A Study on the Relationship between English Learning Motivation and Learning Effect

In order to explore the relationship between college students’English learning motivation and learning effect,this paper uses a questionnaire survey to investigate and analyze the English classroom learning motivation of first-year non-English majors.Based on the final English score,the paper analyzes the correlation between English learning motivation and learning effect.

Statistical Analysis of Students’Learning Effectiveness in Online Courses Offered by British Partners in China-UK Joint Education Program

In the context of internationalization,China-UK Joint Education Programs are receiving increasing attention from universities.Based on the difficulties faced in China-UK Joint Education Program,this paper adopts a questionnaire survey method to study the learning effectiveness of students majoring in digital media technology in the China-UK Joint Education Program at Guangxi University of Finance and Economics,focusing on four aspects:learning materials,learning content,teacher conditions,and student learning outcomes.The research analysis in this paper not only provides strong support for the construction of China-UK Joint Education Program but also offers references for other China-UK Joint Education Programs.

Scheduling an Energy-Aware Parallel Machine System with Deteriorating and Learning Effects Considering Multiple Optimization Objectives and Stochastic Processing Time

Currently,energy conservation draws wide attention in industrial manufacturing systems.In recent years,many studies have aimed at saving energy consumption in the process of manufacturing and scheduling is regarded as an effective approach.This paper puts forwards a multi-objective stochastic parallel machine scheduling problem with the consideration of deteriorating and learning effects.In it,the real processing time of jobs is calculated by using their processing speed and normal processing time.To describe this problem in a mathematical way,amultiobjective stochastic programming model aiming at realizing makespan and energy consumption minimization is formulated.Furthermore,we develop a multi-objective multi-verse optimization combined with a stochastic simulation method to deal with it.In this approach,the multi-verse optimization is adopted to find favorable solutions from the huge solution domain,while the stochastic simulation method is employed to assess them.By conducting comparison experiments on test problems,it can be verified that the developed approach has better performance in coping with the considered problem,compared to two classic multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.

The single-machine scheduling problems with deteriorating jobs and learning effect

In this paper we consider a single-machine scheduling model with deteriorating jobs and simultaneous learning, and we introduce polynomial solutions for single machine makespan minimization, total flow times minimization and maximum lateness minimization corresponding to the first and second special cases of our model under some agreeable conditions. However, corresponding to the third special case of our model, we show that the optimal schedules may be different from those of the classical version for the above objective functions.

Learning Effectiveness Oriented Hybrid Teaching Mode

In the course of program comprehension and analysis,we have carried out an effectiveness oriented hybrid teaching mode,and carried out the reform of student-centered teaching methods.The teaching content puts forward specific solution cases from the perspective of industrial practice.Latest literatures from top conferences are analyzed and disused in class,so as to track the state art of research and practice.Practical project is assigned to improve students’practice and innovation ability.Teaching,learning and practice are closely integrated.In each link,students are guided to carry out autonomous and inquiry learning to improve their learning effectiveness.Good learning results have been achieved.

Research on Factors of Linear Algebra Learning Effect

Linear algebra has a very important application in physics and technical disciplines. This article conducted a questionnaire survey on the factors that affect the effect of linear algebra learning;the questionnaire contains several aspects of learning attitude, learning interest, learning methods, teaching methods, etc.;based on recycling data, cross chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis are used to obtain the factors that affect the effect of linear algebra learning. The research results show that: learning methods, learning attitudes, teaching methods and elementary algebra basics are the main factors that affect the learning effect of linear algebra;among them, there are positive correlations between teaching methods, learning methods, learning attitudes and learning effects;teaching methods, learning methods 3. The three principal components of learning attitude are positively correlated. Based on the research and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: finding a suitable learning method for the college students and maintaining a positive learning attitude are effective means to improve the linear algebra learning effect of the college students;in teaching, it is recommended to advance with the times, the teaching content and teaching methods innovate to stimulate students’ interest in learning, thus improving the learning effect of college students’ linear algebra courses.

Learning Effect and Productivity Convergence of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

The main purpose of this paper is to test the production efficiency of different Chinese property industrial enterprises.Based on the large sample panel data of industrial enterprises of the National Bureau of Statistics,we found that although the production efficiency of China-funded enterprises is generally weaker than foreign-funded enterprises,some China-funded enterprises have better learning ability.On the one hand,dynamic analysis found that private enterprises have significant learning ability.On the other hand,the results of convergence analysis show that China’s private enterprises have the potential to gradually catch up with the frontier level of world production efficiency and have better learning ability to catch up potential.And state-owned enterprises tend to be more efficient at the beginning of their establishment,but their productivity is fairly slow to improve,especially for state-owned enterprises with high efficiency sub-samples,so that it’s hard for them to continue improving their efficiency.Institutional analysis found that the marketization process helped the China enterprises to improve their learning ability and China should continue to strengthen the reform of property rights and promote the marketization process.

Stock transferability,the managerial learning effect and corporate innovation

This paper considers stock halts to study the impact of stock liquidity loss on the managerial learning effect based on stock prices.We examine stock halts’impact on corporate innovation and find that discretionary halts hinder innovation.We also find that discretionary halts reduce information quality and increase financial constraints and agent costs.Cross-sectional tests show that this negative impact is more pronounced in samples with high shareholding ratios by large shareholders,institutional investors and private firms.The results indicate that the loss of non-institutional stock trading rights,represented by discretionary stock halts,affects revelatory price efficiency in the secondary market,hinders managers’learning effect and affects enterprises’production and operation decisions.These findings have policy implications for stock circulation-right protection and Chinese capital-market reform.

The Learning Effectiveness of Smart Classrooms:A Meta-Analysis of 48 Empirical Studies

As an important teaching method in the era of education informatization 2.0,the smart classroom has become a hot topic in terms of whether it can really improve students’learning effectiveness.Many scholars have carried out empirical studies in this field,but the conclusions are not the same.By the use of meta-analysis,this study quantitatively analyzes 48 experimental and quasi-experimental studies in China and other countries to explore the smart classroom’s effect and influencing factors.The results show that,on the whole,the smart classroom has a better-than-average promotion effect on students’learning effectiveness;from the perspective of moderating variables,the learning outcome of smart classrooms is influenced by the factors of learning stage,knowledge type,teaching cycle,class scale,and equipment condition,but is not moderated by the factors of subject,teaching strategy,and evaluation tool.Specifically,smart classrooms can become a suitable partner for large-class teaching,short-term courses,and experimental courses.However,the misuse of technology and equipment should be avoided in the application process.

Single Machine Scheduling Problems with General Learning Effect

In a learning effect environment, the machine improves continuously as a result of repeating the same or similar jobs, hence the later a given job is scheduled in the sequence, the shorter its processing time is. In this paper, we consider a new general learning effect, i.e. Dejong＇s learning effect. Using this Dejong＇s learning effect polynomial solutions for the single machine makespan minimization problem, total flow time minimization problem and two classes of single machine multi-criteria problems are obtained.

Multi-item EPQ model with learning effect on imperfect production over fuzzy-random planning horizon

Uncertainty is certain in the world of uncertainty.This study revisits an economic production quantity(EPQ)model with shortages for stock-dependent demand of the items with reworking and disposing of the imperfect ones over a random planning horizon under the joint effect of inflation and time value of money,where the expected time length is imprecise in nature.Transmission of learning effect has been incorporated to reduce the defective production.The total expected profit over the random planning horizon is maximized subject to the imprecise space constraint.The possibility,necessity and credibility measures have been introduced to defuzzify the model.The simulation-based genetic algorithm is used to make decision for the above EPQ model in different measures of uncertainty.The model is illustrated through an example.Sensitivity analysis shows the impacts of different parameters on the objective function in the model.

Seru Scheduling Problems with Multiple Due-Windows Assignment and Learning Effect

This paper deals with seru scheduling problems with multiple due windows assignment and DeJong’s learning effect.Specific time intervals are assigned to jobs with multiple due windows and learning effect is introduced to characterize the decrease of processing times with the accumulation of the working experience.We assume that the set of jobs assigned to each due window is independent,and no inclusion exists between due windows.The objective is to determine the optimal due window positions and sizes,the set of jobs assigned to each due window,and the optimal schedule in each seru to minimize a multidimensional function,which consists of the earliness and tardiness punishment cost,as well as the due window related starting time and size cost.We find that when the number of jobs and the due windows assigned to each seru are pre-specified in advance,the problem can be solved in polynomial time.Meanwhile,the impacts of the due-window allocation strategy and learning effect on the total cost are respectively discussed based on numerical examples and special cases.The results show that if each seru is assigned with the same number of due windows,the total cost can be reduced with the increasing ratio of the due-window number to the to-be-processed job number.Furthermore,with an increasing learning effect,the total cost will be decreased.

The effect of scaffolding instruction on learning among nursing students in China:a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influence of scaffolding instruction on the learning effect of nursing students in China.Methods:Through the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science,the randomized controlled trials of scaffolding instruction in nursing field were collected from the establishment of the databases to the publication in March 2022.After literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 software.Results:Nineteen articles were included,with a total of 2,340 nursing students.Meta-analysis results showed that,compared with the traditional teaching method,the scaffolding instruction was significantly better in nursing students’theoretical examination scores(SMD=1.37,95%CI:1.00 to 1.75,P<0.001),operation skill scores(SMD=1.83,95%CI:1.23 to 2.42,P<0.001),communication ability(SMD=1.51,95%CI:0.70 to 2.32,P=0.0003)and teaching satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:Scaffolding instruction can improve the theoretical and operational scores of nursing students,and it also has a positive impact on communication ability and teaching satisfaction.This teaching method deserves to be applied and promoted in the field of nursing education.

The impact of just-in-time teaching model on nursing students'learning in the background of"Internet+":a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the impact of just-in-time teaching methods on nursing students’learning outcomes.Methods:Through the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science,the randomized controlled trials of just-in-time teaching in nursing field were collected from the establishment of the databases to the publication in November 2022.After literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 software.Results:Twenty articles were included,with a total of 1,865 nursing students.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the traditional teaching method,the just-in-time teaching method had statistically significant differences in nursing students’theoretical examination scores(standardized mean difference(SMD)=1.26,95%confidence interval(CI):1.03 to 1.48,P<0.001),operational skills scores(SMD=1.56,95%CI:1.21 to 1.90,P<0.001),self-learning ability(SMD=0.76,95%CI:0.61 to 0.91,P<0.001)and just-in-time teaching method satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:The just-in-time teaching method combines the advantages of traditional teaching and networked teaching,improves nursing students’theoretical performance,skill operation level and teaching satisfaction,and cultivates nursing students’self-learning ability.

Protective Effect of Mulberry Extract against Pb-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice

Lead （Pb） is ubiquitous in the environment, and low-level Pb exposure can cause neurotoxicity and irreversible damage to children＇s cognition, learning and memory ability. Nutritional intervention is an effective method to prevent Pb poisoning. Mul- berry is rich in anthocyanins, possessing protective effects for nerves. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of mulberry extract （ME） against Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. The results showed that the learning and memory abilities of mice, assessed using the Morris test, improved significantly after treatment with ME at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The level of Pb in the brains of mice in the three ME intervention groups decreased significantly, while NO production and anti-oxidant enzymes were significantly restored. It is suggested that ME inhibits Pb-induced neurotoxicity by reversing Pb-induced alterations in the aspect of neurotoxic effects and improving learning and memory.

Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the spatial learning and memory function of rats after focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Tetramethylpyrazine （TMP） presents the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, reduces arteria resistance, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves microcirculation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of TMP on the learning and memory abilities and the number of neurons in cortex and hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats DESIGN： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Human Anatomy and Histological Embryology, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. MATERIALS： Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. TMP was purchased from Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd （Lot Number： 2004051106, Specification： 2 mL/piece）. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in School of Medicine of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from June 2004 to May 2005. The 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table method： sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia control group, low-dose TMP group, middle-dose TMP group and high-dose TMP group, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the TMP groups were immediately treated with intraperitoneal injection of TMP of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg respectively, and those in the sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia control group were injected intraperitoneally by isovolume saline, once a day for 14 days successively. On the 15^th day, the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and then the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining of brain sections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The results of Morris water maze test and the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus by Nissl staining of brain sections were observed. RESULTS： Finally 39 rats were involved in the analysis of results, and the other 11 died of excessive anesthesia or failure in model establishment. ① The rats in the cerebral ischemia control group manifested obvious spatial cognitive deficits in the place navigation trial and spatial probe trial. The mean values of escape latency in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously shorter than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（23.92±2.21）, （41.84±3.74）, （39.50 ±3.80）, （31.38_±3.72）, （61.60±3.61） s, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. In the spatial probe trial, significant differences in the percentage of time spending in the former platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the former platform site in the sham-operated group, lose, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously higher or more than those in the cerebral ischemia control group [（36.27±3.42） %, （35.84±2.54）%, （38.43±3.08）%, （36.51±1.96）%, （22.24±3.46）%; （11 ±1 ）, （10±1）, （8_±1）, （8±1）, （4±1） times, P 〈 0.01]. ② In the morphological observation, the numbers of neurons in ipsilateral （left） parietal cortex in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously more than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（98±8）, （65±5）, （53±6）, （57±6）, （37±6）/0.625 mm^2, P 〈 0.01], but the number of neurons in left hippocampus had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： TMP can improve obviously the spatial learning and memory function after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and the neuroprotective role of the drug in cortex may be involved in its mechanism.

A Study on the improvement strategies to Effectiveness of Online Teaching and Learning in EFL Classes in College

English online learning has been common trend in the world, how to teach and learn effectively in EFL classes through online environment is an urgent study. The purpose of the study to analyze the factors of affecting the effectiveness of online teaching and learning in EFL classes in college. We build up a three-dimensional model in the perspective of teacher, learner and technology. And we propose the strategies of improving the effectiveness of online teaching and learning in EFL classes in college in the dimensions of teacher, learner and technology.

Effects of melatonin on learning abilities, cholinergic fibers and nitric oxide synthase expression in rat cerebral cortex

BACKGROUND: Melatonin is a kind of hormones derived from pineal gland. Recent researches demonstrate that melatonin is characterized by anti-oxidation, anti-senility and destroying free radicals. While, effect and pathogenesis of pineal gland on learning ability should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pinealectomy on learning abiliy, distribution of cholinesterase and expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cerebral cortex of rats and probe into the effect of melatonin on learning ability, central cholinergic system and nNOS expression. DESIGN: Randomized grouping design and animal study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, the 187 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: A total of 12 male SD rats, of normal learning ability testing with Y-tape maze, of clean grade, weighing 190-210 g, aged 6 weeks, were selected in this study. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital from July 1997 to June 2000. All SD rats were divided into experimental group (n =6, pinealectomy) and control group (n =6, sham operation). Seven days later, rats in both two groups were continuously fed for 33 days. ① Learning ability test: The learning ability of rats was tested by trisection Y-type maze and figured as attempting times. ② Expression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was detected by enzyme histochemistry and nNOS was measured by SABC method. ③ Quantitative analysis of AchE fibers: AchE fibers density in unit area (surface density) was surveyed with Leica Diaplan microscope and Leica Quantimet 500+ image analytic apparatus and quantitative parameter was set up for AchE fibers covering density (μm2) per 374 693.656 μm2, moreover, the AchE fibers density was measured in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of motor and somatosensory cortex (showing three layers per field of vision at one time), in radiative, lacunaria and molecular layers of CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas, and in lamina multiforms of dentate gyrus. Three tissue slices were picked up randomly in the same part of each rat, together six tissue slices for nNOS expression and four near view (× 400) were selected in the parts of right neocortex, medial septal nucleus-diagonal band nucleus (SM-DB), corpus striatus and hippocampus to count nNOS-positive cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Learning ability; distribution and quantitative analysis of AchE fibers; expression of nNOS in various cerebral areas. RESULTS: The twelve rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Learning ability test: The learning abilities before operation in the experimental group [(14.67±4.97) times] were consistent with those in the control group [(14.33±4.32) times, P > 0.05], the learning abilities in the experimental group at 40 days after pinealectomy [(28.67±2.42) times] were obviously more than those before pinealectomy and those in the control group after operation [(13.83±8.33) times, P < 0.01]. ② Results of AchE-positive fibers density in cerebral cortex of rats: The AChE-positive fibers densities in motor and somatosensory cortex, CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas of hippocampus and in lamina multiforms of dentate gyrus in the experimental group were obviously lower than those in the control group [experimental group: (15 244±1 339), (14 764±1 391), (12 991±970), (15 077±1 020), (19 546±1 489), (19 337±1 378) μm2; control group: (21 001±1 021), (17 930±2 225), (17 260±1 342), (18 911±1 048), (24 108±1 671), (22 917±1 909) μm2, P < 0.01]. ③ Expression of nNOS in various cerebral areas: nNOS-positive cells in cerebral cortex of rats of the experimental group were more, furthermore the ones in somatosensory cortex were slightly more in motor cortex and the number (5.90±0.68) was more than that in the control group (3.68±0.39,P < 0.05). The nNOS-positive cells in SM-DB (16.21±2.03) were markedly more than those in the control group (9.32±1.05,P < 0.01). The nNOS-positive cells in hippocampus (4.27±0.75) and in corpus striatus (9.35±2.58) were not different with those in the control group (3.94±0.53, 8.96±2.31, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Decrease of melatonin due to pinealectomy of rats can result in learning disorder, which may be related to trauma of cholinergic neuron in cerebral cortex which were caused by nitric oxide neurotoxicity arose from the overexpression of nNOS in cerebral neocortex and SM-DB.

Application of Traditional Chinese Culture in Cross-Cultural English Education:A Case Study of the Maritime Silk Road in Guangdong Province

The phenomenon of aphasia in Chinese culture is serious.The existing English teaching materials emphasize too much Western culture education and lack traditional Chinese cultural elements.Therefore,this paper takes the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road as an example to study the specific application of traditional Chinese culture in cross-cultural English education.This paper first summarizes the significance of cross-cultural integration into college English education and then points out the serious phenomenon of Chinese cultural aphasia.Next,the paper focuses on English education,using English textbooks as a starting point to explore and integrate strategies related to excellent traditional Chinese culture from the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road.By integrating traditional Chinese culture into business English classes(with the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road as an example),the study explores the influence of such cultural integration on students’cross-cultural communication skills,cultural identity,and learning effects.The results showed that the P value of the experimental group and the control group was<0.05,that is,cultural integration had a positive effect on improving the effect of cross-cultural English education.The overall scores and cultural confidence of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group,which proves that cross-cultural teaching has a positive effect on the improvement of students’scores.

Helping learners construct correct beliefs about English learning

Learners themselves are playing an essential role in foreign language learning. ＂To teach＂ is not enough for foreign language teachers, and what is more important for them is to help the learners construct correct learning beliefs and instruct them how to learn. Based on the questionnaire, this paper sums up the leading deviations in English learning and makes corresponding proposals of how to help students construct correct learning beliefs.