Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is...Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is difficult because of its complexity. This study, therefore aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by nurse educators in promoting acquisition of clinical reasoning skills by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used in this study. The participants were purposively sampled and recruited into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data The principles of beneficence, respect of human dignity and justice were observed. Results: The findings have shown that clinical learning environment, lacked material and human resources. The students had no interest to learn the skill. There was also knowledge gap between nurse educators and clinical nurses. Lack of role model was also an issue and limited time exposure. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurse educators encounter various challenges in promoting the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate nursing students. Training institutions and hospitals should periodically revise the curriculum and provide sufficient resources to facilitate effective teaching and learning of clinical reasoning. Nurse educators must also update their knowledge and skills through continuous professional development if they are to transfer the skill effectively.展开更多
Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The...Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching methods have not been effective to improve the students clinical reasoning skills. Therefore, the training institutions should revise their curriculum by incorporating new teaching methods like simulation to enhance students’ clinical reasoning skills. In conclusion, evaluating clinical reasoning skills is crucial for addressing healthcare issues, validating teaching methods, and fostering continuous improvement in nursing education.展开更多
识别学科交叉研究的前沿主题,并对演化趋势进行分析,有助于揭示学科交叉融合的方向,为未来创新性、突破性研究提供参考。首先,基于引文视角构建测度论文学科交叉性的指标,识别具有学科交叉性的研究论文;其次,通过BERT-LDA模型识别研究主...识别学科交叉研究的前沿主题,并对演化趋势进行分析,有助于揭示学科交叉融合的方向,为未来创新性、突破性研究提供参考。首先,基于引文视角构建测度论文学科交叉性的指标,识别具有学科交叉性的研究论文;其次,通过BERT-LDA模型识别研究主题,利用余弦相似度计算主题之间的相似度,构建主题演化路径;最后,基于新颖度、增长性、关注度、影响力构建前沿主题识别指标体系,识别具有前沿性的学科交叉研究主题。以图书情报学(Library and Information Science,LIS)为例展开研究,研究结果显示,2004—2023年该学科领域的交叉研究主题呈现出逐渐细化和深入的特点,主要集中在信息挖掘与知识发现、互联网信息行为、医疗信息学3个方面;现阶段学科交叉研究前沿主题为医疗数据模型、舆情治理与情感分析、机器学习与深度学习;基于信息技术的研究方法和其在不同领域的应用研究具有良好的应用前景,有可能成为未来LIS领域的核心研究主题。展开更多
With the growing discovery of exposed vulnerabilities in the Industrial Control Components(ICCs),identification of the exploitable ones is urgent for Industrial Control System(ICS)administrators to proactively forecas...With the growing discovery of exposed vulnerabilities in the Industrial Control Components(ICCs),identification of the exploitable ones is urgent for Industrial Control System(ICS)administrators to proactively forecast potential threats.However,it is not a trivial task due to the complexity of the multi-source heterogeneous data and the lack of automatic analysis methods.To address these challenges,we propose an exploitability reasoning method based on the ICC-Vulnerability Knowledge Graph(KG)in which relation paths contain abundant potential evidence to support the reasoning.The reasoning task in this work refers to determining whether a specific relation is valid between an attacker entity and a possible exploitable vulnerability entity with the help of a collective of the critical paths.The proposed method consists of three primary building blocks:KG construction,relation path representation,and query relation reasoning.A security-oriented ontology combines exploit modeling,which provides a guideline for the integration of the scattered knowledge while constructing the KG.We emphasize the role of the aggregation of the attention mechanism in representation learning and ultimate reasoning.In order to acquire a high-quality representation,the entity and relation embeddings take advantage of their local structure and related semantics.Some critical paths are assigned corresponding attentive weights and then they are aggregated for the determination of the query relation validity.In particular,similarity calculation is introduced into a critical path selection algorithm,which improves search and reasoning performance.Meanwhile,the proposed algorithm avoids redundant paths between the given pairs of entities.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in the aspects of embedding quality and query relation reasoning accuracy.展开更多
The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein...The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.展开更多
It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely ...It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely isolates Li from the lithiophilic metals.Herein,we perform in-depth studies on the creation of dynamic alloy interfaces upon Li deposition,arising from the exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Hg in the amalgam solid solution.As a comparison,other metals such as Au,Ag,and Zn have typical diffusion coefficients of 10-20 orders of magnitude lower than that of Hg in the similar solid solution phases.This difference induces compact Li deposition pattern with an amalgam substrate even with a high areal capacity of 55 mAh cm^(-2).This finding provides new insight into the rational design of Li anode substrate for the stable cycling of Li metal batteries.展开更多
文摘Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is difficult because of its complexity. This study, therefore aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by nurse educators in promoting acquisition of clinical reasoning skills by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used in this study. The participants were purposively sampled and recruited into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data The principles of beneficence, respect of human dignity and justice were observed. Results: The findings have shown that clinical learning environment, lacked material and human resources. The students had no interest to learn the skill. There was also knowledge gap between nurse educators and clinical nurses. Lack of role model was also an issue and limited time exposure. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurse educators encounter various challenges in promoting the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate nursing students. Training institutions and hospitals should periodically revise the curriculum and provide sufficient resources to facilitate effective teaching and learning of clinical reasoning. Nurse educators must also update their knowledge and skills through continuous professional development if they are to transfer the skill effectively.
文摘Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching methods have not been effective to improve the students clinical reasoning skills. Therefore, the training institutions should revise their curriculum by incorporating new teaching methods like simulation to enhance students’ clinical reasoning skills. In conclusion, evaluating clinical reasoning skills is crucial for addressing healthcare issues, validating teaching methods, and fostering continuous improvement in nursing education.
文摘识别学科交叉研究的前沿主题,并对演化趋势进行分析,有助于揭示学科交叉融合的方向,为未来创新性、突破性研究提供参考。首先,基于引文视角构建测度论文学科交叉性的指标,识别具有学科交叉性的研究论文;其次,通过BERT-LDA模型识别研究主题,利用余弦相似度计算主题之间的相似度,构建主题演化路径;最后,基于新颖度、增长性、关注度、影响力构建前沿主题识别指标体系,识别具有前沿性的学科交叉研究主题。以图书情报学(Library and Information Science,LIS)为例展开研究,研究结果显示,2004—2023年该学科领域的交叉研究主题呈现出逐渐细化和深入的特点,主要集中在信息挖掘与知识发现、互联网信息行为、医疗信息学3个方面;现阶段学科交叉研究前沿主题为医疗数据模型、舆情治理与情感分析、机器学习与深度学习;基于信息技术的研究方法和其在不同领域的应用研究具有良好的应用前景,有可能成为未来LIS领域的核心研究主题。
基金Our work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2012400).
文摘With the growing discovery of exposed vulnerabilities in the Industrial Control Components(ICCs),identification of the exploitable ones is urgent for Industrial Control System(ICS)administrators to proactively forecast potential threats.However,it is not a trivial task due to the complexity of the multi-source heterogeneous data and the lack of automatic analysis methods.To address these challenges,we propose an exploitability reasoning method based on the ICC-Vulnerability Knowledge Graph(KG)in which relation paths contain abundant potential evidence to support the reasoning.The reasoning task in this work refers to determining whether a specific relation is valid between an attacker entity and a possible exploitable vulnerability entity with the help of a collective of the critical paths.The proposed method consists of three primary building blocks:KG construction,relation path representation,and query relation reasoning.A security-oriented ontology combines exploit modeling,which provides a guideline for the integration of the scattered knowledge while constructing the KG.We emphasize the role of the aggregation of the attention mechanism in representation learning and ultimate reasoning.In order to acquire a high-quality representation,the entity and relation embeddings take advantage of their local structure and related semantics.Some critical paths are assigned corresponding attentive weights and then they are aggregated for the determination of the query relation validity.In particular,similarity calculation is introduced into a critical path selection algorithm,which improves search and reasoning performance.Meanwhile,the proposed algorithm avoids redundant paths between the given pairs of entities.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in the aspects of embedding quality and query relation reasoning accuracy.
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China (No.51971249)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No.ZR2020KE012)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Longkou City,China (No.2021KJJH025).
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205191 and 52002346)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3109)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40446)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Material(No.2020GXKLLCEM01)。
文摘The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0205700)Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province(JZX2023004)+2 种基金Research Program of Local Science and Technology Development under the Guidance of Central(216Z4402G)support from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation(project FFSG-2022-0001(122111700046-3),"Laboratory of perspective electrode materials for chemical power sources")support from"Yuanguang"Scholar Program of Hebei University of Technology
文摘It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely isolates Li from the lithiophilic metals.Herein,we perform in-depth studies on the creation of dynamic alloy interfaces upon Li deposition,arising from the exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Hg in the amalgam solid solution.As a comparison,other metals such as Au,Ag,and Zn have typical diffusion coefficients of 10-20 orders of magnitude lower than that of Hg in the similar solid solution phases.This difference induces compact Li deposition pattern with an amalgam substrate even with a high areal capacity of 55 mAh cm^(-2).This finding provides new insight into the rational design of Li anode substrate for the stable cycling of Li metal batteries.
