Ordering and atom clustering in aging binary Al-Li alloy has been investigated by computer simulation through calculating the long range order (Iro.) parameter and composition deviation order parameter from single-sit...Ordering and atom clustering in aging binary Al-Li alloy has been investigated by computer simulation through calculating the long range order (Iro.) parameter and composition deviation order parameter from single-site occupation probabilities of Li atom. The results show that when the alloy lies in metastable region in the phase diagram ordering and atom clustering occur simultaneously. As the composition of the alloy increases ordering occurs earlier than atom clustering gradually. When the alloy lies in instable region atom clustering takes place after the congruent ordering completes. It has also been found that the incubation period of the phase transformation is shortened as the composition increases.展开更多
A copper based binary alloy containing 16.9 at % lithium has been bombarded with deuterium ions in energy range of 400 eV to 2 keV at the incidence angles of 70° and 80° away from the surface normal. The spu...A copper based binary alloy containing 16.9 at % lithium has been bombarded with deuterium ions in energy range of 400 eV to 2 keV at the incidence angles of 70° and 80° away from the surface normal. The sputtered flux was condensed on Al- strips arranged arround the target in a cylindrical cup. 1.5 MeV proton backscattering and nuclear reaction 7Li(p, α)4He were used to detect the collected atoms of Cu and Li simultaneously. The angular distribution of sputtered atoms has been shown to be different for two components and strongly anisotropic for the grazing incidence. According to direct knock-on sputtering model and the experimental results the angle for the maximum differential sputtering yield is dependent on the incidence angle α, the bombarding energy E, the energy transfer factor γ= 4M1M2/(M1+ M2)2 and the surface binding energy U. With the assumption that the sputtered particles are diffracted by a planar barrier the surface binding energies of 2.3 eV for the Li component and 3.0 eV for the Cu component have been determined by fitting the measured angles of preferred ejection to the direct knock-on sputtering model, and the results agree well with a pair-binding model.展开更多
In <span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">framework of the variational Monte Carlo method, the ground states of...In <span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">framework of the variational Monte Carlo method, the ground states of the lithium atom and l</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ithium like ions up to <i>Z</i> = 10 in an external strong magnetic field are evaluated. Furthermore, the two low-lying excited states <img src="Edit_d92f9e9d-e574-4fa3-91fb-a153db020509.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /> <img src="Edit_5bf0039b-89f7-4346-a3cb-178f5df359cf.png" width="0" height="0" alt="" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /><img src="Edit_41f9b122-3fdc-4f01-9470-542944413516.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">and <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /><span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> <img src="Edit_79f5e8c8-0b24-4dfd-8b9e-080183cc967f.png" alt="" /></span>of the lithium atom in strong magnetic field are also investigated</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Simple trial wave functions for lithium are used.</span>展开更多
文摘Ordering and atom clustering in aging binary Al-Li alloy has been investigated by computer simulation through calculating the long range order (Iro.) parameter and composition deviation order parameter from single-site occupation probabilities of Li atom. The results show that when the alloy lies in metastable region in the phase diagram ordering and atom clustering occur simultaneously. As the composition of the alloy increases ordering occurs earlier than atom clustering gradually. When the alloy lies in instable region atom clustering takes place after the congruent ordering completes. It has also been found that the incubation period of the phase transformation is shortened as the composition increases.
文摘A copper based binary alloy containing 16.9 at % lithium has been bombarded with deuterium ions in energy range of 400 eV to 2 keV at the incidence angles of 70° and 80° away from the surface normal. The sputtered flux was condensed on Al- strips arranged arround the target in a cylindrical cup. 1.5 MeV proton backscattering and nuclear reaction 7Li(p, α)4He were used to detect the collected atoms of Cu and Li simultaneously. The angular distribution of sputtered atoms has been shown to be different for two components and strongly anisotropic for the grazing incidence. According to direct knock-on sputtering model and the experimental results the angle for the maximum differential sputtering yield is dependent on the incidence angle α, the bombarding energy E, the energy transfer factor γ= 4M1M2/(M1+ M2)2 and the surface binding energy U. With the assumption that the sputtered particles are diffracted by a planar barrier the surface binding energies of 2.3 eV for the Li component and 3.0 eV for the Cu component have been determined by fitting the measured angles of preferred ejection to the direct knock-on sputtering model, and the results agree well with a pair-binding model.
文摘In <span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">framework of the variational Monte Carlo method, the ground states of the lithium atom and l</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ithium like ions up to <i>Z</i> = 10 in an external strong magnetic field are evaluated. Furthermore, the two low-lying excited states <img src="Edit_d92f9e9d-e574-4fa3-91fb-a153db020509.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span></span></span><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /> <img src="Edit_5bf0039b-89f7-4346-a3cb-178f5df359cf.png" width="0" height="0" alt="" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEoAAAAmCAYAAABj5g1QAAACiUlEQVRoBe2Y643sIAyFXVcKoh6qoYb9sR1QwC3DVzzMG2ISImUjRhoNCUxy/HFsQgD3h0UAWKP2INygmCZ4BpQSCADuKxRTyruHrQelJR4Ex7QB8JD63RQY6paD0kphikXLA+GQ2TmGrtcNWQ6qitCk4QZVYalOGEft1KuwlCcUig+4yURVpZ4S61YrJQTy1jyN8vD3tavlgW+r/xFUuqQbsbRylSZhHpuU411CoaBHieKX93+moJvDIii6EAG7o1KJvC4p0YVWr4qpu7iOJPHP/S4HZQMvnAHQC7hXw8hl70nB5aCm5lRLlM0iRq7646BCwQdwKdUNeApbMtiDGqyYmXNpnN8J0PbpTvVIxNjmtKOcwDjTDlo8Lm9w6dgHfB6oS1HznGZ1EDBcn7rToByYtOaY2U+PL6HJ/pQHnXXlB7TwkLOTXqfTOz45f7U5DQpJ3Pl0X9Nk3cQDP4Ix6rsibB4UorP5I28FXG3izYFPr5BuafgvSD0nh1alddY21zUuYO8LR3XsAdezHaWlKLYVoxlNZ5fXnoKEiOWiEu9Ck8hL3/A/C76/KLFBmUDKlHB1YFJQUBYbNujy4ra790DqYTTSzmmqtca7NVrkQJgAFZ5PMhGtWfKOagbYENM5Fe5XPc27TXIzFX3a5e+5SOMkpKDLxMMBRTcvBDuhCqXdzlORXPOG4QwS9IQHB6RvHO5u5LmgAtn3N1alfB7p50B5V2elIQ/52tHXQPkS0axdHUJU4GkPmP2GGvspUFSw+0W3w4px+iOgmoV/afp9BBTDEteHFCt+yMbkivUDZ9K5m5HABhVZDFsb1BBP7NygIotha4Ma4omd8PPvF/f3nMEGxTTKBsUE9R9taPQ6EOddXwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="" /><img src="Edit_41f9b122-3fdc-4f01-9470-542944413516.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">and <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /><span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> <img src="Edit_79f5e8c8-0b24-4dfd-8b9e-080183cc967f.png" alt="" /></span>of the lithium atom in strong magnetic field are also investigated</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Simple trial wave functions for lithium are used.</span>