Three-dimensional printing for preoperative rehearsal and intraoperative navigation during laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery with left colic artery preservation

BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that preserving the left colic artery(LCA)during laparo-scopic radical resection for rectal cancer(RC)can reduce the occurrence of anasto-motic leakage(AL),without compromising oncological outcomes.However,anatomical variations in the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery(IMA)and LCA present significant surgical challenges.In this study,we present our novel three dimensional(3D)printed IMA model designed to facilitate preoperative rehearsal and intraoperative navigation to analyze its impact on surgical safety.AIM To investigate the effect of 3D IMA models on preserving the LCA during RC surgery.METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical dates from patients with RC who underwent laparoscopic radical resection from January 2022 to May 2024 at Fuyang People’s Hospital.Patients were divided into the 3D printing and control groups for sta-tistical analysis of perioperative characteristics.RESULTS The 3D printing observation group comprised of 72 patients,while the control group comprised 68 patients.The operation time(174.5±38.2 minutes vs 198.5±49.6 minutes,P=0.002),intraoperative blood loss(43.9±31.3 mL vs 58.2±30.8 mL,P=0.005),duration of hospitalization(13.1±3.1 days vs 15.9±5.6 days,P<0.001),postoperative recovery time(8.6±2.6 days vs 10.5±4.9 days,P=0.007),and the postoperative complication rate(P<0.05)were all significantly lower in the observation group.CONCLUSION Utilization of a 3D-printed IMA model in laparoscopic radical resection of RC can assist surgeons in understanding the LCA anatomy preoperatively,thereby reducing intraoperative bleeding and shortening operating time,demonstrating better clinical application potential.

Different treatment strategies and molecular features between right-sided and left-sided colon cancers

The colon is derived from the embryological midgut and hindgut separately,with the right colon and left colon having different features with regards to both anatomical and physiological characteristics.Cancers located in the right and left colon are referred to as right colon cancer(RCC) and left colon cancer(LCC),respectively,based on their apparent anatomical positions.Increasing evidence supports the notion that not only are there differences in treatment strategies when dealing with RCC and LCC,but molecular features also vary between them,not to mention the distinguishing clinical manifestations.Disease-free survival after radical surgery of both RCC and LCC are similar.In the treatment of RCC,the benefit gained from adjuvant FOLFIRI chemotherapy is superior,or at least similar,to LCC,but inferior to LCC if FOLFOX regimen is applied.On the other hand,metastatic LCC exhibits longer survival than that of RCC in a palliative chemotherapy setting.For KRAS wild-type cancers,LCC benefits more from cetuximab treatment than RCC.Moreover,advanced LCC shows a higher sensitivity to bevacizumab treatment in comparison with advanced RCC.Significant varieties exist at the molecular level between RCC and LCC,which may serve as the cause of all apparent differences.With respect to carcinogenesis mechanisms,RCC is associated with known gene types,such as MMR,KRAS,BRAF,and mi RNA-31,while LCC is associated with CIN,p53,NRAS,mi RNA-146 a,mi RNA-147 b,and mi RNA-1288.Regarding protein expression,RCC is related to GNAS,NQO1,telomerase activity,P-PDH,and annexin A10,while LCC is related to Topo I,TS,and EGFR.In addition,separated pathways dominate progressionto relapse in RCC and LCC.Therefore,RCC and LCC should be regarded as two heterogeneous entities,with this heterogeneity being used to stratify patients in order for them to have the optimal,current,and novel therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.Additional research is needed to uncover further differences between RCC and LCC.

Vascular anatomy of inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic radical resection with the preservation of left colic artery for rectal cancer

AIM To investigate the vascular anatomy of inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) in laparoscopic radical resection with the preservation of left colic artery(LCA) for rectal cancer. METHODS A total of 110 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgical resection with preservation of the LCA were retrospectively reviewed. A 3 D vascular reconstruction was performed before each surgical procedure to assess the branches of the IMA. During surgery, the relationship among the IMA, LCA, sigmoid artery(SA) andsuperior rectal artery(SRA) was evaluated, and the length from the origin of the IMA to the point of branching into the LCA or common trunk of LCA and SA was measured. The relationship between inferior mesenteric vein(IMV) and LCA was also evaluated.RESULTS Three vascular types were identified in this study. In type A, LCA arose independently from IMA(46.4%, n = 51); in type B, LCA and SA branched from a common trunk of the IMA(23.6%, n = 26); and in type C, LCA, SA, and SRA branched at the same location(30.0%, n = 33). The difference in the length from the origin of IMA to LCA was not statistically significant among the three types. LCA was located under the IMV in 61 cases and above the IMV in 49 cases. CONCLUSION The vascular anatomy of the IMA and IMV is essential for laparoscopic radical resection with preservation of the LCA for rectal cancer. To recognize different branches of the IMA is necessary for the resection of lymph nodes and dissection of vessels.

Intertwined leukocyte balances in tumours and peripheral blood as robust predictors of right and left colorectal cancer survival

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)accounts for 9.4%of overall cancer deaths,ranking second after lung cancer.Despite the large number of factors tested to predict their outcome,most patients with similar variables show big differences in survival.Moreover,right-sided CRC(RCRC)and left-sided CRC(LCRC)patients exhibit large differences in outcome after surgical intervention as assessed by preoperative blood leukocyte status.We hypothesised that stronger indexes than circulating(blood)leukocyte ratios to predict RCRC and LCRC patient outcomes will result from combining both circulating and infiltrated(tumour/peritumour fixed tissues)concentrations of leukocytes.AIM To seek variables involving leukocyte balances in peripheral blood and tumour tissues and to predict the outcome of CRC patients.METHODS Sixty-five patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma by the Digestive Surgery Service of the La Paz University Hospital(Madrid,Spain)were enrolled in this study:43 with RCRC and 22 with LCRC.Patients were followed-up from January 2017 to March 2021 to record overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)after surgical interventions.Leukocyte concentrations in peripheral blood were determined by routine laboratory protocols.Paraffin-fixed samples of tumour and peritumoural tissues were assessed for leukocyte concentrations by immunohistochemical detection of CD4,CD8,and CD14 marker expression.Ratios of leukocyte concentration in blood and tissues were calculated and evaluated for their predictor values for OS and RFS with Spearman correlations and Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression,followed by the calculation of the receiver-operating characteristic and area under the curve(AUC)and the determination of Youden’s optimal cutoff values for those variables that significantly correlated with either RCRC or LCRC patient outcomes.RCRC patients from the cohort were randomly assigned to modelling and validation sets,and clinician-friendly nomograms were developed to predict OS and RFS from the respective significant indexes.The accuracy of the model was evaluated using calibration and validation plots.RESULTS The relationship of leukocyte ratios in blood and peritumour resulted in six robust predictors of worse OS in RCRC:CD8+lymphocyte content in peritumour(CD8pt,AUC=0.585,cutoff<8.250,P=0.0077);total lymphocyte content in peritumour(CD4CD8pt,AUC=0.550,cutoff<10.160,P=0.0188);lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in peritumour(LMRpt,AUC=0.807,cutoff<3.185,P=0.0028);CD8+LMR in peritumour(CD8MRpt,AUC=0.757,cutoff<1.650,P=0.0007);the ratio of blood LMR to LMR in peritumour(LMRb/LMRpt,AUC=0.672,cutoff>0.985,P=0.0244);and the ratio of blood LMR to CD8+LMR in peritumour(LMRb/CD8MRpt,AUC=0.601,cutoff>1.485,P=0.0101).In addition,three robust predictors of worse RFS in RCRC were found:LMRpt(AUC=0.737,cutoff<3.185,P=0.0046);LMRb/LMRpt(AUC=0.678,cutoff>0.985,P=0.0155)and LMRb/CD8MRpt(AUC=0.615,cutoff>1.485,P=0.0141).Furthermore,the ratio of blood LMR to CD4+LMR in peritumour(LMRb/CD4MRpt,AUC=0.786,cutoff>10.570,P=0.0416)was found to robustly predict poorer OS in LCRC patients.The nomograms showed moderate accuracy in predicting OS and RFS in RCRC patients,with concordance index of 0.600 and 0.605,respectively.CONCLUSION Easily obtainable variables at preoperative consultation,defining the status of leukocyte balances between peripheral blood and peritumoural tissues,are robust predictors for OS and RFS of both RCRC and LCRC patients.

Right-and left-sided colorectal cancers respond differently to traditional Chinese medicine

AIM To explore the differences in the responses of left-sided colorectal cancer(LSCRC) and right-sided colon cancer(RSCC) to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS Patients with postoperative stage I-III colorectal cancer(CRC) were enrolled and divided into the LSCRC with or without TCM and RSCC with or without TCM groups depending on the primary tumor side and TCM administration. Patients in the TCM group were given TCM for at least 6 mo. Our research adopted diseasefree survival(DFS) as the primary endpoint. We applied a Cox proportional hazards regression model for the multivariate factor analysis using Stata 12.0 and SPSS 22.0 software for data analysis.RESULTS Of the 817 patients included in our study, 617 had LSCRC(TCM group, n = 404; Non-TCM group, n = 213), and 200 had RSCC(TCM group, n = 132; NonTCM group, n = 68). The 6-year DFS for patients with LSCRC was 56.95% in the TCM group and 41.50% in the Non-TCM group(P = 0.000). For patients with RSCC, the 6-year DFS was 52.92% in the TCM group and 37.19% in the Non-TCM group(P = 0.003). Differences between LSCRC and RSCC were not statistically significant regardless of TCM ingestion.CONCLUSION Patients with either LSCRC or RSCC and who took TCM experienced longer DFS; furthermore, patients with RSCC benefited more from TCM in DFS.

Comparative Dosimetric Study for Treating Left Sided Breast Cancer Using Three Different Radiotherapy Techniques:Tangential Wedged Fields, Forward Planned Segmented Filed, and IP-IMRT

Background: Radiation therapy should not only be directed to improve the local control, which has a survival benefit, but also should be directed to minimize the risk of complications, which may develop in critical organs. Several studies have reported that field-in-field (FiF) radiotherapy technique improves the dose homogeneity, decreases doses to lungs, heart and contralateral breast compared with conventional wedged technique. Purpose: compare the dosimetry for the left breast cancer radiotherapy using three different radiotherapy techniques, tangential wedged fields (TW), segmented field (FiF) and inverse planning IMRT (IP-IMRT). Material and Methods: Twenty patients have undergone left breast-conservative surgery and received a prescribed dose of 50 Gy/25 fractions. Results: The mean PTV receiving >105% (V105) dose was1.75% for IP-IMRT, 2.03% for FiF, and 4.82% for TW. The mean V95% was 92.1% for TW, 96% for FiF, and 95.1% for IP-IMRT;these differences regarding V105% and V95% are statistically significant through paired comparison between FiF vs TW and IP-IMRT vs TW, with no statistically significant difference between FiF and IP-IMRT. Better conformity and homogeneity indices for FiF and IMRT compared to TW with statistical significant difference. Regarding organs at risk, left lung and heart have higher values of V5, V10, and V20 for IP-IMRT compared to TW and FiF;the differences are statistically significant, lower coronary artery regionV30 vules for IPIMRT compared to TW and FiF but no difference in the Dmean between IPIMRT and FIF. FiF and TW decrease the contralateral breast dose significantly compared to IP IMRT. Conclusion: FiF technique is an efficient and reliable method for achieving a uniform dose throughout the whole breast resulting in improved coverage, sparing of organs at risk and reduction of acute and late toxicities.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is positively correlated with the autophagy level in colon cancer

BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 9(CDK9)expression and autophagy in colorectal cancer(CRC)tissues has not been widely studied.CDK9,a key regulator of transcription,may influence the occurrence and progression of CRC.The expression of auto-phagy-related genes BECN1 and drug resistance factor ABCG2 may also play a role in CRC.Under normal physiological conditions,autophagy can inhibit tumorigenesis,but once a tumor forms,autophagy may promote tumor growth.Therefore,understanding the relationship between autophagy and cancer,partic-ularly how autophagy promotes tumor growth after its formation,is a key motivation for this research.AIM To investigate the relationship between CDK9 expression and autophagy in CRC,assess differences in autophagy between left and right colon cancer,and analyze the associations of autophagy-related genes with clinical features and prognosis.METHODS We collected tumor tissues and paracarcinoma tissues from colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to observe the level of autophagy in tissues with high levels of CDK9 and low levels of CDK9.We also collected primary tissue from left and right colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to compare the autophagy levels and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 in the tumor and paracarcinoma tissues.RESULTS The incidence of autophagy and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 were different in left and right colon cancer,and autophagy might be involved in the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance.Further analysis of the rela-tionship between the expression of autophagy-related genes CDK9,ABCG2,and BECN1 and the clinical features and prognosis of colorectal cancer showed that the high expression of CDK9 indicated a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.CONCLUSION This study laid the foundation for further research on the combination of CDK9 inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of patients with CRC.

Right and Left Colon Cancer: Clinico-Pathological Features and Treatment Results (South Egypt Cancer Institute Experience)

Background: Colon cancer (CC) ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide and is considered the second leading cause of cancer death. Recently, many international studies have made the observation that right and left colon cancer have many significant differences regarding clinico-pathological characteristics and primary tumor location has a crucial impact on treatment outcomes and overall survival. Our study was conducted to verify the presence of significant differences between right and left colon cancer. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study which aimed at comparing right and left colon cancer as regards clinico-pathological data and treatment results among patients with colon cancer receiving treatment at South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) during the period from 1/2008 to 12/2018. A sample size of 160 cases of colon cancer patients (80 diagnosed as right colon cancer and 80 diagnosed as left colon cancer) was randomly selected from our South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI)’s tumor registry. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program version 20. Difference was considered statistically significant at P-value < 0.05. Survival curves were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier methods and were compared with the log-rank test. Results: Right colon cancer occurred at an older age and was more commonly presented with abdominal pain while left colon cancer was more commonly presented with bleeding manifestations. More cases of the right side underwent curative surgeries whereas more palliative surgeries were performed to left-sided cases. Left sided cases were associated with a more advanced stage at diagnosis while right-sided cases were associated with a better response to first-line chemotherapy. More cases of the left side died due to metastatic disease. On the other hand, our findings demonstrated no differences between both sides regarding gender predilection, risk factors, sites of metastases, number of metastatic organs, histo-pathological examination and grading, response to second- or third-line chemotherapy, chemotherapy toxicity (hematological or non-hematological), overall survival, progression-free survival, or disease-free survival. Conclusion: Primary tumor location of colon cancer has a significant effect on clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Resection of Lung Cancer with Left Atrium Extension via the Pulmonary Vein: Case Report

A 49-year-old man had an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an 8-cm diameter right lung mass invading the right chest wall, with a tumor thrombus extending from the superior pulmonary vein into the left atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the tumor adjoined the side wall of the atrium. Endobronchial and CT-guided needle biopsy demonstrated a low-grade carcinoma or small cell carcinoma. Operative findings through left atriotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass showed no tumor invasion of the atrium wall, but protrusion through the pulmonary vein. Frozen sections revealed a non-small cell carcinoma. We performed right upper lobectomy with parietal pleura and mediastinal lymph node dissection after detachment of cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological examination demonstrated a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma p-T4N0M0, stage IIIA. The patient recovered without postoperative complications and tolerated two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. He was doing well without symptoms of recurrence 42 months after surgery.

Evaluation of 3D-CRT and VMAT Radiotherapy Plans for Left Breast Cancer with Regional Lymph Nodes Irradiation

Introduction: Radiation therapy after breast surgery is an integral part of the treatment of early breast cancer. The goal of radiation therapy is to achieve the best possible coverage of the planning target volume (PTV), while reducing the dose to organs at risk (OARs) which are normal tissues whose sensitivity to irradiation could cause damage that can lead to modification of the treatment plan. In the last decade, radiation oncologist started to use the Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for irradiating the breast, in order to achieve better dose distribution and target dose to the PTV and OAR. The aim of this study is to compare 2 external radiotherapy techniques (VMAT vs 3D) for patients with node-positive left breast cancer. Patients and Methods: We randomly selected 10 cases of postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer in our hospital. The patients are all female, the average age was 45.4 years old, and the primary lesions are left breast. The ANOVA test was used to compare the mean difference between subgroups, and the p value Results: Dose volume histogram (DVH) was used to analyze each evaluation dose of clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs). Compared to 3DCRT plans, VMAT provided more uniform coverage to the breast and regional lymph nodes. The max point dose for tVMAT was lower on average (106.4% for VMAT versus 109% for 3DCRT). OAR sparing was improved with tVMAT, with a lower average V17Gy for the left lung (27.91% for VMAT versus 30.04% for 3DCRT, p and lower for V28Gy (13.75% for VMAT versus 22.34% for 3DCRT, p = 0.01). We also found a lower V35Gy for the heart on VMAT plan (p = 0.02). On the contrary, dose of contralateral breast was lower in 3DCRT than VMAT (0.59 Gy vs 3.65 Gy, p = 0.00). Conclusion: The both types of plans can meet the clinical dosimetry demands of postoperative radiotherapy for left breast cancer. The VMAT plan has a better conformity, but 3CDRT can provide a lower dose to the contralateral organs (breast and lung) to avoid the risk of secondary cancers.

Comparison of Clinicopathological and Survival Features of Right and Left Colon Cancers: Experience of the Medical Oncology Department of Fez

Right-sided colon cancers (RCC) and left-sided colon cancers (LCC) have different epidemiological, physiological, pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics, which result in differences in the course, prognosis, and outcome of disease. The objective of our study is to compare right-sided colon cancers and left-sided colon cancers regarding clinicopathological and survival characteristics. This is a retrospective study of 664 patients with colon cancer treated at the medical oncology department of Fez over a period from December 2009 to September 2020. Rectosigmoid, descending colon, and splenic flexure tumors were considered left-sided colon cancers, whereas ascending colon tumors were considered right-sided colon cancers. The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate median survival. The study included 664 patients (female, 47%) having colon cancer with a median age of 60 years (23 - 83). Of the patients, 78.5% (n = 519) had LCC and 19.36 % (n = 128) had RCC. The rate of patients aged ≥ 65 years and the rate of patients with a family history of colon cancer was higher in the LCC patients. The proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas represented 3%, of which 63% had cancer of the right colon. There was a significantly higher proportion of higher T stage (T3-4: 62% vs 38%) in right sided tumors as compared to left sided tumors. The rate of metastatic patients was 64.1% in the RCC group and 43% in the LCC group. The median follow-up period was 14 months in the RCC group and 19 months in the LCC group with higher median overall survival in the LCC group (32 vs 21 months). We found histopathological differences between right and left sided colon cancer. Tumors on the right colon were found to be more aggressive, as expressed by poorer differentiation, higher T stage associated with a median overall survival better in left colon cancer.

Current surgical treatment for bile duct cancer

Since extrahepatic bile duct cancer is difficult to diagnose and to cure, a safe and radical surgical strategy is needed. In this review, the modes of infiltration and spread of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and surgical strategy are discussed. Extended hemihepatectomy, with or without pancreatoduodenectomy （PD）, plus extrahepatic bile duct resection and regional lyrnphadenectomy has recently been recognized as the standard curative treatment for hilar bile duct cancer. On the other hand, PD is the choice of treatment for middle and distal bile duct cancer. Major hepatectomy concomitant with PD （hepatopancreatoduodenectomy） has been applied to selected patients with widespread tumors. Preoperative biliary drainage （BD） followed by portal vein embolization （PVE） enables major hepatectomy in patients with hilar bile duct cancer without mortality. BD should be performed considering the surgical procedure, especially, in patients with separated intrahepatic bile ducts caused by hilar bile duct cancer. Right or left trisectoriectomy are indicated according to the tumor spread and biliary anatomy. As a result, extended radical resection offers a chance for cure of hilar bile duct cancer with improved resectability, curability, and a 5-year survival rate of 40%. A 5-year survival rate has ranged from 24% to 39% after PD for middle and distal bile duct cancer.

Preoperative colonic stents vs emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: meta-analysis with systematic review of the literature

AIM To investigate by meta-analytic study and systematic review, advantages of colonic stent placement in comparison with emergency surgery.METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search by PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and the Cochrane Libraries. We searched for all the papers in English published till February 2016, by applying combinations of the following terms: Obstructive colon cancer, colon cancer in emergency, colorectal stenting, emergency surgery for colorectal cancer, guidelines for obstructive colorectal cancer, stenting vs emergency surgery in the treatment of obstructive colorectal cancer, selfexpanding metallic stents, stenting as bridge to surgery. The study was designed following the PrismaStatement. By our search, we identified 452 studies, and 57 potentially relevant studies in full-text were reviewed by 2 investigators; ultimately, 9 randomized controlled trials were considered for meta-analysis and all the others were considered for systematic review.RESULTS In the meta-analysis, by comparing colonic stenting(CS) as bridge to surgery and emergency surgery, the pooled analysis showed no significant difference between the two techniques in terms of mortality [odds ratio(oR) = 0.91], morbidity(oR = 2.38) or permanent stoma rate(oR = 1.67); primary anastomosis was more frequent in the stent group(oR = 0.45; P = 0.004) and stoma creation was more frequent in the emergency surgery group(oR = 2.36; P = 0.002). No statistical difference was found in disease-free survival and overall survival. The pooled analysis showed a significant difference between the colonic stent and emergency surgery groups(oR = 0.37), with a significantly higher 1-year recurrence rate in the stent group(P = 0.007).CONCLUSION CS improves primary anastomosis rate with significantly high 1-year follow-up recurrence and no statistical difference in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival.

Clinical significance of aberrant left hepatic artery during gastrectomy:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Vascular variations are frequently encountered during surgery.Approximately thirty percent of these variations are aberrant left hepatic arteries originating from the left gastric artery.AIM To summarize the safety and feasibility of aberrant left hepatic arteries(ALHA)ligation in gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy(LAG).METHODS The literature search was systematically performed on databases including Pub Med,Embase,and Cochrane Library.The publishing date of eligible studies was from inception to June 2021.RESULTS A total of nine studies were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this review.The variation rate of ALHA ranged from 7.00%to 20.70%,and four studies compared the differences between the ALHA ligation group and the preservation group.Only one study showed worse postoperative outcomes in the ALHA ligation group.In all the included studies,a significant difference was found between the ALHA ligation group and the preservation group in terms of postoperative liver enzymes after LAG.However,there was no significant difference in the number of retrieved lymph nodes between the two groups.CONCLUSION In conclusion,it is not always safe and feasible for surgeons to ligate the ALHA during LAG surgery,and it is necessary for gastric cancer patients to undergo preoperative examination to clarify the ALHA subtypes,measure the diameter of the ALHA,and determine whether the patients have chronic liver disease.

Long Term Follow-Up of Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Case Report

Background: Cardiac toxicity is currently defined as a symptomatic decrease in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of more than 5% or an asymptomatic decrease of at least 10% to a value of under 50% in repeated evaluations on conventional transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), as well as a Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) value Aims: To highlight using GLS rather than modified Simpson 2D-LVEF for the evaluation of long-term cardiotoxicity. Case Presentation: The case concerns a 73-year-old female patient with a history of breast cancer chemotherapy and anthracyclines-based therapy who presented symptoms of late cardiac toxicity related to the chemotherapeutic treatment. In the following years, the patient remained asymptomatic with a 2D-LVEF of 48%, dilation of the left atrium was found, and the reservoir phase strain was severely decreased. Conclusion: The preferred method for evaluating cardiovascular complications associated with chemotherapy is the TTE, which is performed prior to the start of treatment, during therapy, and in the follow-up. Myocardial deformation as a predictor of cardiotoxicity allows the identification of subclinical heart failure.

超声心肌做功评价乳腺癌患者化疗后局部心肌功能的改变

目的探讨超声心肌做功评价乳腺癌患者化疗后局部心肌功能的改变。方法选取2021年9月至2022年10月于我院肿瘤外科就诊的27例女性乳腺浸润性癌患者作为病例组,同期选取我院体检中心行健康查体的30名女性作为对照组。化疗前(T_(0))、化疗2周期后(T_(1))、化疗4周期后(T_(2))病例组和对照组均接受超声心动图检查。比较两组的二维超声参数、四维左室容积定量分析技术(4D-LVQ)参数、左室整体心肌应变(GLS)参数;分析心肌做功“牛眼图”。结果病例组T_(1)、T_(2)的左室射血分数(LVEF)与T_(0)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例组T_(2)的整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)、整体做功效率(GWE)及GLS低于T_(0),整体无用功(GWW)大于T_(0)(P<0.05)。病例组T_(2)的基底段、中间段、心尖段心肌做功指数(MWI-B、MWI-M、MWI-AP)和基底段、中间段、心尖段心肌做功效率(MWE-B、MWE-M、MWE-AP)低于T_(0)(P<0.05)。对照组与病例组T_(0)、T_(1)及T_(2)的MWI和MWE表现为自心底向心尖增大。结论无创心肌做功早于容积变化,心肌做功“牛眼图”可以评价早期乳腺癌患者化疗后局部心肌功能。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中左侧入路法与托出式胰后入路法治疗进展期近端胃癌的疗效

目的研究腹腔镜胃癌根治术中左侧入路法与托出式胰后入路法在治疗进展期近端胃癌中的疗效。方法回顾性分析106例行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的进展期近端胃癌患者临床资料,根据患者手术入路方式,将其分为左侧入路组(n=46)与托出式胰后入路组(n=60),比较2组围术期相关指标,随访1年,绘制生存曲线,比较2组术后生存情况。结果托出式胰后入路组患者手术时间短于左侧入路组,术中出血量少于左侧入路组,淋巴结清扫个数多于左侧入路组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组切口长度、引流管拔除时间、营养管时间、术后肛门首次排气时间、开始流质饮食时间、术后首次下床活动时间以及术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。托出胰后入路组与左侧入路组患者术后1年生存时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与腹腔镜下左侧入路相比,托出式胰后入路手术操作更为简单,能有效缩短手术时间,控制术中出血量,但2种术式对进展期近端胃癌患者近期疗效及远期生存情况的影响相似。

左侧后入路和右侧前入路腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效比较

目的:比较右侧前入路和左侧后入路腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:选择2022年1月—2024年1月在福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院进行手术治疗的80例胃癌患者作为研究对象,按手术方式不同分为试验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。所有患者均实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术,试验组采用右侧前入路,对照组采用左侧后入路。比较两组手术和康复指标(手术用时、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、住院总时长和术后排气时间)、胃肠功能评分、血清炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]与癌胚抗原(CEA)水平及术后3个月内并发症(切口感染、肺部感染、肠梗阻和术后胃瘫)发生情况。结果:试验组手术用时、术中出血量、住院总时长和术后排气时间优于对照组,淋巴结清扫数量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组胃肠功能评分及血清炎症因子、CEA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后7 d,两组胃肠功能评分较术前下降,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 d,两组hs-CRP、IL-6水平较治疗前升高,但试验组低于对照组,两组CEA水平较术前降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组术后3个月内并发症发生率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较于左侧后入路腹腔镜胃癌根治术,右侧前入路腹腔镜胃癌根治术具有许多方面的优势,包括手术视野开阔、淋巴结清扫彻底、炎症因子水平更低、术中损伤更少、术后恢复速度更快,可以提高整体治疗效果和促进患者更快康复。

基于内缘切线拉弧的VMAT在左侧乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中的应用

目的:探究左侧乳腺癌保乳术后基于内缘切线拉弧的容积调强放疗(volumetric modulated arc therapy,VMAT)与常规切线拉弧的VMAT的剂量学差异,挖掘VMAT技术在乳腺癌保乳术后更大的获益,为乳腺癌保乳术后VMAT计划设计提供更多的参考和数据支持。方法:回顾性选取30例左侧乳腺癌保乳术后行调强放疗的患者,为每位患者分别设计常规切线拉弧(conventional tangential arc,CTA)和内缘切线拉弧(inner edge tangentialarc,IETA)两组VMAT计划。统计两组计划的靶区适形度指数(conformity index,CI)、均匀性指数(homogeneity index,HI)、机器跳数、危及器官受照剂量等数据,并进行数据分析。结果:靶区适形性指数(CI)CTA组和IETA组分别为0.86±0.02和0.87±0.02(P<0.05),D_(98)、D_(50)、D_(2)、均匀性指数(HI)和机器跳数均无明显差异(P>0.05);IETA组危及器官左肺V_(5)、V_(10)、V_(20)、V_(30)、V_(40)、D_(mean),右肺V_(5)、D_(mean),心脏V_(5)、V_(10)、V_(20)、D_(mean)均低于CTA组(P<0.05),其中左肺V_(5)和V_(20)CTA组和IETA组分别为37.18±7.18 vs 34.32±6.43、11.00±2.40 vs 9.65±2.17;右肺D_(mean)和心脏D_(mean)CTA组和IETA组分别为302.26±42.78 vs 273.50±26.62,479.30±60.08 vs 442.39±140.92,IETA组均低于CTA组;两组右侧乳腺D_(mean)相差甚微(P>0.05)。结论:两种计划均能满足临床要求,但IETA的VMAT靶区适形度明显提高,同时还显著降低了左肺、右肺、心脏和脊髓的受量。因此,左侧乳腺癌保乳术后基于内缘切线拉弧VMAT可实现靶区和危及器官更大的获益,值得推荐。

解剖系膜法在胸腔镜食管癌左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中的应用

目的:对比解剖系膜法和传统方法在胸腔镜食管癌左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中的效果、并发症及愈合。方法:收集2017年1月—2018年6月在南京医科大学第一附属医院行胸腔镜联合食管癌根治术(Mckeown术式)患者168例,其中解剖系膜法行左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫100例,传统手术方法68例,对比2种淋巴结清扫方法患者手术资料、围手术期并发症等,Cox回归分析左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫方式是否为影响食管癌患者无病生存期(disease⁃free survival,DFS)的独立危险因素。结果:两组患者手术时间[(191.5±19.6)min vs(.197.2±16.7)min]、平均住院时间[(12.5±2.4)d vs(.12.1±2.1)d]、术中出血量[(138.8±52.4)mL vs(.132.7±43.3)mL]等差异无统计学意义,改良组左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫数量较传统方式明显增多[(2.93±1.19)个vs(.2.57±0.98)个,P=0.036],而喉返神经损伤比例明显降低(2%vs.13%,P=0.010)。多因素Cox回归分析提示,左侧喉返神经链淋巴结清扫方式、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度是影响食管癌生存期的独立危险因素(P=0.012、0.037、0.045)。结论:解剖系膜法清扫左喉返神经链淋巴结可明显降低食管癌手术后并发症,有效提高食管癌术后无病生存期,解剖系膜法在左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中具有较大应用价值。