太原地区不同职业人群军团菌感染状况及影响因素分析

采用酶联免疫吸附测定法对太原地区不同职业人群进行 9种 15型军团菌IgG抗体的检测。用非条件Logistic回归模型及多元逐步回归分析的方法对不同职业人群军团菌感染的相关因素进行了多因素分析。结果显示煤矿职工军团菌IgG抗体阳性率最高 (36 .7% ) ,小学生最低 (13 .2 4% )。频繁参加建筑及农业劳动、慢性疾患、吸烟及年龄可增加军团菌感染的危险性 ,而文化程度及住宿面积与军团菌感染呈负联系。

Legionella and legionnaires' disease: An overview

Legionellosis is the generic term used to describe infections caused by different varieties of Legionella spp.,including Legionnaires'disease(LD),a severe and potentially fatal form of pneumonia,and Pontiac fever,a self-limited flu-like illness.Legionellosis is usually acquired through inhalation or aspiration of aerosols containing Legionella spp.These bacteria can cause acute consolidating pneumonia in susceptible patients who are at an advanced age,have underlying debilitating diseases,or are immunodeficient.The main natural reservoir for Legionella is water and this pathogen colonizes many different natural and man-made freshwater environments such as water networks,cooling towers,and water systems in buildings and hospitals.In recent years,various laboratory diagnostic tests for Legionella infections have changed significantly.Although the sequencing method is nowadays considered the fastest and most reliable method for differentiation and detection of different Legionella species,the isolation of these bacteria from clinical specimens is the golden standard for diagnosis of Legionnaires'disease.Today the urinary antigen test as the most rapid and inexpensive method is routinely used for diagnosis of LD caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.The macrolides and fluoroquinolones are still the mainstays for the treatment of Legionella infections.For the prevention of spreading the contaminated water aerosols and controlling Legionella infections,an effective water treatment procedure is necessary.This review describs and summarizes the latest available information about all aspects of Legionella and Legionnaires'disease.

军团杆菌病影像诊断分析研究

本文对新近的4例LD(有CT—X片对照),结合原报道的2例和文献复习,进行影像诊断分析研究,进一步阐述本病的一些特点:LD的肺实质浸润往往呈进行性改变,提示胸部影像表现的严重程度与临床结果不相关,胸部病灶吸收缓慢,且不完全,常有残留病变,如胸腔积液或胸膜增厚,不规则小片影,肺不张等:游离性胸腔积液或胸膜反应为常见伴随征象,包裹性积液提示混合感染;空洞为免疫抑制患者的显著特点;本组及文献报道均未见淋巴结肿大。

肺部感染78例血清嗜肺军团菌抗体测定

本文应用微量凝集试验(MAT)对我院78例肺部感染患者进行了嗜肺军团菌血清杭体的测定,结果表明本地区确有嗜肺军团杆菌感染,以LP_6为多见。并与本地区同期无呼吸道感染的正常人嗜肺军团菌血清抗体测定结果对比发现两者阳性率无明显差别(P>0.05)

新疆昌吉农村居民嗜肺军团菌病血清流行病学研究

应用 ELISA 法检测1881名新疆昌吉农村10岁以上居民血清 LP_1～LP_8IgG、LPIgG 阳性率为6.9%;LP_1～LP_8IgG 阳性率分别为5.2%、0.58%、0.53%、0.74%、0.67%、1.17%、0.28%和0.37%。LPIgG 在各年龄、性别及职业人群间分布差异不显著。

2021—2023年北京市丰台区部分公共场所空调冷却塔及淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况

目的了解北京市丰台区部分公共场所空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况。方法2021—2023年在北京市丰台区开展空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查,分别在住宿场所和医院采集空调冷却塔水,在住宿场所、医院、洗浴场所和游泳场所采集淋浴喷头水,依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第5部分:集中空调通风系统》(GB/T18204.5—2013),开展嗜肺军团菌分离培养和血清分型鉴定。结果2021—2023年在丰台区116家公共场所采集240份水样,嗜肺军团菌总体阳性率为12.08%,LP1血清型构成比为55.17%(16/29)。不同场所嗜肺军团菌阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.610,P=0.009),住宿场所阳性率最高,为21.25%。空调冷却塔嗜肺军团菌阳性率为15.38%,淋浴喷头阳性率为10.49%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.770,P=0.380)。不同类型公共场所的淋浴喷头嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.098,P=0.007),住宿场所淋浴喷头的阳性率最高,为21.74%,医院淋浴喷头的阳性率最低,为2.94%。结论本次调查的丰台区公共场所的空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头存在嗜肺军团菌污染,公共场所和卫生监督部门要进一步加强对空调系统和淋浴系统的卫生管理。升高淋浴器设置温度、定期高温冲刷是控制淋浴系统嗜肺军团菌孳生的有效手段。