The Correlation between Social Anxiety and Loneliness of Left-Behind Children in Rural China: Effect of Coping Style

In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.

Parental Migration’s Effects on the Academic and Non-Academic Performance of Left-Behind Children in Rural China

This study investigates the impact of parental labor migration on the academic achievements and non-academic growth of left-behind children in fourth and seventh grades. Employing survey data collected from rural China in 2014, 2015, and 2016, we examine the effect of parental absence on children's academic achievement using Propensity Score Matching(PSM) and Difference in Difference(DID) methods. The results demonstrate that left-behind children whose parents have migrated for one year have statistically significantly lower academic scores. Academic scores drop lower for fourthgrade students and students from higher-income families. There are also adverse effects on left-behind children's confidence, teacher-student relationships, subjective well-being, and educational expectations if parents migrate for one year. Surprisingly, if parental migration lasts longer(totaling two years), these adverse effects disappear, and student's educational expectations even improve. These results may be because, over time, the adverse effects that occur immediately after parental migration are offset by the positive effects of migration(i.e. higher income). These conclusions can inform migrant parents on ways to utilize their resources to improve the academic performance of their left-behind children.

A Study of English Learning Motivation of Left-behind Children from the Perspective of L2 Motivational Self System

A survey carried out among 286 left-behind children in a middle school through the lens of L2 Motivational Self System presents that although left-behind children possess low level of English learning motivation,they are favorably disposed towards studying English.Among the three dimensions of L2 Motivational Self System in this survey,L2 Learning Experience influences English learning motivation of left-behind children most and Ideal L2 Self with Ought-to L2 Self ranks the second in affecting their motivation.Practicalimplications are also provided.

Narration and Healing of Psychological Trauma in Chinese Left-behind Children

The problem of left-behind children appears under the background of China’s industrialization,urbanization and modernization with the deepening of its reform and opening up. From 1980s,literature began to give attention to this special phenomenon.Many writers wrote about children’s psychological trauma in alienated families and social environment,and also gave suggestions on the healing of left-behind children’ psychological trauma in their works. This paper argues that the weakening of family education,the deficiency of schooling and the low social coordination are essential factors that lead to the psychological trauma of left-behind children in rural China. Joint effort from family,school and society contribute to the healing of the trauma,among which,love,writings and speeches are effective ways.

Good Experience of Values Education Mode in the UK and the US for the "Left-behind" Children's Values Education in China

Based on the development status and development characteristics of the "left-behind" children, we analyze the current situation of the "left-behind" children's values education in China. After studying the training methods and mode of young people's values in the US and Europe, we reflect on the "left-behind" children's values education in China, and point out the following deficiencies in the "left-behind" children's values education in China: the traditional Chinese culture is at the ebb, and socialist core values have not received close attention, being developed sluggishly; the educational content is stale and the method is single; the rise of science education leads to the decline of humanities education, hindering comprehensive human development. We draw the following precious experience from the values education in the UK and the US for the "left-behind" children's values education in China: laying great emphasis on humanities education, to promote comprehensive human development; seeking and reshaping the mainstream values under plural values; giving full play to the social forces, to promote the development of the "left-behind" children's values education.

Path of Student Volunteer Organizations in Agricultural Universities for Serving Rural Left-behind Children: A Case Study of Northwest A&F University

Most volunteer organizations in universities focus their attention on urban communities and residents,but neglect rural residents.Agricultural universities have responsibilities and conditions to serve rural areas,and should bring into play their leading role. This study surveyed situations of volunteers of Northwest A&F University serving rural left-behind children,and found that there are problems including weak volunteer awareness,unstable organization members,imperfect organization construction,and lack of effect incentive mechanism. Finally,it came up four recommendations: strengthening " active service" ideological education,improving management system construction,establishing incentive mechanism,and setting up brand project,to provide feasible path for agricultural universities serving rural weak groups in a better way.

Preliminary Study on Crime Prevention of Left-behind Children in Rural China

In the process of social and economic development in China,there appears the inevitable problem of crime of left-behind children.Extensive researches and disputes prove that it is,to a greater extent,a social phenomenon resulted from social factors. It is recommended to improve the treatment of migrant workers and solve the problem of school admission for their children,provide effective legal education for those left-behind children whose problem can not be solved in a short term,and supplement the guardianship role to control the crime rate of leftbehind children. Another more effective method is to resume effective control of people's social life through the rural cultural tradition,to fundamentally prevent crime of left-behind children.

Current Situation and Mental Health and Intervention Measures of Left-behind Children

In the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China,it proposed of improving distribution and form of urbanization and strengthening urbanization management. With acceleration of the urbanization,numerous rural labors flow to cities,and the number of left-behind children becomes increasingly large,which not only increases burden of family and education,but also gives rise to many mental problems. Due to lack of family education,many left-behind children have mental,emotional and ethical disorder and problem,which creates hidden trouble for building a harmonious society and economic development. This paper analyzed current situation and factors influencing mental health of left-behind children,including family environment,grandparent upbringing,and school environment. Finally,it came up with pertinent intervention measures from changing ideas of parents,improving the relationship between parents and children,and improving mental health education of schools.

Cardiovascular involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and midterm follow-up from a pediatric tertiary center in India

BACKGROUND In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C)with coronavirus disease 2019,there was paucity of data from low-income and middle-income countries on cardiovascular involvement and its longitudinal outcomes.We planned to estimate the pattern of cardiovascular involvement among children with MIS-C and its mid-term outcomes.AIM To determine association between cardiovascular abnormalities and clinical and laboratory parameters.To study the time-line for resolution of various abnormalities.METHODS In this prospective study done in a tertiary care hospital,270 were recruited from June 2020 to January 2022.Baseline demographic data and clinical presentation were recorded.Laboratory parameters and echocardiography were done at admission.Follow-up was done at 2 weeks,3 months,6 months and 1 year after diagnosis.Descriptive statistics were used for parametric and non-parametric data.Risk factors were identified by multivariate regression analysis.RESULTS The 211(78.2%)had cardiac involvement and 102 needed intensive care unit(ICU)admission.Cardiovascular abnormalities observed were shock 123(45.6%),coronary dilatation 28(10.4%),coronary aneurysm 77(28.5%),left ventricular(LV)dysfunction 78(29.3%),mitral regurgitation(MR)77(28.5%)and pericardial effusion 98(36.3%).Coronary artery aneurysm/dilatation during follow-up at 2 weeks and 1 year were 25.7%and 0.9%respectively.Multivariate regression analysis revealed breathlessness[odds ratio(OR)=3.91,95%CI:1.25-12.21,P=0.019]and hi-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)support(OR=8.5,95%CI:1.06-68.38,P=0.044)as predictors of cardiovascular involvement.Higher mean age(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.02-1.32,P=0.026),breathlessness(OR=4.99,95%CI:2.05-12.20,P<0.001),gallop(OR=4.45,95%CI:0.41-2.52,P=0.016),MR(OR=3.61,95%CI:1.53-8.53,P=0.004)and invasive ventilation(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.28-12.58,P=0.017)were predictive of LV dysfunction.Altered sensorium(OR=4.96,95%CI:2.23-11.02,P<0.001),headache(OR=6.61,95%CI:1.46-29.92,P=0.014),HFNC(OR=7.03,95%CI:2.04-24.29,P=0.002),non-rebreathing mask usage(OR=21.13,95%CI:9.00-49.61,P<0.001)and invasive ventilation(OR=5.64,95%CI:1.42-22.45,P=0.014)were risk factors for shock.Anemia was a risk factor for coronary involvement(OR=3.09,95%CI:1.79-5.34,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Significant number of children with MIS-C had cardiovascular involvement contributing to higher ICU management.Although shock resolved quickly,resolution of ventricular function and coronary abnormalities were slower,and hence warrants a structured long-term follow-up protocol.

Research on the Influence Factors of Left-behind Children Happines

the left-behind children is appeared in our city in the process, there are many factors that influence the well-being, in this paper I conducted about the influence of left-behind children happiness questionnaire, focuses on the analysis of the influence factors from three aspects of environmental factors, personality factors and social factors. Based on the analys：is results, put forward and strengthen left-behind chi]dren well-being measures.

Research of Problems of Left-behind Children in the View of Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education is one of the most advanced educational concepts at the present time. It advocates raising the participation of children and alleviating the exclusion problems between them at the same time. Although China is a large agricultural country, under the situation of fast-growing economic development, an increasing number of adults prefer to work in big city,we call this"working fever". This situation contributes to a growing number of Left-behind children, the problem became severer. As a major receiver of basic education in China, Left-behind children may easily suffering from the problems due to their family. This violates the original intention of Inclusive Education.

乡村振兴背景下留守儿童手机阅读现状及基层图书馆应对策略

农村留守儿童手机阅读问题突出。文章综合文献研究法、访谈法与问卷调查法,通过抽查398位农村留守儿童与217位农村留守儿童家长,重点调研其手机用途认知、手机阅读目的、手机阅读内容、手机阅读时长、手机阅读方法、手机阅读方式、影响手机阅读的因素、手机阅读帮助、手机阅读服务等,并基于调研结果,提出了基层图书馆基于乡村振兴战略的应对之策:发挥基层图书馆服务留守儿童手机阅读主体作用,强化基层图书馆科学指导留守儿童手机阅读能力,创新基层图书馆留守儿童手机阅读资源与服务建设等。

脱贫地区留守儿童积极发展的理论探析与发展关注点

农村留守困境以及某些脱贫地区道德文化失调带来的各种社会风险仍然是留守儿童积极发展的重大风险因素,受到社会各方重点关注。现阶段,脱贫地区留守儿童积极发展工作中存在的问题主要表现在:理论构建层面,促进积极发展理论未能与时俱进,缺失针对不同文化背景下个体积极发展理论探讨;实践应用层面,忽视了农村社会转型过程中,一些脱贫地区道德文化失调带来的各种社会风险挑战,社会适应促进的理论研究与实践应用不能有效结合。促进农村留守儿童积极发展关注点需要侧重于以下几个方面:第一,积极构建留守儿童健康发展理论体系与实现机制;第二,从家庭、学校和社区等多个维度优化脱贫地区乡村留守儿童积极发展的外部资源;第三,注重个体心理韧性、意向性自我调节及行为的培养,优化积极发展的个体资源,开发留守儿童自身优势和潜能,减少心理问题和问题行为。

综合干预对3岁以下留守儿童看护人家庭养育实践改善效果分析

目的分析干预对改善三岁以下留守儿童看护人家庭养育实践的效果。方法儿童早期发展综合干预于2014年7月—2016年12月在晋黔两省四县80个村开展,为3岁以下留守儿童提供喂养和回应性照护的综合干预。采用类实验设计,评价干预对三岁以下留守儿童看护人家庭养育态度和实践的改善效果。分别于2013年和2016年7—9月对3岁以下儿童看护人进行基线和干预后调查,基线调查纳入干预组695对、对照组478对、干预后调查纳入干预组740对、对照组514对留守儿童看护人进行分析。采用双重差分模型估计干预效果,分析干预剂量和养育照护实践之间的关系,并控制社会人口学特征等混杂因素。结果经过2年的干预,干预组留守儿童接受回应性照护的比例从基线时的74.1%(515/695)提高到干预后的79.2%(585/739),提高了5.1%。同期内对照组进行回应性照护的比例下降了29.3%。应用双重差分模型控制混杂因素后,干预对留守儿童回应性照护有显著改善效果(OR:13.11;95%CI:7.06~25.35)。干预组留守儿童过去1个月内遭受暴力管教的比例下降了10.9%(由基线52.7%(366/695)到干预后41.8%(309/739)),对照组上升了4.4%(由基线50.0%(239/478)到干预后54.4%(279/513)),调整后OR值为0.57(95%CI:0.40~0.82)。但干预对留守儿童图书、玩具拥有率、照顾不周、看护人体罚态度未见显著效应。与低于每月一次的服务利用频次相比,1次/月~1次/周的服务利用频次与回应性照护、暴力管教发生改善有关(P<0.05)。结论综合干预可有效改善留守儿童看护人回应性照护及暴力管教实践。应保证每月至少一次的干预频次,促进看护人提供良好的养育照护实践。

留守儿童人际敏感与攻击行为的关系——留守类型和共情的调节作用

采用问卷法探讨留守儿童人际敏感与攻击行为之间的关系及留守类型和共情在其中的调节作用。结果表明:(1)留守儿童人际敏感与攻击行为之间存在显著正相关;(2)留守类型和共情均负向调节人际敏感和攻击行为之间的关系,父外留守可抑制低人际敏感儿童的攻击行为,母外留守和高共情可抑制高人际敏感儿童的攻击行为。这表明,降低留守儿童的人际敏感性,根据儿童的人际敏感程度改善亲子关系,同时提高儿童共情水平,可有效降低留守儿童的攻击性。

形塑战时新国民:情感动员与教育纪录片《第二代》

抗战时期诞生的教育纪录片《第二代》于1941年由中央电影摄影场摄制,潘孑农导演。国民党政权拍摄该片的直接目的在于利用难童形象谋求对外宣传,但若从中国共产党在革命活动中开展的情感教育工作的角度延展开去亦可以看到,左翼电影人在参与这类任务时发起情感动员的方式通常在于塑造一系列富有感召力和吸引力的银幕形象。这部《第二代》以战时的中国难童作为情感媒介,发挥了纪录片的纪实功能,刻画了保育院儿童在炮火下的成长经历,将他们塑造成了富有战斗力与奉献精神的新一代战时国民。该片作为左翼电影人在战时的官营电影机构主持的作品,表面上虽必须配合国民党政权的抗战建国方针,但实际上也通过儿童的演剧和歌唱传达出了鲜明的进步立场,将他们身上富集的情感资本转向了宣传中国共产党的抗战理念。该片构筑了许多汇聚情感力量与革命认同的景观,以儿童为艺术代表宣告了一种新兴政治主体的诞生。

Serum brain natriuretic peptide in children with Kawasaki disease

BACKGROUND： Kawasaki disease （KD） is a common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Recent studies have focused on the biochemical markers of the myocardium, their high sensitivity and specificity and significance in the diagnosis of KD. This study aimed to determine the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and its relation with the heart function of children with KD and to explore its clinical value in diagnosis of KD.METHODS： Forty-three KD children, aged from 5 months to 8 years （mean 2.3±0.6 years ）, were admitted to Qingdao Children＇s Hospital from February 2007 to April 2009. Among them 27 were male, and 16 female. The 43 patients served as a KD group. Patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart diseases were excluded. Thirty healthy children, aged from 3 months to 15 years （mean 2.5±0.8 years） or 17 males and 13 females served as a control group. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups （P〉0.05）. In the KD group, ELISAwas used to measure the levels of serum BNP in acute and convalescent stages; and in the control group, the levels of serum BNP were measured once randomly. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular shorten fraction （LVSF）, cardiac index （CI） and left ventricular inflow velocity through the mitral annulus （including E-velocity and A-velocity） were measured by two- dimensional echocardiography in the acute and convalescent stages in the KD group. All data were expressed as mean±SD. The methods of analysis included Student＇s t test and the linear regression analysis test. P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS： The level of serum BNP in the acute stage （517.26±213.40） ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the convalescent stage （91.56±47.97） ng/ml in the control group （37.55±7.56） ng/ ml （P〈0.01）. The levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage （P〈0.05）, but the E/A level was not significantly different between the acute and convalescent stages （P〉0.05）. Linear regression analysis showed that the BNP level was negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and C1（r=-0.63, -0.52, -0.53, P〈0.05） , but not significantly correlated with the E/A level （r=-0.18, P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： The levels of serum BNP are significantly increased in KD patients, and are negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF, and CI. The detection of serum BNP level is of clinical significance in the diagnosis of KD.

农村留守儿童教育政策的演变逻辑

农村留守儿童是我国城市化进程中产生的特殊群体,党和政府为此陆续出台了一系列政策,不断完善留守儿童关爱服务机制。我国留守儿童政策经历了萌芽期(1996—2007年)、形成期(2007—2016年)和深化期(2016年至今)三个阶段。留守儿童政策制定有其内在逻辑,从关注留守儿童基本教育保障到关心弱势群体教育,维护教育公平,再到促进教育脱贫与实现乡村振兴,政策制定的立意持续深化,内容不断丰富,成效日益突出。政府应进一步完善寄宿制学校新型教育模式,设置留守儿童专项经济资助经费,进一步健全社会关爱体系,构建留守儿童社会情感能力评价机制,确保农村留守儿童健康成长。

互联网使用对低龄留守儿童自我管理能力影响的门槛效应研究

基于湖北省8县(区)3791名小学生调查,从互联网使用条件、使用偏好和使用时长等维度探讨了互联网使用对低龄留守儿童自我管理能力的影响。研究发现,互联网使用条件对低龄留守儿童自我管理能力没有显著影响,互联网使用偏好和时长对低龄留守儿童自我管理能力有显著影响,儿童上网学习时长对儿童自我管理能力有显著的门槛效应。因此,应合理引导低龄儿童互联网使用偏好,规范互联网使用时间和上网学习时间以增进留守儿童信息素养;全方位关心支持低龄留守儿童身心健康发展,减少其网络依赖,提升低龄留守儿童自我管理能力。

社会投资视角下农村留守儿童社会支持政策的反思与构建

“以儿童为中心”的社会投资战略已成为发达国家社会政策的新趋向。因城镇化巨大的虹吸效应,农村传统差序格局下以血缘、地缘为主的先赋性儿童照料资源日趋消解,农村留守家庭劳动力再生产能力不足,以“农村留守儿童关爱体系”为主要内容的社会政策进入公共政策领域。然而,从社会投资的视角来看,我国农村留守儿童政策尚缺乏“支持家庭”“多元共治”等理念,“事后补缺型”的制度设计难以满足农村留守儿童和家庭的发展性需求,可能会通过降低未来人力资本增加贫困代际传递的风险。要实现“社会救助”向“社会投资”的理念转变,应以提升农村留守儿童及其家庭发展能力为根本,从导致亲子分离的制度根源入手,利用服务供给、时间补偿等“支持家庭”手段,构建政府、家庭、社会等“多中心协同治理”的社会支持体系,为农村留守儿童及其家庭提供普惠性的公共资源,以切断先赋性弱势与“留守事件”的链接机制。