Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men

Aim: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidiwnmeyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. Methods: Nine men receivedtablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of theWorld Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin(PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E_2) were measured before and after treatment. Results; Treatment withMaca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serumhormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca.Conclusion: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, Tand E_2. (Asian J Androl 2001 Dec; 3: 301 - 303)

Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats

Aim: To determine the effect of oral administration of an aqueous extract from the roots of Lepidium meyenii (maca)on spermatogenesis in adult male rats. Methods; Male rats received an aqueous extract of the root (66.7 mg in onemL) twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Results: Treatment with Lepidium meyenii resulted in an increase in theweights of testis and epididymis but not the seminal vesicle weight. The length and frequency of stages IX-XIV seminif-erous tubules, where mitosis occurred, were increased and stages I-VI were reduced in rats treated with Lepidiummeyenii. Conclusion; The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initialstages (IX-XIV). (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 231 - 233)

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) reduces spermatogenic damage induced by a single dose of malathion in mice

Aim: To observe the effect of the aqueous extract of hypocotyls of the plant Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on spermato-genic damage induced by the organophosphate insecticide malathion in mice. Methods: Mice were treated with 80 mg kg^(-1) of malathion in the presence or absence of an aqueous extract of Maca, which was orally administered 7, 14 or 21 days after injection of the malathion. Stages of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by transillumination on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Results: The administration of Maca increased significantly the length of stage 鈪?on days 7, 14 and 21 of treatment compared with the controls. An increase in the length of stage 鈪?occurred on day 14 of treatment. Malathion affected spermatogenesis by reducing the lengths of stage 鈪?on day 7, stages 鈪?and 鈪?鈪?on day 14 and a recovery of stages 鈪?鈪?on day 21. The magnitude of alteration in the length of stage 鈪?produced by malathion was significantly reduced by Maca on days 7 and 14. The length of stage 鈪?was increased when Maca was administered to mice treated with malathion. Assessment of the relative length of stages of the seminiferous epithelium showed that Maca treatment resulted in rapid recovery of the effect of malathion. Conclusion: Maca enhances spermatogenesis following spermatogenic damage caused by the organophosphorous pesticide.

Progress on the Chemical Constituents Derived from Glucosinolates in Maca(Lepidium meyenii)

Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.),a famous food supplement,has drawn an unprecedented international interest over the last two decades.It was assumed that glucosinolates,macamides,macaenes,and alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Maca before.Recently,a series of novel thiohydantoins which generally exhibit a variety of activities have been isolated from Maca.This review focuses on the progress on the main bioactive components of Maca and their biosynthetic pathway,which indicates that macamides,thiohydantoins,and some alkaloids may originate from glucosinolates.Interestingly,thiohydantoins from Maca are the first type of thiohydantoin derivatives to be found from a natural source and may contribute to some significant effects of Maca.

Qualitative Identification and Semi-Quantitative Comparison of Sucrose in Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) by Infrared Spectrum Analysis

Objective: In order to establish a method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in Macas by infrared spectral analysis. Methods: Six Maca samples with three color types and from two producing areas in Yunnan province (China) were collected. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of raw Maca, ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc-E), alcohol extracts (EtOH-E) and extracted residues were recorded selectively. Comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies were used to explore the FTIR analytical method for sucrose in Maca. Results: Sucrose was proved to be a component in the Lijiang purple Maca (LPM) sample by comparative analysis of FTIR and second derivative in-frared spectroscopy (SDIR) with sucrose as a reference substance. Relative higher content of sucrose might be responsible for the distinctive absorption character of FTIR from LPM. With the aid of comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies, conclusions could be drawn that all of the six Maca samples in this research contained some sucrose more or less. Furthermore, relative content of sucrose in the LM was higher than those in HM in general. Conclusion: An infrared spectrum analysis method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in different Maca samples was developed. Compared with other analytical methods, the developed method shows unparalleled charm for its inherent merits of convenient, fast, low cost, visual, efficient et al.

玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究

本文对南美药食两用植物玛咖(LepidiummeyeniiWalp.)干粉的营养成分进行了分析,其中蛋白质含量达到8.87%,并发现含有大量的支链氨基酸和一定量的牛磺酸、矿物质锌等多种具有抗疲劳作用的营养成分,且通过动物试验证明了玛咖干粉具有显著抗疲劳功效。

Effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia

Aim： To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods： Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate （TE）. The study comprised six groups： one control group （group 1）, one group treated with TE （group 2）, two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca （groups 3 and 4）, one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca （group 5） and one group treated with finasteride （0.1 mg, group 6）. Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a doseresponse effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates （0.02-0.08 mg） in red maca extracts was assessed. Results： Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. Conclusion： The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.

Identification of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and its adulterants by a DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence

Maca(Lepidium meyenii) is an herbaceous plant that grows in high plateaus and has been used as both food and folk medicine for centuries because of its benefits to human health. In the present study, ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences of forty-three maca samples, collected from different regions or vendors, were amplified and analyzed. The ITS sequences of nineteen potential adulterants of maca were also collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the ITS sequence of maca was consistent in all samples and unique when compared with its adulterants. Therefore, this DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence can be used for the molecular identification of maca and its adulterants.

Lepithiohydimerins A-D:Four Pairs of Neuroprotective Thiohydantoin Dimers Bearing a Disulfide Bond from Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)

Main observation and conclusion An HPLC-UV-guided separation was performed and four pairs of unprecedented macathiohydantoin dimers,lepithiohydimerins A—D(1—4)bearing a rare disulfide bond were isolated from the tubers of Maca.Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by NMR spectroscopic,X-ray crystallographic and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)analyses.At the concentration of 20μmol/L,compounds 2-1,2-2,and 4-1 increased the viability of PC12 cells with the cell viability at(72.06±1.14)%,(72.64±1.49)%,and(70.93±1.22)%,respectively.Furthermore,the serial concentration experiment showed that they can protect PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

玛咖脂溶性成分的GC-MS指纹图谱的构建及溯源

采用超声辅助法和气相色谱-质谱联用法对7个不同产地的玛咖的脂溶性成分进行了提取检测.计算了91种脂溶性成分中15个特征成分异氰酸苄酯、苯乙腈、苯乙酸、3-甲氧基苯乙腈、2-苯基乙酰胺、N-乙酰苄胺、棕榈酸甲酯、2-甲基-4-苯甲氧基吡啶氮氧化物、亚油酸甲酯、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烯酸苄酯、十八烷-9,12,15-三烯酸苄酯、芥酸酰胺、N-苄基-(9Z,12Z)-十八碳二烯酰胺、N-苄基十六烷酰胺和(9Z)-N-苄基-9-十八碳烯酰胺的相对含量;通过对获得的数据进行比对分析,构建了玛咖的指纹图谱.采用主成分分析法提取得到3-甲氧基苯乙腈、亚油酸甲酯和N-苄基十六烷酰胺3个主要成分,它们总累计百分比达到88.947%.根据玛咖中三种主要的脂溶性成分的相对含量采用主成分分析法清晰的区分了7个产地的玛咖.

玛咖醇提取物对小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的探讨玛咖醇提取物的抗衰老作用及其机制。方法采用自然衰老小鼠为模型,连续ig给予玛咖醇提取物60 d后,测定小鼠血清、肝脏、心脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(G SH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(M DA)的水平以及皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,免疫功能实验采用PHA刺激淋巴细胞转化及免疫器官指数的方法。结果玛咖醇提取物能显著提高老龄小鼠心脏和肝脏中G SH-Px活性及血清和肝脏中SOD活性,降低血清及肝脏中M DA水平,增加皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,提高PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化率。结论玛咖醇提取物可能通过改善自由基代谢、增强细胞免疫发挥其抗衰老作用。

云南玛卡营养成分分析

为探明从国外引进种植的玛卡的营养成分,采用国标方法对云南玛卡进行分析。结果表明:云南玛卡干样中含蛋白质12.31%、粗纤维32.57%、脂肪0.92%、VC314.97mg/kg、钙1818mg/kg、铁81.2mg/kg、锌23.8mg/kg、钾18.7mg/kg、磷1895mg/kg等多种营养成分,脂肪酸中含有38.64%亚油酸、26.46%亚麻酸、17.73%棕榈酸,同时富含14.04%氨基酸。玛卡营养成分丰富,可以进一步开发利用。

玛咖的植物学及其药理作用研究概况

本文对南美安第斯山区重要的药用植物玛咖 (Maca)的分类学、植物学特征、化学成分、药理作用及开发应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述 ,为研究和开发利用玛咖提供了依据。

玛咖醇提物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文采用小鼠碳粒廓清、植物血凝素(PHA)诱导淋巴细胞转化,以及血清溶血素和抗体生成细胞测定等实验,研究南美植物玛咖的乙醇提取物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,玛咖醇提物显著提高PHA诱导的淋巴细胞转化,促进血清溶血素生成,并增加抗体生成细胞的产生,而对单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能无显著影响。因此,玛咖醇提取物可提高正常小鼠细胞和体液免疫功能,增强机体抵抗力。

云南栽培玛咖的营养成分分析与评价

对云南栽培的玛咖营养成分进行了分析,并与文献报道的秘鲁产玛咖进行了比较。结果表明:云南栽培玛咖含有16.7×104mg.kg-1的蛋白质、21.5×104mg.kg-1粗纤维、9.30%氨基酸、多种无机元素、多种维生素等营养成分,脂肪含量低;所含营养成分的种类与秘鲁产玛咖类似,其中对人体有益的蛋白质、粗纤维、钙、铁、锌、VC等成分的含量较高,表明云南栽培玛咖的营养丰富,具有开发利用价值。

玛咖秋葵咀嚼片直接压片工艺的优化

以黄秋葵超微粉作为压片辅料,优选玛咖秋葵咀嚼片的最佳工艺参数。采用粉末直接压片法加工玛咖秋葵咀嚼片产品,选取片重差异、崩解时限、硬度及脆碎度的综合评定值为评价指标,利用单因素试验研究充填压力、充填深度、转台速度和原料粒度对产品质量的影响,并通过响应面优化法确定最佳工艺。结果表明,玛咖秋葵咀嚼片产品的最佳工艺为充填压力31 kN、充填深度10 mm、转台速度25 r/min和原料粒度300目。本研究为进一步综合利用玛咖资源提供了科学依据,促进了玛咖产品的研发。

红外光谱结合统计分析对不同产地玛咖的鉴别分类

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法,对采自云南及秘鲁共139份玛咖样品进行产地鉴别研究。采用多元散射校正结合二阶导数和Norris平滑预处理光谱,通过剔除噪声明显的光谱波段,筛选出适宜的主成分数为8。基于最优主成分数,采用间隔偏最小二乘(interval partial least-squares,iPLS)法对3 650.59-651.82 cm^(-1)光谱进行优化分析。结果显示,筛选98份样品在1 855.19~651.822、3 054.69~2756.78 cm^(-1)和3 650.59~3 353.6 cm^(-1)光谱建立的间隔偏最小二乘判别分析(interval partial least-squares discriminant analysis,iPLS-DA)分类模型,其R^2、校正均方根误差和预测均方根误差分别为0.958 4、0.785 8和1.164 2。通过41份样品验证,验证正确率与原光谱建立的分类模型保持一致,均为87.80%。为进一步提高分类模型的精度,在iPLS筛选的光谱波段基础上,分别采用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm,SFLA)对光谱信息进行优化,结果显示,采用GA筛选频率大于4和5的光谱信息,筛选的光谱数据点分别为62个和29个;利用SFLA筛选概率大于0.1和0.15的光谱信息,筛选的光谱数据点分别为77个和27个。验证结果显示,采用GA-PLS-DA_(62个数据点))和GA-PLS-DA_((29个数据点))建立的PLS-DA分类模型识别正确率分别为95.12%和97.56%,采用SFLA-PLS-DA_((77个数据点))和SFLA-PLS-DA_((27个数据点))建立的分类模型识别正确率分别为92.68%和97.56%。对比上述方法可知,采用iPLS-DA、GA-PLS-DA和SFLA-PLSDA建立的分类模型均具有较好的预测性能,其中GA-PLS-DA_((29个数据点))和SFLA-PLS-DA(27个数据点)建立分类模型能更准确地鉴别不同产地的玛咖。该方法的建立为玛咖红外光谱产地鉴别提供一种新的思路,所筛选的光谱变量可为不同产地玛咖内在化学成分(组分)差异性分析提供基础依据。

云南栽培玛咖总生物碱提取工艺优化研究

以云南栽培玛咖干粉为原料,对其中总生物碱的提取工艺进行优化。采用热水为提取溶剂,以提取温度、提取时间和料液比为考察对象,在单因素优化的基础上设计3因素3水平正交实验,研究玛咖总生物碱的最优提取条件。结果表明,各因素对玛咖总生物碱提取得率的影响顺序依次为:提取时间>料液比>提取温度。最优提取工艺为:料液比1:20(g:mL),温度70℃,时间100min,在此条件下,玛咖总生物碱提取得率为1.58%。

云南栽培3种颜色玛咖中总生物碱含量分析

建立云南栽培玛咖的总生物碱含量的分析方法,分析评价3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量。分别采用酸性染料比色法和酸碱滴定法对云南栽培的3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量进行测定。结果表明:酸性染料比色法灵敏度高,相对标准偏差较小,是玛咖总生物碱含量测定的适宜方法;紫色、白色和黄色3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量分别为4.4078、2.9193、2.2241mg/g,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);其中紫色玛咖的总生物碱含量最高,并与相关文献测定的来源于秘鲁的玛咖干粉的总生物碱含量相近。

三种色型玛咖芥子油苷组分及含量分析

【目的】分析和评价云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中芥子油苷的组成及含量,为其功能及活性物质基础的进一步研究提供理论依据和技术手段。【方法】以紫色、黄色和白色等3种色型玛咖块根的鲜样、真空干燥样品和自然干燥样品为原料,采用甲醇提取液,应用HPLC及LC-ESI/MS技术分别对原料中的芥子油苷组分及含量进行分析。【结果】3种色型玛咖中均含有两种芳香族芥子油苷:苄基芥子油苷(benzyl glucosinolate)和甲氧基芐基芥子油苷(methoxybenzyl glucosinolate),样品中苄基芥子油苷含量均明显高于甲氧基苄基芥子油苷。紫色、黄色和白色玛咖鲜样中的总芥子油苷含量分别为50.14、46.35、84.57μmol.g-1,自然干燥样品的总含量分别为13.05、14.35、14.94μmol.g-1,而真空干燥样品含量分别只有0.24、0.05、0.29μmol.g-1。【结论】云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中的芥子油苷组分相同,与文献报导的秘鲁产原料的芥子油苷组分基本一致。3种原料鲜样中的各组分芥子油苷含量及总含量均存在显著差异(P<0.01),其中白色玛咖的芥子油苷含量较高,3种色型样品均明显高于文献报导的秘鲁产原料。干燥样品的含量显著低于鲜样(P<0.01),粉碎干燥加工使玛咖中的芥子油苷发生了严重水解。