采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了LiCl-KCl-CeCl_3熔盐中CeCl_3的结构性质和热力学,获得了LiClKCl-CeCl_3熔盐中密度与组成、密度与温度的关系数据;径向分布函数g_(Ce-Cl)(r)的第一个峰位置为0.259nm,Ce^(3+)对应的第一个配位数约为6.9...采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了LiCl-KCl-CeCl_3熔盐中CeCl_3的结构性质和热力学,获得了LiClKCl-CeCl_3熔盐中密度与组成、密度与温度的关系数据;径向分布函数g_(Ce-Cl)(r)的第一个峰位置为0.259nm,Ce^(3+)对应的第一个配位数约为6.9;混合熔盐中计算数据与纯熔盐中数据的差异可以解释为混合熔盐中Ce^(3+)和Cl^-的相互作用比纯的CeCl_3更强;LiCl-KCl熔盐中Ce^(3+)的自扩散活化能为22.5 k J?mol^(-1),从活化能的本质来说,Ce^(3+)自扩散所需要克服的能垒要略低于U^(3+)(25.8 k J?mol^(-1))。当Ce^(3+)的摩尔分数从0.005增加到0.05时,其指前因子从31.9×10^(-5)cm^2?s^(-1)减少到21.8×10^(-5)cm^2?s^(-1);随着Ce^(3+)摩尔分数从0.005增长到0.05,单位体积内(忽略总体积的变化)Ce^(3+)的增加意味着其扩散阻力增加,而自扩散的能力降低,导致了指前因子的减小。展开更多
Li brines are the primary resources for Li salt industries.Evaporation is necessary to concentrate Li due to its low level of concentration in raw brines.The salt sequences during the evaporation of Li brines,especial...Li brines are the primary resources for Li salt industries.Evaporation is necessary to concentrate Li due to its low level of concentration in raw brines.The salt sequences during the evaporation of Li brines,especially the behavior of Li salts,represent key data for solar technologies.However,chemists cannot use any phase diagram to estimate Li salt sequences during evaporation at 25℃.The thermodynamic model proposed by us in 2003 represents the only tool for the prediction of equilibrium conditions during the evaporation of solutions containing Li^+,Na^+,K^+,Mg^2+/Cl^-,SO4^2-,and-H2O components at 25℃.In this paper,the predicted salt sequences of 20 brines are reported.The results indicate that (1) the first crystallized Li salt during evaporation of Li brine varies in brine composition;(2) lithium sulfate is crystallized in many cases initially for brines of magnesium sulfate subtype,while Db4 (Li2SO4 ·K2SO4 ) or Db3 (2Li2SO4 ·Na2SO4 ·K2SO4 ) appears first for sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate subtypes with lower Mg/Li composition,and the final eutectic point is H+LiC+Lc+Ls+Car;(3) the final eutectic point is H+LiC+Lc+Car for brines of chloride type;and (4) Li content corresponding to the first crystallized Li salt is in the range of 0.43%-1%.These findings enhance our knowledge of Li chemistry and provide insights into solar pond technology of the Li-brine process.展开更多
目的探讨抑制糖原合酶激酶3β活性对少突胶质前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞的影响。方法原代分离培养少突胶质前体细胞,采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色技术检测糖原合酶激酶3β在少突胶质前体细胞和少突胶质细胞中的表达。利用1.5 m ...目的探讨抑制糖原合酶激酶3β活性对少突胶质前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞的影响。方法原代分离培养少突胶质前体细胞,采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色技术检测糖原合酶激酶3β在少突胶质前体细胞和少突胶质细胞中的表达。利用1.5 m M氯化锂抑制糖原合酶激酶3β96 h,采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色技术检测糖原合酶激酶3β对少突胶质前体细胞发育的影响。结果随着少突胶质前体细胞发育为少突胶质细胞,总的糖原合酶激酶3β的表达量不变,而非活性形式的糖原合酶激酶3β(磷酸化的糖原合酶激酶3β)减少,说明活性糖原合酶激酶3β增加。加入氯化锂后,磷酸化的糖原合酶激酶3β显著增加,表明活性糖原合酶激酶3β减少,并且成熟的少突胶质细胞的标记物髓鞘碱性蛋白的信号显著减弱,表明抑制糖原合酶激酶3β的活性后明显阻碍了少突胶质前体细胞正常的分化过程。结论糖原合酶激酶3β在少突胶质前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞的过程中起着重要的作用。展开更多
文摘采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了LiCl-KCl-CeCl_3熔盐中CeCl_3的结构性质和热力学,获得了LiClKCl-CeCl_3熔盐中密度与组成、密度与温度的关系数据;径向分布函数g_(Ce-Cl)(r)的第一个峰位置为0.259nm,Ce^(3+)对应的第一个配位数约为6.9;混合熔盐中计算数据与纯熔盐中数据的差异可以解释为混合熔盐中Ce^(3+)和Cl^-的相互作用比纯的CeCl_3更强;LiCl-KCl熔盐中Ce^(3+)的自扩散活化能为22.5 k J?mol^(-1),从活化能的本质来说,Ce^(3+)自扩散所需要克服的能垒要略低于U^(3+)(25.8 k J?mol^(-1))。当Ce^(3+)的摩尔分数从0.005增加到0.05时,其指前因子从31.9×10^(-5)cm^2?s^(-1)减少到21.8×10^(-5)cm^2?s^(-1);随着Ce^(3+)摩尔分数从0.005增长到0.05,单位体积内(忽略总体积的变化)Ce^(3+)的增加意味着其扩散阻力增加,而自扩散的能力降低,导致了指前因子的减小。
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0602805)
文摘Li brines are the primary resources for Li salt industries.Evaporation is necessary to concentrate Li due to its low level of concentration in raw brines.The salt sequences during the evaporation of Li brines,especially the behavior of Li salts,represent key data for solar technologies.However,chemists cannot use any phase diagram to estimate Li salt sequences during evaporation at 25℃.The thermodynamic model proposed by us in 2003 represents the only tool for the prediction of equilibrium conditions during the evaporation of solutions containing Li^+,Na^+,K^+,Mg^2+/Cl^-,SO4^2-,and-H2O components at 25℃.In this paper,the predicted salt sequences of 20 brines are reported.The results indicate that (1) the first crystallized Li salt during evaporation of Li brine varies in brine composition;(2) lithium sulfate is crystallized in many cases initially for brines of magnesium sulfate subtype,while Db4 (Li2SO4 ·K2SO4 ) or Db3 (2Li2SO4 ·Na2SO4 ·K2SO4 ) appears first for sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate subtypes with lower Mg/Li composition,and the final eutectic point is H+LiC+Lc+Ls+Car;(3) the final eutectic point is H+LiC+Lc+Car for brines of chloride type;and (4) Li content corresponding to the first crystallized Li salt is in the range of 0.43%-1%.These findings enhance our knowledge of Li chemistry and provide insights into solar pond technology of the Li-brine process.
文摘目的探讨抑制糖原合酶激酶3β活性对少突胶质前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞的影响。方法原代分离培养少突胶质前体细胞,采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色技术检测糖原合酶激酶3β在少突胶质前体细胞和少突胶质细胞中的表达。利用1.5 m M氯化锂抑制糖原合酶激酶3β96 h,采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色技术检测糖原合酶激酶3β对少突胶质前体细胞发育的影响。结果随着少突胶质前体细胞发育为少突胶质细胞,总的糖原合酶激酶3β的表达量不变,而非活性形式的糖原合酶激酶3β(磷酸化的糖原合酶激酶3β)减少,说明活性糖原合酶激酶3β增加。加入氯化锂后,磷酸化的糖原合酶激酶3β显著增加,表明活性糖原合酶激酶3β减少,并且成熟的少突胶质细胞的标记物髓鞘碱性蛋白的信号显著减弱,表明抑制糖原合酶激酶3β的活性后明显阻碍了少突胶质前体细胞正常的分化过程。结论糖原合酶激酶3β在少突胶质前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞的过程中起着重要的作用。
