Contamination Identification of Lentinula Edodes Logs Based on Improved YOLOv5s

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a CA(coordinate attention)mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s to improve the identifiability of Lentinula edodes logs contamination and the accuracy of target localiza-tion.Then,the CIoU(Complete-IOU)loss function is replaced by an SIoU(SCYLLA-IoU)loss function to improve the model’s convergence speed and inference accuracy.Finally,the GSConv and GhostConv modules are used to improve and optimize the feature fusion network to improve identification efficiency.The method in this paper achieves values of 97.83%,97.20%,and 98.20%in precision,recall,and mAP@0.5,which are 2.33%,3.0%,and 1.5%better than YOLOv5s,respectively.mAP@0.5 is better than YOLOv4,Ghost-YOLOv4,and Mobilenetv3-YOLOv4(improved by 4.61%,5.16%,and 6.04%,respectively),and the FPS increased by two to three times.

Intergenic spacer 1(IGS1) polymorphism map: A marker for the initial classification of cultivated Lentinula edodes strains in China

China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and classification among 49 popular cultivated strains. The great majority of the 49 strains possessed two different IGS1 sequences, with distinct lengths and homologies. Based on the length and homology of the IGS1 sequences of the 49 strains, the strains were classified into two groups： A and B. Group A was subdivided into six subgroups. Forty-seven strains were homozygous or heterozygous among these six subgroups in group A, Cr01 was heterozygous between A and B, and Guangxiang 9 was homozygous in group B. An IGS1 polymorphism map of each cultivated L. edodes strain is reported for the first time and could be used as a marker for the initial classification and management of cultivated L. edodes strains in China.

Genetic Analysis of Distorted Segregation Ratio of Mating Types AmongBasidiospores in Lentinula edodes

This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.

A Review on General Nutritional Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of the Lentinula edodes Mushroom

Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.

Lentinula edodes extract inhibits matrix metalloproteinase expression and increases typeⅠprocollagen expression via the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in ultraviolet A and B-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes

Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods:Lentinula edodes ethanol extract(LEE)was obtained by extraction with 80%ethanol for 4 h at 80℃.Effect of LEE on UVinduced alteration on the expression and production of MMPs and type I procollagen in keratinocytes was investigated using ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blotting assay.To determine the underlying mechanism of LEE-mediated effects,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and activator protein 1 signaling pathways were analysed by Western blotting assay.Results:LEE significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of type I procollagen in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.The phosphorylation levels of p38 were significantly inhibited by LEE whereas it did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.Suppression of p38 phosphorylation was also accompanied by downregulation of UVA and UVB-induced increase in c-Fos.Conclusions:LEE effectively inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increases type I procollagen production through the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.This findings suggest that Lentinula edodes may be developed as a cosmetic material to suppress UV exposuremediated skin aging.

In vitro bone inducing effects of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) water extract on human osteoblastic cell cultures

The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization were used as indicators for the vitality and maturation of the bone cells.Cultivation of human osteosarcoma cells HOS 58 for five days in presence of a serial dilution of the aqueous extract of L.edodes(0.8μg/mL-125μg/mL)resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP)of the cells in comparison to untreated cells.Saos-2 cells,incubated with LE(20μg/mL)andb-glycerol phosphate(2 mM)for 21 days,displayed a 2 fold level of mineralization than cells cultured soley with the positive control,b-glycerophosphate.The obtained results clearly indicate the activity of LE as a bone inducing agent in vitro.Therefore,the shiitake mushroom(L.edodes)deserves attention as a supportive dietary treatment or nutraceutical in the case of diseases accompanied with bone disorder,such as osteoporosis,osteopenia,and late complication of diabetes.

五个秋季主栽香菇品种在郧阳区的适应性分析

以湖北省认定香菇(Lentinula edodes)品种久香秋7(秋栽7号)为对照,考察5个秋季主栽香菇品种在郧阳区的种植表现及子实体特征、产量和主要营养功能成分。首次在郧阳区“工厂化集中制棒养菌、农户基地分散出菇模式”下开展秋栽香菇的品比试验,筛选适合郧阳区种植的优质香菇品种。结果表明,秋栽DH3菌株环境适应性好、菇形好,主要营养成分粗蛋白质含量较高,产量适中;秋栽SN7品种的环境适应性强、子实体小而圆整、适合工厂化集中养菌,出菇快,容易形成花菇,产量高。秋栽SN7和秋栽DH3可作为适合郧阳区“集中制棒、分散出菇”模式下的秋栽香菇品种推广使用。

高温胁迫后真菌病毒LeV-HKB对香菇菌丝抗深绿木霉能力的影响

分别将深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)菌丝、分生孢子悬浮液接种和喷洒到携带Lentinula edodes mycovirus HKB(LeV-HKB)的3个香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌株,及其相应等基因脱毒菌株的菌落上,比较了25℃和37℃(高温胁迫)条件下处理的香菇带毒和脱毒菌株对深绿木霉菌丝和分生孢子的抗性,以及对深绿木霉产孢能力的影响。结果表明:25℃的处理,香菇菌株是否带毒对深绿木霉的菌丝和分生孢子的抗性及对深绿木霉菌丝产孢能力的影响差异不显著;经37℃处理48 h后,香菇带毒菌株SY1和S606对深绿木霉菌丝和分生孢子的抗性,以及对深绿木霉菌丝产孢能力的影响显著弱于其脱毒菌株SY1-R8和S606-M8,而带毒菌株L135在这3个性状上显著强于其脱毒菌株L135-M8。本研究说明,LeV-HKB影响受高温胁迫后的香菇菌丝对深绿木霉的抗性,但因寄主不同影响效果不同。

甘肃省不同生态类型区香菇高效栽培技术模式

提出了甘肃省不同生态类型区(河西走廊沿祁连山冷凉区、六盘山区、秦巴山区)香菇(Lentinula edodes)高效栽培的几种技术模式,规范了各栽培模式适宜的栽培季节、各季节设施类型选择、配套品种、菌袋规格、栽培方式及环境调控技术。