Statistical Analysis of Leaf Water Use Efficiency and Physiology Traits of Winter Wheat Under Drought Condition

Five statistical methods including simple correlation, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, principal components, and path analysis were used to explore the relationship between leaf water use efficiency （WUE） and physiological traits （photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, etc.） of 29 wheat cultivars. The results showed that photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were the most important leaf WUE parameters under drought condition. Based on the results of statistical analyses, principal component analysis could be the most suitable method to ascertain the relationship between leaf WUE and relative physiological traits. It is reasonable to assume that high leaf WUE wheat could be obtained by selecting breeding materials with high photosynthesis rate, low transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under dry area.

Variations in Composition and Water Use Efficiency of Plant Functional Groups Based on Their Water Ecological Groups in the Xilin River Basin

Major plant species in the Xilin River Basin were grouped into six plant functional groups (PFGs) based on their water ecological groups: xerophytes, mesoxerophytes, xeromesophytes, mesophytes, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes. We surveyed the composition, delta(13)C values and proline concentration of PFGs in eight different plant communities along a soil moisture gradient. Results show that: (1) PFGs occurred variously in eight steppe communities with different soil moisture status. In wetter habitats, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas xerophytes and mesoxerophytes became more conspicuous in dryer habitats; (2) the numerical order of the mean delta(13)C values of PFGs is as follows: xerophytes (-26.38parts per thousand) = mesoxerophytes (-26.51parts per thousand) > xeromesophytes (-27.02parts per thousand) > mesophytes (-27.56parts per thousand) = hygromesophytes and hygrophytes (-27.80parts per thousand); (3) xerophytes maintained relative higher delta(13)C values and water use efficiency (WUE) in habitats of different water availability, whereas delta(13)C values of xeromesophytes were more sensitive to change in soil water availability; (4) From xerophytes to hygrophytes, their proline content markedly increased. Significantly positive correlations existed between proline and biomass or delta(13)C values of different water ecological groups.

Response of yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato to different levels of water and nitrogen under drip irrigation in Northwestern China

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of applying different amounts of water and nitrogen on yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency （WUE）, irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） of drip-irrigated greenhouse tomatoes in northwestern China. The plants were irrigated every seven days at various proportions of 20-cm pan evaporation （Ep）. The experiment consisted of three irrigation levels （11, 50% Ep; 12, 75% Ep; and 13, 100% Ep） and three N application levels （N1, 150 kg N ha^-1; N2, 250 kg N ha^-1;and N3, 350 kg N ha^-1）. Tomato yield increased with the amount of applied irrigation water in 12 and then decreased in 13. WUE and IWUE were the highest in Ii. WUE was 16.5% lower in 12 than that in I1, but yield was 26.6% higher in 12 than that in I1. Tomato yield, WUE, and IWUE were significantly higher in N2 than that in N1 and N3. NUIE decreased with increasing N levels but NUE increased with increase the amount of water applied. Increasing both water and N levels increased the foliar net photosynthetic rate. I1 and 12 treatments significantly increased the contents of total soluble solids （TSS）, vitamin C （VC）, lycopene, soluble sugars （SS）, and organic acids （OA） and the sugar：acid ratio in the fruit and decreased the nitrate content. TSS, VC, lycopene, and SS contents were the highest in N2. The harvest index （HI） was the highest in 12N2. 12N2 provided the optimal combination of tomato yield, fruit quality, and WUE. The irrigation and fertilisation regime of 75% Ep and 250 kg N ha^-1 was the best strategy of water and N management for the production of drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

Effect of elevated ambient CO_2 concentration on water use efficiency of Pinus sylvestriformis

Pinus Syvestfiformis is an important species as an indicator of global climate changes in Changbai Mountain, China. The water use efficiency (WUE) of this species (11 -year old ) was studied on response to elevated Co, concentration at 500±μLL' L-1 by directly injecting CO2 into the canopy under natural condition in 1998-1999. The results showed that the elevated Co, concentration reduced averagely stomatal opening, stomatal conductance and stomatal density to 78%, 80% and 87% respectively, as compared to normal ambient. The elevated Co, reduced the transpiration and enhances the water use efficiency (WUE) of plant.

Photosynthetic Water Use Efficiency of Heritage and Modern Potatoes under Limited and Unlimited Water Environments

Photosynthetic capacity for heritage (Taewa) and modern potato cultivars were compared at different water and nitrogenregimes in the glasshouse and field. The glasshouse was 2*2*4 factorial design with two irrigation: 100% ET and 60% ET;two applied N: 50 kg N ha-1 and 200 kg N ha-1, two Taewa (Moe Moe, Tutaekuri) and two modern potatoes (Moonlight, Agria). The 2009/2010 field experiment was a split-plot, with irrigation and rain-fed regimes as the main treatments: four potatoes above were sub-treatments. The 2010/2011 field experiment was a split-split-plot, with three water regimes as the main treatments: three cultivars (Moe Moe, Tutaekuri, and Agria) were subplots;two N rates were sub-sub-treatments. Gaseous exchange was measured by CIRAS-2 at different days from emergence. Leaf water potential was measured using pressure chamber method. Taewa achieved high photosynthetic WUE in glasshouse and 2010/2011 experiment by maintaining high An, low gs and low Ci compared to modern cultivars (p The An, gs and T increased with irrigation and N increase while decreasing Ci (p < 0.01). Water stress significantly increased VPD resulting in low An and photosynthetic WUE in Moonlight in the glasshouse. The leaf water potential for Taewa was very tolerant while modern potatoes were weakened by water stress. The study indicated that Taewa can be scheduled at partial irrigation without more detrimental effects on photosynthetic capacity while modern potatoes need full irrigation to avoid detrimental effects on photosynthetic capacity.

Water Use of Leymus chinensis Community

Soil moisture of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. community has obviously stratified phenomena: the layer (0-40 cm) in which roots are concentrically distributed is directly influenced by precipitation and evapotranspiration. It can be called interaction layer of precipitation and evapotranspiration. The layer (40-120 cm), where water-storage capacity exchange lagged exchange of the root-layer water-storage capacity and the community evapotranspiration, can be called major water-storage layer. The layer (under 120 cm) can be called water relatively stable/balanced layer. The year 1996 was a normal flow year, and soil water had a surplus of 18 mm at the end of the growing season. The year 1998 was a high flow year, because leakage took place under continuous heavy rainfall, soil water had a deficit of 15 mm at the end of the growing season. Transpiration to evapotranspiration ( T/ET) value reflected not only the luxuriance degree of the community, but also the water use regime of the environmental resources. T/ET value was low (0.5) in May 1998, reaching 0.7 in June, then decreasing to 0.6 in July, due to the impact of rainfall inclining, while August reached the maximum (0.9), and September decreased to 0.6. Water use efficiency (WUE) was mainly restricted by the growing rate of plants under sufficient water condition (1998). Its seasonal changes were coincident with the grand period of growth of the plants. When both meanings of WUE and T/ET were analyzed profoundly, the concept of evapotranspiration efficiency (ETE) which can all-side reflect utilization regime of the environmental water resources was advanced.

Impact of air drought on photosynthesis efficiency of the Siberian crabapple(Malus baccata L. Borkh.) in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia, Russia

The adaption of photosynthesis, being a key metabolic process, plays an important role in plant resistance to air drought. In this study, the Siberian crabapple(Malus baccata L. Borkh.) in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia region, Russia, was subjected to air drought stress and its photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed. The results show that air drought and sufficient soil moisture supply lead to the decrease in the total chlorophyll(Chl) content, while the ratio of Chls to carotenoids is constant in the Siberian crabapple tree. The function of photosystem II(PS-II) in the crabapple trees is characterized by a decrease in the fraction of absorbed light energy spent on the photochemical work and an increase in the proportion of non-photosynthetic thermal quenching. These changes indicate the photosynthetic down-regulation that acts as a universal photoprotective mechanism. During the midday hours, the combination of high air temperature and low air humidity leads to the decrease in the maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II(Fv/Fm) and the efficiency of photosynthesis(PABS). The parameters of leaf gas exchange show the significant differences in these values between the control and experimental variants. During the morning hours, the Siberian crabapple, growing in the Irkutsk City,assimilates carbon dioxide more intensively. Due to the higher air humidity, the stomata are kept open and the necessary amount of carbon dioxide entries the sites of carboxylation. The low air humidity combined with wind in the experimental variants leads to the unreasonably high water loss in the crabapple leaves by more than 27% as compared to the control variant(Irkutsk City). However, water use efficiency in the morning hours increases during plant photosynthetic processes, i.e., 42% higher than that of control. This,apparently, is a reflection of the adaptation processes of the Siberian crabapple to the air drought and parching wind.

Comparison of Two Dripper Line Designs to Assess Cotton Yield,Water Use,and Net Return in Northwest China

This study aimed to compare the effects of two types of drip irrigation line design on cotton yield, water use, and net returns. The experiments were carried out in the arid region of Xinjiang, Northwest China, during 2009-2010 growing years. The two types of lateral placement are commonly used by the local farmers in the area： double lines （two laterals controlling four rows） and single line designs （one lateral controlling four rows）. The results indicated that less irrigation water was applied by single line compared with double lines design. This implies that more irrigation water could be saved using single line, by reducing the water consumption of cotton. The emergence rates for double lines were 2 and 6% higher than those for single line design in 2009 and 2010. The seed cotton yields for double lines design were 5.76 and 6.41 Mg ha-1 which were 13 and 9% higher than for single line design in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Single lines could however lower the investment cost compared to double lines, which produced 10 and 7% more net income in 2009 and 2010, respectively. By contrast, the double lines was more profitable and suitable for the farmers in Northwest China than single line design.

Comparison study on water use efficiency of wheat flag leaf

wild species and cultivars were planted under irrigated and dryland field condition. LCA\|3 model photosynthesis apparatus was employed to measure flag leaf WUE. The results show that WUE of diploid and tetraploid increases as the wild species became cultivated species. WUE of flag leaf increases as the chromosome ploid increases (2\%n\%→4\%n\%→6\%n\%) in the wheat evolution. Among modern cultivars, WUE of most irrigated varieties is higher than that of dryland varieties.

Review on Leaf Water Use Efficiency of Major Trees Species in Arid and Semi-Arid Area

The tree specie selection is the critical part in the process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semi-arid areas.As a reliable indicator of drought resistance and water use characteristics of tree species,water use efficiency（WUE） has become a hotspot in the research on tree specie selection.This paper introduced the concept and correspondingly research method of leaf WUE and summarized the research progress of leaf WUE in terms of the variation in leaf WUE between species,positions in the canopy,and characteristics of temporal and spatial variation,its influence on environmental factors like illumination,moisture,temperature, CO2 and O3 concentrations.Furthermore,it put forward the problems currently existing in the research and prospected the trend of future research on leaf WUE.

Seasonal Variation and Correlation with Environmental Factors of Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency of Juglans regia and Ziziphus jujuba

Both the photosynthetic light curves and CO2 curves of Juglans regia L. and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa in three seasons were measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The maximal net photosynthetic rate （Amax）, apparent quantum efficiency（φ）, maximal carboxylation rate （Vcmax） and water use efficiency （WUE） of the two species were calculated based on the curves. The results showed that Amax of J. regia reached its maximum at the late-season, while the highest values of Amax of Z. jujuba occurred at the mid-season. The Amax of J. regia was more affected by relative humidity （RH） of the atmosphere, while that of Z. jujuba was more affected by the air temperature. Light saturation point （LSP） and Light compensation point （LCP） of J. regia had a higher correlation with RH of the atmosphere, those of Z. jujuba, however, had a higher correlation with air temperature. Vcmax of both J. regia and Z. jujuba had negative correlation with RH of the atmosphere. WUE of J. regia would decrease with the rise of the air temperature while that of Z. jujuba increased. Thus it could be seen that RH, temperature and soil moisture had main effect on photosynthesis and WUE of J. regia and Z. jujuba. Incorporating data on the physiological differences among tree species into forest carbon models will greatly improve our ability to predict alterations to the forest carbon budgets under various environmental scenarios such as global climate change, or with differing species composition.

Study on Water-Preserving Effects of Mulching for Dryland Winter Wheat in Loess Tableland

Focused on the rainfall characteristics and the reality of agricultural production in the loess tableland , and based on previous results, new patterns for dryland winter wheat production, in which the emphasis was put on the film mulch with obvious water-preserving advantage, were designed to make effective use of rainfall. The results showed that the technique of the double mulch of film plus straw in summer fallow period can collect the rainfall in this period to the utmost extent and over 73.2% of it can be stored in the soil, which is 108. 4 mm more than that of conventional tillage. Furthermore, it can not only preserve water stored in soil in summer fallow, but also collect the rainfall in the growth period as much as possible by using the technique of making ridges plus film mulching and furrow sowing. So the patterns, which can greatly increase both the soil moisture and wheat yield, are the best choice for making full utilization of the rainfall and achieving a high and stable yield in the dryland wheat production of the loess tableland.

Response of the water use efficiency of natural vegetation to drought in Northeast China

Drought has become a problem that is universally faced by global terrestrial ecosystems. Northeast China is located in a region sensitive to global climate changes, and one of the main impacts of climate changes in Northeast China is manifested as drought in growing seasons. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution law of the water use efficiency(WUE) of the main natural vegetation(i.e., cold-temperate coniferous forests, temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests, warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests, and grasslands) in Northeast China based on public MODIS data products, including MCD12 Q1, MOD15 A2 H, MOD16 A2, and MOD17 A3 H, and meteorological data from 2002 to 2013. The influence of drought events on the WUE of different vegetation types and their response to drought events are also investigated. The study findings are as follows:(1) drought in Northeast China frequently occurs in the regions stretching from 114.55°E to 120.90°E, and the percentage of drought area among the forests is lower than that among the grasslands during these years;(2) the annual average WUE of the natural vegetation ranges from 0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^(-1) H_2O, and the WUE of forests(0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^(-1) H_2O) is universally higher than that of grasslands(0.84 to 0.99 C/kg^(-1) H_2O);(3) in 2008, the regions where the WUE in drought conditions is higher than that in normal water conditions account for 86.11% of the study area, and a significant linear positive correlation is found between the WUE in drought conditions and the WUE in normal water conditions, whereas the degree of drought does not influence the WUE of the natural vegetation in an obviously linear manner; and(4) the WUE for the cold-temperate coniferous forests and temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests with a high ET or low NPP is more likely to rise in drought conditions; the WUE for the grasslands with a low Evapotranspiration(ET), Net Primary Production(NPP), and Leaf Area Index(LAI) is more likely to rise in drought conditions; and the ET, NPP, and LAI have no significant influence on the WUE for the warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in drought conditions. This study contributes to improving the evaluation of the influence of drought on natural ecosystems.

Contrasting Drought Tolerance in Two Apple Cultivars Associated with Difference in Leaf Morphology and Anatomy

Apple is one of the most important fruit trees in temperate zones, and is cultivated widely throughout the world. Drought stress affects the normal growth of apple tree, and further affects fruit yield and quality. The present study examined the effects of drought on photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of two apple cultivars (Honeycrisp and Yanfu 3) that differ in drought tolerance. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate decreased in response to drought stress for both cultivars, with significant differences in intensity. Values for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in stressed Yanfu 3 remained significantly lower than in the controls, while, for Honeycrisp, only a slight drop in photosynthesis. Similarly, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) were markedly reduced in Yanfu 3 under drought stress. However, Honeycrisp showed only minor changes. Under drought stress, the contents of Chl a, Chl b and Chl t in Yanfu 3 were all decreased significantly compared with the control. However, little difference in Honeycrisp was noted between stressed plants and controls. Values for WUE in stressed Yanfu 3 remained higher than in the controls from day 3 until the end of the experiment, while no significant difference was observed in Honeycrisp. Furthermore, Honeycrisp also exhibited superior physiological traits, as indicated by its anatomical and morphological characteristics. Therefore, we conclude that the superior drought tolerance of Honeycrisp was due to its anatomical and morphological characteristics, which possibly contributed to the maintenance of higher photosynthetic capacity than Yanfu 3.

Adaptability of High-Yielding Rice Cultivars in Relation to Biomass Productivity under Moderately Water Stressed Upland Conditions

Recent studies have focused on the improvement of rice productivity under aerobic conditions for times when water resources and food production are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of high-yielding rice cultivars to moderately water-stressed upland conditions in order to contribute breeding. A three-year field experiment in the temperate climate of Kyoto, Japan, indicated that the decrease in yield was mainly derived from a decrease in above-ground total dry matter (TDM) rather than a decrease in harvest index (HI). Although the decrease in TDM was mostly caused by a decrease in radiation use efficiency (RUE), we determined that the key to adapting high-yielding cultivars to upland conditions is intercepted radiation per day (IRPD), governed by leaf area index (LAI). Although the effect was not robust, LAI growth under upland conditions was associated with root length density. RUE was dependent on leaf water potential (LWP), indicating that a plant’s ability to maintain LWP under water-stressed conditions is important. The results also suggest the necessity of a canopy analyzer to evaluate LAI, as well as an infrared radiation thermometer to evaluate RUE. Performing such measurements during breeding efforts allows us to select for genotypes that are suitable for less stressed aerobic conditions.

密肥互作对全膜双垄沟播玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

为进一步完善全膜双垄沟播玉米栽培技术体系,采用大田随机区组试验法,研究了不同密度和施肥水平对全膜双垄沟播玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:6.75×104株·hm-2种植密度下玉米产量和水分利用效率显著高于4.50×104株·hm-2密度处理。不同施肥处理条件下,玉米穗行数和产量均以施纯氮180kg·hm-2,施过磷酸钙144 kg·hm-2处理最高;玉米百粒重和水分利用效率均以施纯氮210 kg·hm-2,施过磷酸钙168kg·hm-2最高;6.75×104株·hm-2密度下施纯氮210 kg·hm-2,施过磷酸钙168 kg·hm-2处理互作效应显著,玉米百粒重、产量和水分利用效率均高于其他处理。说明6.75×104株·hm-2密度下施纯氮210 kg·hm-2,施过磷酸钙168kg·hm-2是当地全膜双垄沟播玉米生产中比较理想的种植密度和施肥水平。

施用氮肥对提高旱地作物利用土壤水分的作用机理和效果

在年降水丘４５０～５１０ｍｍ的半湿润易旱地区的壤质红垆土上，以春玉米为供试作物进行了大田试验。玉米生长期间，每隔１０天分别测定不同栽培和施氮量处理的蒸腾强度，叶面积，伤流量，伤流液成分，叶水势，叶片糖分含量，并刈割玉米地上部分，测定生长量，分层采取２ｍ土层的土壤，测定含水量，以研究施用Ｎ肥对提高旱地作物利用土壤水分的作用机理和效果。试验表明，施用氮肥促进了作物根系发育，扩大了作物觅取水分和养分的土壤空间，增大了蒸腾强度和伤流量，降低了叶水势，提高了伤流液中氨基酸含量，使根系活性增强，作物吸取和运转土壤水分的能力提高。利用直接测定的结果计算，施肥不仅提高了作物蒸腾量，减少了土壤水分蒸发量，增高了Ｔ／ＥＴ比值，而且提高了蒸腾效率，增加了叶片的糖分含量，使蒸腾的水分得到了更有效地利用。施氮区与无氮区相比，消耗的土壤水分无明显区别，但由于施肥区显著增产，水分的利用效率明显提高。用蒸散量计算出来的水分利用效率，ＷＵＥ（ＥＴ），随施氮量增高而增高；用蒸腾量计算出来的水分利用效率，ＷＵＥ（Ｔ），因产物而不同：籽粒的水分利用效率与施氮量成直线关系，而干物质的水分利用率不因施氮量而变化，表明施肥对提高经济产物的水分利用效率更?

不同覆膜栽培方式对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

为探讨地膜覆盖栽培方式的增产机理,完善地膜覆盖玉米栽培技术,采用田间试验法,以露地平播为对照,比较了全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、半膜平铺、膜侧沟播等4种栽培方式对玉米叶面积、光合势、干物质积累、穗部性状、产量及其构成因子、水分利用效率的影响,并进行了成本和效益分析。结果表明:全膜或半膜双垄沟播显著增加了各个生育时期玉米的叶面积,半膜平铺和膜侧沟播作用不大;全膜和半膜双垄沟播及膜侧沟播显著提高了玉米的光合势,半膜平铺对生长前期光合势有一定促进作用,但后期出现不利影响;全膜和半膜双垄沟播增加了玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数,但也增加了秃顶长。半膜平铺对穗长、穗粗和穗行数有一定促进作用,降低了秃顶长,但对行粒数作用并不明显。膜侧沟播对穗长、穗行数和行粒数有一定促进作用,但对穗粗和秃顶长作用并不明显;各种覆膜栽培方式均提高了玉米穗粒数和百粒重,但降低了单株成穗数。穗粒数与产量的灰色关联度最大、百粒重次之、单株成穗数最低;全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、膜侧沟播、半膜平铺栽培方式分别比对照增产67.23%、60.08%、38.81%和20.02%,水分利用效率分别比对照提高66.43%、59.54%、38.35%和19.63%,经济收益分别比对照增加85.51%、69.58%、36.37%和18.69%。说明全膜双垄沟播玉米具有较高的产量和经济收益优势。

小麦品种叶片水势与抗旱节水性的关系

为给叶片水势(LWP)在小麦抗旱节水鉴定中的应用提供依据,设置干旱胁迫(D)和非胁迫(W)两种水分处理,研究了21个冬小麦品种苗期(X1)、抽穗期(X2)和乳熟期(X3)的LWP变化及其与籽粒产量(Y)、抗旱指数(DI)、水分利用效率(WUE)的关系。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致所有品种LWP下降,下降幅度在品种间和生育期间存在差异,苗期、抽穗期和乳熟期的LWP分别平均下降0.34、0.21和0.12 MPa,品种变异系数分别为-44.1%、-43.3%和-98.3%。随生育进程的变化,LWP下降幅度有70%的品种呈"偏正态"型减小,30%呈"L"型减小。聚类分析表明,抗旱品种的LWP遗传距离小(0.6~0.7),水地品种大(0.85~0.95)。回归与通径分析表明,LWP与Y、DI、WUE均呈极显著正相关,相关系数为rDI>rWUE>rY,但不同生育期LWP对抗旱节水性有交互弥补或抵消的效应。综合分析认为,抽穗期LWP选择-0.2527^-0.1702 MPa,利用LWPX1、LWPX2、LWPX3相互结合评价抗旱性;以LWPX2为主,兼顾LWPX3评价WUE、兼顾LWPX1评价产量的策略,是抗旱节水小麦较理想的水分状况评价与选择决策。