Objective: To find the genuine structure with anti-acetylcholinesterase(anti-ACh E) from the phenolic glycosides abundant in Leonurus japonicus(Lamiaceae). The assay for antiACh E activity is often used to lead anti-A...Objective: To find the genuine structure with anti-acetylcholinesterase(anti-ACh E) from the phenolic glycosides abundant in Leonurus japonicus(Lamiaceae). The assay for antiACh E activity is often used to lead anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Methods: The five phenolic glycosides, tiliroside, leonurusoside C, 2’’’-syringoylrutin,rutin, and lavanduliofolioside were isolated from L. japonicus. The activities of the glycosides were relatively low. Seven compounds including p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, salidroside, syringic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, which are produced by the hydrolysis of the five glycosides, were also assayed for anti-ACh E activity.Results: Of those seven compounds, the five compounds other than salidroside and syringic acid exhibited potent anti-ACh E activities. In particular, the IC_(50)s of caffeic acid and quercetin were(1.05 ± 0.19) and(3.58 ± 0.02) mg/m L, respectively. Rutin was the most abundant flavonoid in the extract(9.18 mg/g as measured by HPLC).Conclusion: The substances with potent anti-ACh E were caffeic acid, quercetin, pcoumaric acid, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol that can be produced from their glycosides.展开更多
The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound foun...The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound found in Leonurus,has demonstrated promising effects in reducing blood lipids and treating strokes.However,the biosynthetic pathway of leonurine remains largely unexplored.Here,we present the chromosome-level genome sequence assemblies of Leonurus japonicus,known for its high leonurine production,and Leonurus sibiricus,characterized by very limited leonurine production.By integrating genomics,RNA sequencing,metabolomics,and enzyme activity assay data,we constructed the leonurine biosynthesis pathway and identified the arginine decarboxylase(ADC),uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase(UGT),and serine carboxypeptidase-like(SCPL)acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze key reactions in this pathway.Further analyses revealed that the UGT–SCPL gene cluster evolved by gene duplication in the ancestor of Leonurus and neofunctionalization of SCPL in L.japonicus,which contributed to the accumulation of leonurine specifically in L.japonicus.Collectively,our comprehensive study illuminates leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution in Leonurus.展开更多
Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus,led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids(1-18).Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum...Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus,led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids(1-18).Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations,these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones(1-6),two new(7 and 8)and six known(13-18)interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones,a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative(9),and three new ones incorporating a y-lactone unit(10-12).An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way,comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.展开更多
基金supported by the Sangji University Research Fund(Grant No.2016-0101)
文摘Objective: To find the genuine structure with anti-acetylcholinesterase(anti-ACh E) from the phenolic glycosides abundant in Leonurus japonicus(Lamiaceae). The assay for antiACh E activity is often used to lead anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Methods: The five phenolic glycosides, tiliroside, leonurusoside C, 2’’’-syringoylrutin,rutin, and lavanduliofolioside were isolated from L. japonicus. The activities of the glycosides were relatively low. Seven compounds including p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, salidroside, syringic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, which are produced by the hydrolysis of the five glycosides, were also assayed for anti-ACh E activity.Results: Of those seven compounds, the five compounds other than salidroside and syringic acid exhibited potent anti-ACh E activities. In particular, the IC_(50)s of caffeic acid and quercetin were(1.05 ± 0.19) and(3.58 ± 0.02) mg/m L, respectively. Rutin was the most abundant flavonoid in the extract(9.18 mg/g as measured by HPLC).Conclusion: The substances with potent anti-ACh E were caffeic acid, quercetin, pcoumaric acid, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol that can be produced from their glycosides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170349 to P.X.)the Chenshan Special Fund for the Shanghai Landscaping Administration Bureau Program(G232402 to P.X.)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(YDZX20223100001003 to Y.-H.H.).
文摘The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound found in Leonurus,has demonstrated promising effects in reducing blood lipids and treating strokes.However,the biosynthetic pathway of leonurine remains largely unexplored.Here,we present the chromosome-level genome sequence assemblies of Leonurus japonicus,known for its high leonurine production,and Leonurus sibiricus,characterized by very limited leonurine production.By integrating genomics,RNA sequencing,metabolomics,and enzyme activity assay data,we constructed the leonurine biosynthesis pathway and identified the arginine decarboxylase(ADC),uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase(UGT),and serine carboxypeptidase-like(SCPL)acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze key reactions in this pathway.Further analyses revealed that the UGT–SCPL gene cluster evolved by gene duplication in the ancestor of Leonurus and neofunctionalization of SCPL in L.japonicus,which contributed to the accumulation of leonurine specifically in L.japonicus.Collectively,our comprehensive study illuminates leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution in Leonurus.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.JQ201721)the Young Taishan Scholars Program(No.tsqn20161037).
文摘Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus,led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids(1-18).Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations,these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones(1-6),two new(7 and 8)and six known(13-18)interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones,a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative(9),and three new ones incorporating a y-lactone unit(10-12).An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way,comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.
