Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits

Water supply is the primary element of an urban system. Due to rapid urbanization and water scarcity, maintaining a stable and safe water supply has become a challenge to many cities, whereas a large amount of water is lost from the pipes of distribution systems. Water leakage is not only a waste of water resources, but also incurs great socio-economic costs. This article presents a comprehensive review on the potential water leakage control approaches and specifically discusses the benefits of each to environmental conservation. It is concluded that water leakage could be further reduced by improving leakage detection capability through a combination of predictive modeling and monitoring instruments, optimizing pipe maintenance strategy, and developing an instant pressure regulation system. The environment could benefit from these actions because of water savings and the reduction of energy consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions.

On designing an unaided authentication service with threat detection and leakage control for defeating opportunistic adversaries

Unaided authentication services provide the flexibility to login without being dependent on any additional device.The power of recording attack resilient unaided authentication services(RARUAS)is undeniable as,in some aspects,they are even capable of offering better security than the biometric based authentication systems.However,high login complexity of these RARUAS makes them far from usable in practice.The adopted information leakage control strategies have often been identified as the primary cause behind such high login complexities.Though recent proposals have made some significant efforts in designing a usable RARUAS by reducing its login complexity,most of them have failed to achieve the desired usability standard.In this paper,we have introduced a new notion of controlling the information leakage rate.By maintaining a good security standard,the introduced idea helps to reduce the login complexity of our proposed mechanism—named as Textual-Graphical Password-based Mechanism or TGPM,by a significant extent.Along with resisting the recording attack,TGPM also achieves a remarkable property of threat detection.To the best of our knowledge,TGPM is the first RARUAS,which can both prevent and detect the activities of the opportunistic recording attackers who can record the complete login activity of a genuine user for a few login sessions.Our study reveals that TGPM assures much higher session resiliency compared to the existing authentication services,having the same or even higher login complexities.Moreover,TGPM stores the password information in a distributed way and thus restricts the adversaries to learn the complete secret from a single compromised server.A thorough theoretical analysis has been performed to prove the strength of our proposal from both the security and usability perspectives.We have also conducted an experimental study to support the theoretical argument made on the usability standard of TGPM.

Design and Optimization of Reverse Salient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Controllable Leakage Flux

In this paper,a controllable leakage flux reverse salient permanent magnet synchronous motor(CLF-RSPMSM)is designed,which has the advantages of wide speed range and low irreversible demagnetization risk.Firstly,the principle of controllable leakage flux and reverse saliency effect is introduced,and the design of the rotor flux barrier is emphatically discussed.Secondly,multiple design variables are stratified by the comprehensive sensitivity method,and the main variables are screened out.Then the relationship between the main variables and the optimization goal is discussed according to the response surface diagram.Thirdly,a sequential nonlinear programming algorithm(SNP)is used to optimize the three optimization objectives comprehensively.Finally,the electromagnetic performance of the proposed motor is compared with the initial IPM motor,the mechanical strength of the proposed rotor is analyzed,and the results verify the effectiveness of the design and optimization method of the proposed motor.