Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rat...Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.展开更多
In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and adolescents.The detrimental impact of IGD on mental hea...In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and adolescents.The detrimental impact of IGD on mental health cannot be denied,even though only a small portion of the screen-dependent population exhibits psychopathological and behavioral symptoms.The present study aimed to explore a latent profile analysis(LPA)of Internet Gaming Disorder on the mental health of Chinese school students.The data were collected from a sample of 1005 Chinese school students(49.8%male;age M=13.32,SD=1.34 years)using a paper-pencil survey through convenience sampling.LPA explored three latent profiles of internet gamers:regular gamers(62.4%),moderate gamers(28.1%),and probable disordered gamers(9.4%).Results showed that the probable disordered gamers had significantly higher levels of depression,anxiety,emotional and conduct problems,hyperactivity,and peer problem symptoms as well as lower life satisfaction,and pro-social symptoms compared to regular and moderate gamers(p<0.05).This study would be helpful to mental health professionals in designing interventions for gamers who present IGD symptoms.Future longitudinal studies should also be undertaken to assess whether mental health worsens for probable disordered gamers.展开更多
Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of letrozole with aminoglutethimide (AG) in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial was cond...Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of letrozole with aminoglutethimide (AG) in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 113 patients. They randomly received letrozole 2.5 mg once daily (letrozole group) or AG 250 mg 4 times daily (AG group) with hydrocortisone. Results: The OR in letrozole group was 23.73% (2 cases of CR and 12 cases of PR, ITT OR was 21.88%), which was higher than in AG group (the OR 11.11%, 1 CASE of CR and 5 cases of PR, ITT 10.17%), but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Adverse events (AE) and the treatment related AE (RAE) in letrozole group (n=59) was 18.54% and 13.56% respectively, significantly lower than those (42.11% and 33.33% respectively) in AG group (n=57, P=0.002). Conclusion: The OR of letrozole in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer positive or unknown for hormonal receptor is 23.73%, showing no significant difference to that of AG. The AE of letrozole are significantly less than AG.展开更多
We tested the hypothesis that letrozole increases sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermic or cryptozoospermic patients with a testosterone （T）/17-beta-2-oestradiol （E2） ratio 〈 10. Forty-six patients with no c...We tested the hypothesis that letrozole increases sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermic or cryptozoospermic patients with a testosterone （T）/17-beta-2-oestradiol （E2） ratio 〈 10. Forty-six patients with no chromosomal aberrations were randomized into two groups： 22 received letrozole 2.5 mg per day for 6 months （Group 1：6 azoospermic＋ 16 cryptozoospermic patients）, while 24 received a placebo （Group 2：5 azoospermic＋19 cryptozoospermic patients）. The following data were collected： two semen analyses, clinical history, scrotal Duplex scans, body mass index （BMI）, Y microdeletion, karyotype and cystic fibrosis screens and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, E2, T and prolactin levels. Both before and after letrozole or placebo administration, the patients underwent two semen analyses and hormonal assessments. The differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney Utest. The relationships between sperm concentration after letrozole administration with respect to FSH, TIE2 ratio, bilateral testicle volume and BMI before letrozole administration were assessed using multivariate analysis. The side effects were assessed using the chi-square test. Group 1 had sperm concentration （medians： 400-1.290× 10^6 ml^-1; P〈0.01） and motility （medians： class A from 2% to 15%; P〈0.01）, FSH, LH and T significantly increased, while Group 2 did not. E2 levels diminished significantly in Group 1, but not in Group 2. Eight patients in Group 1 demonstrated side effects, whereas no patient side effects were observed in Group 2. The sperm concentration after letrozole administration is inversely related to TIE2, FSH and BMI; a direct relationship emerged between sperm concentration and testicular volume.展开更多
We investigated whether letrozole （2.5 mg day-1） improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormo...We investigated whether letrozole （2.5 mg day-1） improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormone levels within the normal range and no varicoceles or chromosomal aberrations. These four patients were administered letrozole for 3 months. Sperm count, testicular volume, gonadotropin, testosterone （T） and estradiol （E2） blood levels were assessed before, during and 1 week after the suspension of treatment. All patients showed spermatozoa in their ejaculate, increased gonadotropin and T levels and lower E2 levels （P〈0.05 in all cases）, when letrozole was administered. This suggests that letrozole treatment might improve sperm count in an NOA sub-population; however, more studies, including the proper controls, are needed to confirm its efficacy.展开更多
A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Mode...A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model LC-Class-Vp with Lichrocart/Lichrosphere 100 C-18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm particle size) column with methanol: tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 240 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5-150 mg/mL (R 2 0.9998) with regression equation y 102582xt43185. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 0.043 and 0.012 mg/mL respectively. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H 2 O 2 , thermal and UV radiation. Letrozole is more sensitive towards alkaline conditions and very much resistant towards acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradations. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (0.78-0.97) and inter-day (0.86-0.96) precision were found to be lesser than 1%. The percentage recovery was in good agreement with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulations and the method is simple, specific, precise and accurate for the determination of Letrozole in pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要...上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要原因之一。明确上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术对鼻形态的影响能够帮助医生更准确地预测术后鼻形态的变化,从而优化手术设计、提高医患沟通效率。本文将对上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后鼻部形态变化的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床实践提供相应的参考。展开更多
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospec...Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial involving 150 women with PCOS attending the Infertility Clinic at three hospitals in Malaysia. During the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and baseline investigations were performed. Patients were randomized to 5.0 mg Letrozole daily (75 patients) or 100 mg Clomiphene citrate daily (75 patients) from the fifth until the ninth day of menstruation. Serial transvaginal scans were performed to see the dominant follicles, endometrial thickness and number of follicles. Transvaginal scans were performed serially to look for evidence of ovulation. Results: The subjects were homogenously distributed. The difference between Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate for ovulation rate was 59 (78.7%) versus 40 (53.3%). Patients taking Letrozole exhibited a mean endometrial thickness (ET) at mid cycle of menses (Day 11-D14) of9.2 mm(SD ± 2.3) versus8.4 mm(SD ± 2.2) for patients taking Clomiphene citrate, and these differences were statistically significant展开更多
The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-tria...The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, H2ltzda) reacted with Co(NO3)2·6H2O in the presence of different bipyridl-typed ligands under hydrothermal conditions. As a result, two new Co(Ⅱ) MOFs were obtained, formulated as [Co2(ltzda)2(bpp)2]n(1) and {[Co2(ltzda)2(bpy)]·4H2O}n(2)(bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine). Two MOFs have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measure. 1 displays a 2D metal-organic framework containing wave layers and 2 shows a pillared-layer structure existing in a 2-fold interpenetrated mode.展开更多
Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non...Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non-randomized prospective study, 12 patients were given Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks prior to planned hysterectomy for FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. A group of 12 demographically similar patients were enrolled as no-treatment controls. Ki67 expression in tumor cells was quantitated by immunohistochemistry with mechanical scanning within the initial endometrial biopsy and compared to that in the hysterectomy specimen for each patient in the treatment and control groups. Results: The treatment and control groups were similar in age, tumor grade and FIGO stage. When “aromatase inhibitor responsiveness” was defined as proportionate decline in Ki67% stained tumor cells of at least 70% between the pre-treatment endometrial biopsy and post-treatment hysterectomy specimens, 5 of 12 patients were found to be “responsive” in the treatment group with none of the controls fulfilling these criteria. Conclusion: Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks induced a significant reduction in tumor cell Ki67 expression among 5 of 12 (41%) postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. We postulate that Ki67 may be a useful marker during aromatase inhibitor medical treatment of patients with endometrial cancer who are not candidates for surgical treatment.展开更多
基金supported by DST-SERB,Government of India via sanction No.EMR/2017/001106。
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Fund of School of Psychology,Zhejiang Normal University(No.ZC304022990).
文摘In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and adolescents.The detrimental impact of IGD on mental health cannot be denied,even though only a small portion of the screen-dependent population exhibits psychopathological and behavioral symptoms.The present study aimed to explore a latent profile analysis(LPA)of Internet Gaming Disorder on the mental health of Chinese school students.The data were collected from a sample of 1005 Chinese school students(49.8%male;age M=13.32,SD=1.34 years)using a paper-pencil survey through convenience sampling.LPA explored three latent profiles of internet gamers:regular gamers(62.4%),moderate gamers(28.1%),and probable disordered gamers(9.4%).Results showed that the probable disordered gamers had significantly higher levels of depression,anxiety,emotional and conduct problems,hyperactivity,and peer problem symptoms as well as lower life satisfaction,and pro-social symptoms compared to regular and moderate gamers(p<0.05).This study would be helpful to mental health professionals in designing interventions for gamers who present IGD symptoms.Future longitudinal studies should also be undertaken to assess whether mental health worsens for probable disordered gamers.
文摘Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of letrozole with aminoglutethimide (AG) in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 113 patients. They randomly received letrozole 2.5 mg once daily (letrozole group) or AG 250 mg 4 times daily (AG group) with hydrocortisone. Results: The OR in letrozole group was 23.73% (2 cases of CR and 12 cases of PR, ITT OR was 21.88%), which was higher than in AG group (the OR 11.11%, 1 CASE of CR and 5 cases of PR, ITT 10.17%), but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Adverse events (AE) and the treatment related AE (RAE) in letrozole group (n=59) was 18.54% and 13.56% respectively, significantly lower than those (42.11% and 33.33% respectively) in AG group (n=57, P=0.002). Conclusion: The OR of letrozole in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer positive or unknown for hormonal receptor is 23.73%, showing no significant difference to that of AG. The AE of letrozole are significantly less than AG.
文摘We tested the hypothesis that letrozole increases sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermic or cryptozoospermic patients with a testosterone （T）/17-beta-2-oestradiol （E2） ratio 〈 10. Forty-six patients with no chromosomal aberrations were randomized into two groups： 22 received letrozole 2.5 mg per day for 6 months （Group 1：6 azoospermic＋ 16 cryptozoospermic patients）, while 24 received a placebo （Group 2：5 azoospermic＋19 cryptozoospermic patients）. The following data were collected： two semen analyses, clinical history, scrotal Duplex scans, body mass index （BMI）, Y microdeletion, karyotype and cystic fibrosis screens and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, E2, T and prolactin levels. Both before and after letrozole or placebo administration, the patients underwent two semen analyses and hormonal assessments. The differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney Utest. The relationships between sperm concentration after letrozole administration with respect to FSH, TIE2 ratio, bilateral testicle volume and BMI before letrozole administration were assessed using multivariate analysis. The side effects were assessed using the chi-square test. Group 1 had sperm concentration （medians： 400-1.290× 10^6 ml^-1; P〈0.01） and motility （medians： class A from 2% to 15%; P〈0.01）, FSH, LH and T significantly increased, while Group 2 did not. E2 levels diminished significantly in Group 1, but not in Group 2. Eight patients in Group 1 demonstrated side effects, whereas no patient side effects were observed in Group 2. The sperm concentration after letrozole administration is inversely related to TIE2, FSH and BMI; a direct relationship emerged between sperm concentration and testicular volume.
文摘We investigated whether letrozole （2.5 mg day-1） improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormone levels within the normal range and no varicoceles or chromosomal aberrations. These four patients were administered letrozole for 3 months. Sperm count, testicular volume, gonadotropin, testosterone （T） and estradiol （E2） blood levels were assessed before, during and 1 week after the suspension of treatment. All patients showed spermatozoa in their ejaculate, increased gonadotropin and T levels and lower E2 levels （P〈0.05 in all cases）, when letrozole was administered. This suggests that letrozole treatment might improve sperm count in an NOA sub-population; however, more studies, including the proper controls, are needed to confirm its efficacy.
文摘A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model LC-Class-Vp with Lichrocart/Lichrosphere 100 C-18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm particle size) column with methanol: tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 240 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5-150 mg/mL (R 2 0.9998) with regression equation y 102582xt43185. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 0.043 and 0.012 mg/mL respectively. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H 2 O 2 , thermal and UV radiation. Letrozole is more sensitive towards alkaline conditions and very much resistant towards acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradations. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (0.78-0.97) and inter-day (0.86-0.96) precision were found to be lesser than 1%. The percentage recovery was in good agreement with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulations and the method is simple, specific, precise and accurate for the determination of Letrozole in pharmaceutical formulations.
文摘上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要原因之一。明确上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术对鼻形态的影响能够帮助医生更准确地预测术后鼻形态的变化,从而优化手术设计、提高医患沟通效率。本文将对上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后鼻部形态变化的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床实践提供相应的参考。
文摘Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial involving 150 women with PCOS attending the Infertility Clinic at three hospitals in Malaysia. During the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and baseline investigations were performed. Patients were randomized to 5.0 mg Letrozole daily (75 patients) or 100 mg Clomiphene citrate daily (75 patients) from the fifth until the ninth day of menstruation. Serial transvaginal scans were performed to see the dominant follicles, endometrial thickness and number of follicles. Transvaginal scans were performed serially to look for evidence of ovulation. Results: The subjects were homogenously distributed. The difference between Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate for ovulation rate was 59 (78.7%) versus 40 (53.3%). Patients taking Letrozole exhibited a mean endometrial thickness (ET) at mid cycle of menses (Day 11-D14) of9.2 mm(SD ± 2.3) versus8.4 mm(SD ± 2.2) for patients taking Clomiphene citrate, and these differences were statistically significant
基金supported by the Project of Science&Technology in Henan Province(No.172102310441)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571093)
文摘The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, H2ltzda) reacted with Co(NO3)2·6H2O in the presence of different bipyridl-typed ligands under hydrothermal conditions. As a result, two new Co(Ⅱ) MOFs were obtained, formulated as [Co2(ltzda)2(bpp)2]n(1) and {[Co2(ltzda)2(bpy)]·4H2O}n(2)(bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine). Two MOFs have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measure. 1 displays a 2D metal-organic framework containing wave layers and 2 shows a pillared-layer structure existing in a 2-fold interpenetrated mode.
文摘Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non-randomized prospective study, 12 patients were given Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks prior to planned hysterectomy for FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. A group of 12 demographically similar patients were enrolled as no-treatment controls. Ki67 expression in tumor cells was quantitated by immunohistochemistry with mechanical scanning within the initial endometrial biopsy and compared to that in the hysterectomy specimen for each patient in the treatment and control groups. Results: The treatment and control groups were similar in age, tumor grade and FIGO stage. When “aromatase inhibitor responsiveness” was defined as proportionate decline in Ki67% stained tumor cells of at least 70% between the pre-treatment endometrial biopsy and post-treatment hysterectomy specimens, 5 of 12 patients were found to be “responsive” in the treatment group with none of the controls fulfilling these criteria. Conclusion: Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks induced a significant reduction in tumor cell Ki67 expression among 5 of 12 (41%) postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. We postulate that Ki67 may be a useful marker during aromatase inhibitor medical treatment of patients with endometrial cancer who are not candidates for surgical treatment.
