with Dewey＇s genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human＇s knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.

Resilience in the First Episode of Major Depressive Disorder

Aim: Resilience refers to the human ability to adapt to tragedy, trauma, adversity, and significant stressors. Recently, resilience has been defined as a potentially modifiable factor that can be improved through intervention. Here, we examined resilience during a 3-month period as patients experienced their first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that despite MDD, resilient people could recover from depressive states more quickly than less resilient people. Methods: Twelve patients experienced their first MDD episode and 21 healthy control individuals participated in the study. Data from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), S-H Resilience Scale (S-HRS), and State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) were collected at two time points. Time 1 was the first visit after registration and Time 2 was 12 weeks later. Based on the symptoms described by the HAM-D results, the MDD group was divided into MDD-remission and MDD-residual subgroups. Results: Compared with controls, patients showed significantly lower resilience (low scores for Factor-A, Factor-B, and total S-HRS). Moreover, total SHRS scores for the MDD-remission group increased significantly from the Time 1 to Time 2, while those in MDD-residual group did not change. No significant differences in STAI scores were observed between MDD-remission and MDD-residual groups at either time point. Conclusion: This is the first report to show that patients experiencing their first episode of MDD show low resilience, and that a resilience scale might be a good index for estimating recovery from depression.

32份板蓝根栽培种质在新疆产区的性状表现

【目的】研究不同板蓝根栽培种质在新疆产区的性状表现,筛选出适宜当地种植的板蓝根优良种质。【方法】收集全国板蓝根产区的32份板蓝根栽培种质,在新疆昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县种植。以农艺性状和品质性状为指标,分析板蓝根种质在新疆的性状表现。【结果】多数板蓝根栽培种质角果呈浅褐色、倒披针形,长/宽比2.2~5.0,厚度1~3 mm,千粒重6~20 g;叶形多以椭圆型为主,叶缘形多以中、弱的强度为主,叶缘缺刻程度以浅、中为主,花青甙显色情况以4种程度(无、弱、中和强)分布较为均匀,叶长15~25 cm;根长35~45 cm;根粗1.5~2.5 cm。侧根数在4~6个;单根重大多集中在100~150 g,以XJ-1和XJ-2种质表现较佳。各种质间(R,S)-告依春含量存在显著差异,XJ-1和HN-1种质表现优异,侧根数与根长呈极显著负相关关系,与根粗之间呈极显著正相关关系。根重与根粗、侧根数之间呈极显著正相关关系。根粗与根长呈显著负相关关系。【结论】各板蓝根种质在新疆产区性状表现存在差异,HLJ-1在根长、叶长等农艺性状方面表现优异,XJ-1在根重和有效成分含量方面表现出相对优势。

新时代中小学名校长的特质及其培养路径

在新时代高质量教育体系建设的背景下,如何培养和造就名校长,如何让名校长传承教育家精神,如何让更多的名校长成就更多的名校已成为全社会日益关注的问题。通过对教育行政部门、名校长培养对象、学者三类主体对名校长特质的勾勒,进一步明确新时代名校长应具有思想力、变革力、辐射力的特质,新时代名校长的培养和成长应遵循的路径为:教育实践中注重对话反思,提升名校长的思想力;办学智慧具化为迭代行动,提升名校长的变革力;具身体验中思考教育公平,增强名校长的辐射力。

西洞庭湖洲滩植物物种与功能多样性空间分布特征及其相关性

洞庭湖是长江中下游重要的通江湖泊,具有调蓄洪水和维护周边湿地生态系统及生物多样性等生态功能。研究植物群落物种多样性与功能多样性在异质环境条件下的特征及其相关关系,对认识植物群落分布规律、保护修复生态系统结构和功能具有重要意义。以西洞庭湖沅江和澧水水流方向上的洲滩植物群落为研究对象,采集优势种并测定其根和叶的碳氮磷含量、叶面积和根长等8个功能性状来研究群落间物种多样性差异、水流方向上洲滩群落功能多样性差异、物种多样性和群落功能多样性的关系及多样性指数间的相关性。研究结果表明:(1)沿水流方向不同位置植物群落物种多样性有显著差异。其中,沅江和澧水的水流方向上入湖口物种丰富度均较低;在所有调查区域中,沅江中游洲滩植物群落物种丰富度、香农指数均较高,出湖口的物种多样性最低。(2)澧水上游洲滩植物群落的碳氮磷含量的群落加权平均值(community weighted-mean,CWM)和Rao二次熵指数较高;澧水中游植物群落所有性状的CWM值和Rao二次熵指数最低;沅江上游植物群落具有较高的叶性状值,优势种中一年生草本植物的快速生长策略可能贡献较高的叶性状值。(3)西洞庭湖洲滩植物群落物种多样性与CWM值具有显著相关性,根碳含量的CWM值与物种丰富度、香农指数呈负相关;水流方向上不同位置植物群落物种多样性与Rao二次熵指数没有相关性。研究结果说明,沅、澧两水及沿水流方向不同调查区域的水文地貌特征差异对洲滩湿地植物群落物种和功能多样性都有影响,但拥有更高物种多样性(优势种组成、丰富度等)的植物群落适应能力并不一定更强。此外,沿水流方向,湖泊洲滩植物群落的物种与功能多样性趋异。因此,在西洞庭湖洲滩植物群落的保护和修复工作中需要综合考虑更多因素(如土壤、地形等),以便更全面地了解其生态系统的复杂性和特殊性。

复杂地形下500kV超高压输电线路的绕击耐雷性能

鉴于规程法、电气几何法和传统先导法在评估复杂地形下输电线路绕击耐雷性能时存在缺陷,依据长空气间隙放电试验数据、模拟电荷法和S-C变换法,改进了先导发展模型,该分析模型能够模拟实际地形对上、下行先导的影响,从机理上更接近于实际先导发展过程;利用此模型对平原、山谷、山坡、山顶4种地形的500kV交流输电线路进行仿真计算,计算结果表明地形因素对输电线路绕击跳闸率影响较大,随着输电线路坡度增加,侧向暴露角度增大,绕击跳闸率不断增大。选取福建省福莆线96号杆塔处输电线路按照实际地形进行仿真计算,计算结果表明线路上边坡侧绕击跳闸率很小,下边坡侧绕击跳闸率较大,与实际运行情况较符合。上述研究结果表明,分析模型应能够为超高压输电线路的防雷设计提供参考。

社会化过程中领导特质的类型及其形成与关系研究

本研究基于张瑞敏个案的社会化过程,探索了领导特质的类型及其形成与关系。研究结果表明,社会化过程中,领导特质表现为四种类型,即根源型、驱动型、思维型和事务型。根源型特质带有强烈的价值判断,积淀并固化于领导者的潜意识中,具有强烈的稳定性,是领导特质的核心层及领导者成长的根本依赖。驱动型特质是不带有价值性判断的领导者自身的主观行为特征,是形成其他领导特质的动力基础。思维性特质是领导者思维意识层面的特质,体现于对待事务时的思维模式。事务型领导特质是领导者对待事务时所呈现的特质,这种特质会依据思维特质的作用而有选择地呈现于领导行为。根源型特质与驱动型特质基于关键事件冲击后领导者的感悟而形成,两者相互激发与固化,并基于关键事件、文化、家庭及教育等因素共同衍生出思维型特质及事务型特质。思维型特质是事务型特质呈现于领导行为的前提,决定了领导者面临一定情况时的事务性特质的呈现选择。根源型特质和驱动型特质共同决定了领导者的成长方向和效率,是区别领导者与非领导者的关键。思维型特质和事务型特质共同决定了领导者的行为方式和有效性,是区别有效领导者与无效领导者的关键。本研究结论不仅能够在领导特质的分类、形成、关系、整体作用、特质激活理论等方面推动领导特质理论的发展,并能为现实中企业领导者的培养和发展提供有效的启发。

甘蔗细茎野生种核心种质构建

以来自我国10个省(市)、自治区的540份甘蔗细茎野生种无性系为材料,根据采集地信息及其在20对SSR引物上的分子标记数据和15个表型性状资料,开展核心种质构建研究。不同取样量(5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%和90%)分析表明,10%的取样比例可获得70%以上的变异保留比例,是较好的核心种质取样规模;对5种采集地分组取样策略(等量法、简单比例法、平方根比例法、对数比例法和多样性比例法)和2种无分组取样策略(最大变异保留法和随机抽样法)比较表明,简单比例法获得的核心种质代表性最好,为最优取样策略。最后,在简单比例法取样筛选出的54份核心样品中,又通过定向选择补充了6份具有优异表型性状的材料,构建了含60份无性系的甘蔗细茎野生种核心种质,分子和表型检验都表明本研究所构建的核心种质具有较好的代表性和遗传多样性。