The “Static” and “Dynamic” Design Verification Stages of the Lean Development Process: Automotive Industry

he design verification steps that take place in today’s automotive industry, which constitute the values of each successive or simultaneous phase in the new product development process, create a complex structure with the inclusion of each new technology and discipline. Therefore, step by step, each design verification phase definition in the flow contains important phase transition measurements or approval tolerances that ensure the simplicity and continuity of vehicle development processes. In addition, classification of design verification stages within the framework of this study or evaluation in two classes (static and dynamic) is a new approach, but it is a synthesis with the analysis of the new product development process. The vehicle’s basic structure, which constitutes the ergonomic and functional requirements of the vehicle in a static environment, takes into account the dynamic environment variables with crash or accident tests. Increasing new technology adaptations in the automotive industry have changed the new product development process that performs this function structurally and created the concept of design verification under consecutive or simultaneous process simplicity. From the autonomous driving to the use of alternative energy, possible accident scenarios and design verification phase transitions in the integration of parts and systems of the newly developed vehicle create a new structure that models and directs the lean product development process especially in the automotive industry in the coming days. In the lean product development process that takes place in the automotive industry, the design verification transition steps or the approval-control analysis of the development stages, which form a new and effective approach, are re-modeling the entire flow. Therefore, successful execution of design verification steps used in the control of new interdisciplinary product development phase transitions provides value creation.?Within the scope of this study, the effectiveness of the static and dynamic design verification steps, which are carried out in 5 global automotive companies included in the research, which constitute the stage transitions of the new product development process, has been measured. Apart from the design verification transition stages, the process variables that differ among the automotive companies involved in the research are excluded from the scope of this study. In other words, in field researches in the automotive industry, new vehicle design steps or basic engineering steps in the new product development process steps, while creating independent fixed variables, interdisciplinary collaborations, static and dynamic design verification transition stages they perform, or their sequence in the basic flow, is accepted as a dependent variable. Therefore, in the study, the positive effect of the automotive companies that included the static and dynamic design verification phase transition approvals in the lean product development process was investigated. Under the comparative analysis structure of the research, the effect of automotive companies, which accept international vehicle specifications as static design verification input, on market performance has been examined in depth. The detailed depth in the comparison analysis conducted under the second field studies of the study is due to the prediction of dynamic design verification stages to provide a high impact on the market performance, according to the static verification analysis. The new product development stages of the dependent variables were fixed and the flow-oriented?“effect”?of the independent variables in the basic process influenced by the design verification activities was analyzed under the new automotive industry company comparisons. In addition, the impact of the automotive design activities that make up the comparison analysis of the research on the scope of the lean product development stage and its effect on the basic process flow has been demonstrated competition-oriented. Therefore, sub-variables, options, criteria, results, which form a defined comparison problem, create basic test values that affect the problem.

Lean Product Development Process with Design Verification Stages in the Value Stream of Automotive Industry

In the automotive industry, lean projects and innovation creation come to life by being updated under the control of systematic interdisciplinary process flows. The lean product development process that changes the shell, defined under the light of the variables created by the competitive conditions, is today measured by the value flow efficiency and the global market spread of the final product. Consequently, the lean product development approach, which aims to identify and purify all the wastes that do none value or create value to the system or cause burdens in the new product development process, is shaped by step-by-step approvals in the flow. In the main automotive industry company practices within the scope of the research (3 national, 3 international), the beginning of the concept of lean in design is to define and optimize the steps in the product development process under the value stream map. Therefore, the product function for which the customer has paid for, the function of the new product or the physical structure used to meet the needs in question, the comfort, life, experience, innovations of the scope that constitute the new product concept are planned and verified and implemented in the simplified automotive design stages at the beginning of the lean product development process. In this research, initial automotive design objectives and stages are at the focal point of the innovation and added value creation brought by the concept of “lean” approach. The research is modelled on the determination of steps that do not create added value together with the points where the flow circuits’ or stems, the process is devalued, the interdisciplinary holistic studies intensify, the information and delay begin and end in the sequential and simultaneous design validation step transition stages, which are examined under the lean approach. As a visual and virtual tool that enables the elaboration of nominal values such as the total duration of the design verification stages and the influence of interdisciplinary stakeholders or the test level of the product design with the new product added, it reveals the value flow or losses. Hence research;from innovation creation and new product design steps, which constitute the initial stages of the lean product development process, to design verification analysis, the efficiency of the automotive company processes within the scope of the research has been measured by comparing using lean automotive design techniques, methods and concepts.

Autonomous Vehicle Design in Lean Product Development Processes for Value Stream Map

The global automotive industry is giving a difficult and common test in order to create advanced life models in the near future plans or scenarios that include current autonomous vehicle technologies. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to comparatively evaluate the impact of autonomous vehicle technologies, which are newly included in the automotive manufacturing industry under sustainable competition, on lean product development processes, value acquisition and preservation, in different organizational structures in the approach. Although mergers or brand acquisitions in the global automotive industry create joint R & D (Research Development) or joint new P & D (Product Development) process structures for the development of autonomous vehicle technologies, heavy competition continues in the market. These new processes create different needs for the merger and partnership of the renewed traffic infrastructures under national and international regulations, and for the implementation of the new autonomous life model. Firm and brand marriages, mergers or acquisitions in today’s automotive industry have ensured the high diffusion of lean product development processes under the stream of value creation or preservation carried out specific to the company under competition. Brand mergers in automotive industry companies struggling to survive under high competition create new work disciplines, professions, and engineering flow steps in lean product development processes. However, lean product development processes driven by technological innovation under simplification have resulted in the integration of parts and systems within the autonomous vehicle design structure, as well as creating new interdisciplinary value streams or different stakeholders. Therefore, the research revealed the significant effects of lean product development processes on the value stream in the automotive industry, on the mixed and lean product development process structure formed by new or existing vehicle systems (conventional vehicle) under the penetration of each existing and new discipline. This research compares the efficient operation steps of the process stakeholders in the autonomous vehicle design parts or systems containing innovation and new technology together with the value stream in the lean product development process, and the new process stakeholder’s business-oriented global and local automotive industry companies. New autonomous vehicle technologies, together with their unique software, hardware and development analysis, have been involved in the lean product development process with their interdisciplinary studies or expertise. Therefore, the study firstly focused on the technologies in environmental use together with the new basic features of autonomous vehicles, and then examined in depth the new or existing disciplines and interdisciplinary basic structure that these innovations affect under the value stream in the lean product development process. In addition, micro-level results and recommendations were shared, shedding light on how autonomous vehicle levels will create changes in the new product development process.

不同叶顶弯曲对离心叶轮性能影响机理

面对现代发动机对离心叶轮性能需求不断提高的背景,叶顶弯曲具备有效改善离心叶轮气动特性的能力,本文通过数值模拟的方式对不同叶顶弯曲方向、弯曲形式、弯曲程度的压气机性能进行预测,基于仿真结果对不同流动状态下压气机内部流场进行分析,给出了叶顶弯曲压气机性能变化机理。结果显示:负弯叶轮有助于提升压气机峰值效率,提高压气机堵塞流量。正弯叶轮则在损失部分效率的情况下,使压气机失速裕度得到提升。弯曲叶轮主要通过改善叶顶前缘载荷,重构叶轮通道内静压分布,从而削弱激波强度、减少二次流损失、抑制低能涡发展,达到提升压气机性能的目的。本文研究结果可为离心压气机叶片改型设计提供参考。

精益船舶海工项目协同设计平台研究

针对船舶建造企业采用精益制造模式的背景,在之前提出的船舶海工项目协同设计平台开发目标和总体框架、案例企业自主开发应用验证,以及总结出的精益设计实践基础上,结合精益设计理论和文献,进一步提出包括满足客户需求、流程、员工参与、领导角色、精益组织文化等在内的精益转型模型(LTM),其组成要素也可以用作特定组织精益转型的组成部分。研究将精益设计等理论应用于实践,同时基于案例总结归纳形成理论模型,为船舶海工等制造业的应用提供借鉴。

斜靠式钢箱拱桥稳定承载力及成桥试验

斜靠式拱箱桥为采用主拱、斜靠拱、横撑和系梁形成的空间受力体系。以主跨145 m斜靠式钢箱拱桥为工程背景,研究分析其稳定承载力。有限元分析和成桥静动载试验表明:斜靠式钢箱拱桥具备足够的稳定承载力,大桥受力性能良好。

基于精益理论的船舶海工协同设计系统开发

针对船舶建造企业采用精益制造模式的背景,结合精益设计理论和实践,提出船舶海工项目协同设计系统开发目标和总体框架,并通过自主开发进行应用验证。开发的系统平台由设计协同管理、船型数据库、终端客户机虚拟化3个系统组成,每个系统由若干功能模块组成,应用效果良好;同时基于案例企业投产的条材机器人生产线,进行了设计系统与条材机器人生产线控制系统的数据融合研究。基于企业项目实施过程中的精益数字化转型讨论,并结合精益理论,总结出适合船舶海工企业的精益设计实践(Lean Design Practice,LDP),供制造业设计流程再造和系统开发参考,为船舶海工等制造业的应用提供借鉴。

滤棒成型机甘油补给效率提升装置的设计与应用

该研究旨在设计一种简单易用、快速上手的装置,以提升滤棒成型机甘油补给效率。针对传统生产过程中甘油补给操作繁琐的问题,设计一种简便实用的装置。该装置采用机械化结构和简易控制设计,使操作更加方便快捷。通过简化甘油补给的步骤,有效提高生产效率。实验结果表明,该装置在保证生产质量的前提下,显著降低操作难度,适合于生产工人迅速上手操作。该研究提出的装置设计不仅在提高生产效率方面具有显著优势,同时也考虑制作简单、易操作等实际需求,为滤棒成型机的甘油补给过程改进提供更贴合于生产现场的可行的解决方案。

精益建造视角下的建筑设计方法初探

建筑业与制造业同根同源、相伴发展,都蕴含着“精益基因”,但是制造业先知先觉最先激活其精益基因走上了精益之路。为了追赶制造业步伐,激活建筑业的“精益基因”,精益建造被提了出来,但它只是帮助建筑业实现了形式上的精益,却未达到实质上的精益。要实现建筑业实质上的精益,建筑设计是核心,只有将目前传统的建筑设计转变为精益的建筑设计才能推动建筑业走向实质的精益。文章从精益的视角,通过对传统建筑设计进行深层次的解构分析,阐释了传统建筑设计的固有特点是建筑业精益困局的根本原因,同时也指出了建筑设计向精益转变的根本在于树立建筑设计精益价值观。由此,文章基于建筑设计精益价值观并借鉴制造业精益产品设计经验,构建出由设计技术、设计管理、设计评价三大板块构成的一套完整的精益建筑设计方法体系,助力建筑业的精益转变。

Evaluation of Lean Product Development Stages of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies with AHP Method

The potential innovation and emerging workforce created by autonomous vehicle technologies, which have just entered the lean product development disciplines, play an important role in the development or change of the automotive manufacturing industry. Therefore, the intensity of work and the innovation practices brought by the technologies in question at each step of very different and interdisciplinary studies deeply affect the new and lean product development steps. Comparatively measuring the operating weight of new autonomous vehicle technologies in different company structures in these lean product development steps has important consequences for the development and change of the automotive industry under heavy global competition. On the other hand, it is difficult to measure the innovation input or the use of new autonomous technology under the AHP mathematical model of each part that constitutes the whole of the lean product development process, but it also creates the future predictions of the sector. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the multi-purpose decision-making methods, was used to determine the most intense value creation, the design and development phase where there is innovation input, or the lean product development discipline throughout the whole process. The AHP method was preferred for the comparative analysis and synthesis of different applications or similar approaches in the automotive manufacturing industry companies (global and local) and lean product development processes in the field study of the research, under qualitative data. Under the AHP mathematical model created in the research, it was aimed to measure interdisciplinary clusters with a focus on new technology and to identify similarities or differences under alternative applications created by different company structures and to compare them systematically and evaluate them mathematically. In the study, the AHP mathematical model was used to compare lean product development processes and the use of new autonomous vehicle technologies, and the Expert Choice program was preferred in the application of the method.

Autonomous Vehicle Technologies Effects the Automotive Concept Design Stages with AHP Method

In the automotive concept design stages, functionally positioning the newly introduced autonomous technologies or remodelling the vehicle accordingly and evaluating the steps or determining the workload together with the collaboration intensity in the current flow is the initial step for the entire process efficiency. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to reveal the effects of the autonomous technologies, which are newly included in the automotive concept design stages in automotive manufacturing industry companies that continue their lives under heavy competition conditions, according to the order of importance. The objective of this research is to both increase the efficiency of automotive concept design stages and to determine the measurement of the effects of new autonomous vehicle technologies in practice. Under the AHP method used in the research, the automotive concept design stages constitute the alternatives in the order of importance of the working structure, as well as the application variables of autonomous vehicle technologies, the criteria of the mathematical model. In addition, the research method modelled in the study, under the AHP mathematical model, reveals the performances or order of importance of the automotive concept design stages under autonomous technologies. Therefore, the resulting process performances constitute important inputs for efficiency and optimization studies under different research approaches. When the results of the study are examined, due to the high level of influence on the new vehicle concept design performance in automotive industry companies, the adaptation or application steps of autonomous vehicle technologies create new needs in the whole process. The determination of innovation creation clusters in the design process steps or the selection of the density of new technology adaptation in the stages and the order of importance provide a competitive advantage along with optimization in the basic functions of the automotive industry companies. However, the determination of new workload clusters in the mentioned automotive concept design process steps or the effect of autonomous technologies in the design stages, selection, transfer from theory to practice, multiple conflicting criteria and uncertain parameters create a very complex situation. For all these reasons, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the widely used multi-criteria decision-making tools, is considered as a suitable approach for creating such order of importance and solving problems. In this study, an AHP mathematical model was created that determines the workload clusters created by autonomous vehicle technology applications that have just begun to guide the automotive concept design process, which is the main function of automotive manufacturing industry companies. Therefore, in line with the innovations, changes and adequacy criteria created by the current automotive concept design stages in the new autonomous vehicle technology adaptation, a stage order of importance has been selected.

New Autonomous Vehicle Technologies Effect on Automotive Concept Design Stages

New road transportation systems solutions create significant changes in existing automotive manufacturing industry products and technologies, from design to use. The conveniences within the framework of new approaches brought by autonomous vehicle technologies primarily make individuals transition from driver duty to passenger and high-comfort alternative travel technologies. Therefore, the research: defining the path followed by the autonomous vehicle technologies, which lead to the development of the said new life model and automotive products within the future fiction, in the stages of designing new concept vehicles in practice or measuring the effect on the processes constitute important values for the future prediction of this sector. In addition, the research has focused on the effects of interdisciplinary studies at the automotive concept design stages, which are at the beginning of today’s lean and new product development process, where innovation goals or technologies emerge with more concrete needs. New autonomous vehicle technologies and the main purpose of revealing the interdisciplinary studies created by new disciplines in the current automotive concept design stages make significant contributions to the optimization of the lean product development process and value creation. For this reason, the automotive manufacturing industry, which is on the eve of a major transformation with the said new autonomous vehicle technologies;determining the needs or sustainable position in the flow of digital perception and orientation systems;determining value creation criteria related to the functioning of automotive concept design processes or new acceptance criteria through one-on-one interviews in the field;constitutes the focus of the research. The research has examined the new interdisciplinary studies and effects of new autonomous vehicle technologies in the automotive concept design phase, which is the first step of lean product development, with local and global automotive industry company comparisons in operation. Therefore, the differences and similarities between the concept design stages of global automotive companies that are both co-developers of new autonomous vehicle technologies and manufacturing automotive products and local automotive manufacturing companies that only assemble them determine the future competitive structuring of the industry.

旋流稳定贫燃预混燃烧研究型实验设计

贫燃预混燃烧是先进清洁燃烧技术,为加强科教协同育人,大连理工大学安全工程专业利用Tomographic PIV+OH Chemiluminescence大型仪器平台,开设了旋流稳定贫燃预混燃烧研究型教学实验。实验小组在查阅文献、了解流场与火焰光学诊断原理的基础上,有步骤地合作开展光路标定、流场与火焰捕捉、数据分析、结果讨论全过程。通过实验研究,培养科学志趣,掌握先进仪器开展科研活动的方法,促进毕业要求实践能力的有效达成。

案例联合情景模拟教学法在康复实践技能课程中的应用

目的探讨案例联合情景模拟教学法在康复治疗学专业《技能综合实训》课程设计中的效果。方法选取2018—2020年学院2016级康复治疗学60名学生为对照组,采用传统教学法;选取2017级康复治疗学64名学生为试验组,采用案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)联合情景模拟教学法。课程结束后分别对两组学生进行期末理论考试和操作客观多站式考核(objective structuredclinical examination,OSCE)和课程设计满意度问卷调查。结果试验组期末理论考试和操作客观多站式考核(OSCE)总体成绩优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);带教老师满意度和课程设计满意度评价中,试验组的带教老师满意度高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组的课程设计满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对实验组课程干预后的问卷调查结果显示,试验组学生对理论与实际情景相结合、激发学习兴趣、提高自主学习能力、培养专业知识及操作技能、培养临床应急能力5个条目的满意度高。结论CBL联合情景模拟教学法应用于康复治疗学实践技能课程,可以显著提高学生学习成绩,使学生提前了解临床康复实际场景,为尽快进入临床实习奠定基础。

基于精益数字孪生体的智能制造系统设计

智能制造是世界制造业发展的共同趋势,是我国构筑经济新优势的关键。当下,如何有效设计智能制造系统成为一个亟待解决的问题。作为助力智能制造发展的新范式,精益数字孪生体能够实现智能制造系统的全生命周期映射,基于精益数字孪生体开展智能制造系统全生命周期设计能够极大地提高系统设计的成功率,突破设计瓶颈。基于此,文中提出了一种“精益—创造—构造—支持—再造”的全生命周期设计框架,阐述了如何采用精益数字孪生体开展智能制造设计,并探讨了相应的挑战,以期为智能制造系统设计这一迫切工业问题提供新的解决方案。

基于瘦体青年女性体型特征的衬衫设计

随着流行审美的变化,瘦体的青年女性越来越多,然而,我国目前针对该群体的女性服装相对缺乏,难以满足他们的着装需求。针对这一现状,本文从瘦体青年女性的体型特征和着装需求的角度出发进行服装设计的研究,通过对女装上衣原型进行结构修正,省转移和结构设计,对适合瘦体青年女性体型特征的衬衫结构进行研究,并采用CLO3D的虚拟技术进行模拟试穿。研究得出:将瘦体青年女性体型分为A型、H型、O型、T型和X型,并根据不同的瘦体体型采用不同的服装廓形,采用分割与装饰性设计相结合,既保证了其合体性,又对其体型有一定修饰作用。聚焦瘦体青年女性体型,并进行针对性的衬衫设计,既满足了其着装需求,又丰富了瘦体青年女性服装设计的多样性。

基于精益设计的生产能力分析与现场物流改善

结合精益设计的思想并应用仿真分析,提出了一种生产流程精益设计的方法。该方法通过仿真分析了系统的生产能力、车间布局和物流,以及整个系统的性能。根据仿真结果,可以选择其中最佳的方案使得生产能力与市场需求相匹配,车间布局和物流得到优化,对车间空间需求减少。一个例子用来说明该方法的应用和效果。

工厂精益设计的框架及实施方法

针对企业在应用精益生产理论中存在的误区以及当前工厂设计实践中存在的不足,提出精益设计的概念及其理论框架,介绍了框架中各组成部分的具体内容。指出在市场竞争日益激烈、信息技术日趋成熟的大环境下,精益设计是提高企业管理水平、改善企业竞争力的必然选择和趋势。比较了各种工厂布置及设计优化方法的特点,并提出将仿真技术应用到该领域具有明显的优势并给出了应用仿真进行工厂精益设计的步骤。

单元制造系统的精益设计研究

文章将精益设计引入单元制造系统(CMS),分析了在精益生产的思想下的CMS设计问题。提出了利用四个阶段——基础阶段、构建制造单元、初始布局形成和最终布局形成阶段的方法,并在精益思想的指导下,于初始布局形成阶段根据物(设备、面积)和资金(运行成本、构建成本)两个方面建立定量的模型,最终布局形成阶段首次在CMS中引入人员设计、信息设计和组织设计。拓宽了精益设计的应用范围,也为其他制造系统的设计过程提供新的思路和方法。

制造系统精益设计的绩效评价体系构建

制造系统精益设计是目前我国制造企业面对快速变化、激烈竞争的市场而所应采取的降低投建和运作成本,提高市场竞争力的一种有效手段。但精益设计作为精益生产思想的向上延伸的较新的一种理论,如何评价成为一个难题。文章从制造系统精益设计功能性特点入手,借助平衡记分卡原理,提出了以顾客视角、股东视角、生产/运作视角、持续改善视角4个方面组成的制造系统精益设计绩效评价指标体系,并结合精益设计思想对各指标进行量化计算,最后提出了对各指标重要性判定的思路。