Relation between hepatitis B virus genotypes and gene mutation of basic core promoter in Li nationality

Objective：To investigate the relation between hepatitis B virus（HBV） genotypes and the double mutation of A-to-T nucleotide（nt） 1762 and G-to-A nt 1764 in basic core promoter（BCP T1762/A1764） in patients of the Li nationality. Methods：Subjects were 125 HBV DNA positive patients that belong to the Li nationality on Hainan Island. HBV DNA genotype was determined by real time fluorimetry polymerase chain reaction. BCP T1762/A1764 mutation was performed using the direct sequencing method. Results：The prevalence rates of genotype B, genotype C, genotype D, genotype C and D mixed infection（genotype C＋D） and genotype B and D mixed infection （genotype B ＋C） were 31.20%, 53.60%, 12.00%, 2.40% and 0.80% respectively. Mutation frequencies in patients infected with HBV genotype C（58.21%） were significantly higher than in those infected with other genotypes （P 〈 0.01 ）. The serum viral load of the patients with genotype C（5.74_＋ 1.21） was also higher than that of those with genotype B（P 〈0.01）. Conclusion：The major genotypes in the Li nationality were genotype C and genotype B. The infection of genotype D and mixed infection also occurred in the Li nationality. Genotype C HBV has a higher replication rate, and the different degrees of pathogenecity among HBV genotypes may be related to BCP T1762/ A1764 mutation frequency.

Study on the Relationship between 5-HttLPR Gene and BDNF Gene Polymorphism and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Nationality of Hainan Province

Objective: To investigate the correlation between 5-HTTLPR (5-and serotonin transporter linked polymer region) gene polymorphism and BDNF (brain derived neural factor) gene polymorphism and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorders) in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan Province. Methods: 167 Hainan Li PTSD patients, 141 Hainan Han PTSD patients and 158 healthy volunteers (control group) were investigated by ETI, caps, Toh, WCST, TMT and WAIS-RC. The polymorphisms of rs6265 locus of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes were detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and page (polycylamide gel electrophoresis), and the correlation with PTSD was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of Li PTSD patients were significantly higher than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). The comprehension, picture filling, picture arrangement, operation IQ and total IQ of WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01);The numbers of errors, TMT and Toh in WCST were significantly lower than those in Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotype and allele between Li PTSD patients and control group (P > 0.05). SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR and (GA + AA) genotype of rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Hainan Han population. AA and GA + AA genotypes at rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Li population (P < 0.05). Among Li PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score, TMT time, Toh planning time and execution time of AA genotype at rs6265 locus were significantly higher than those of GG genotype;the total scores of comprehension and operation IQ, and Toh in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those in GG genotype (P < 0.05). Among Han PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR were significantly higher than those of LL genotype, and the comprehension, arithmetic and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of LL genotype;The ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of patients with (GA + AA) genotype at rs6265 locus were also significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype. The comprehension and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype. The number of WCST errors in patients with AA genotype was significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype, and the operational IQ in WAIS-RC was significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR and the GG genotype of rs6265 locus are related to PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan, which are important protective factors for PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan.

Correlation Analysis of 5-<i>HTTLPR</i>Polymorphism and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Nationalities of Hainan Province

Objective: To analyse the correlation of 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and PTSD in Li and Han nationalities of Hainan Province. Methods: Essen trauma inventory (ETI), clinician administered post-traumatic stress disorders scale, (CAPS), tower of Hanoi (TOH), wsiconsin card sorting test (WCST), trail making test (TMT) and wechsler adult intelligence scale revised China (WAIS-RC) were used to investigate patients with PTSD and healthy volunteers (control group). PCR and PPGE were used to detect the polymorphism of 5-HTTLPR gene and analyze its correlation with PTSD. Results: The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of Li nationality patients with PTSD were significantly higher than those of Han nationality patients with PTSD, and the IQ of comprehension and operation in WAIS-RC was significantly lower than that of Han nationality patients with PTSD (P < 0.05). The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of 5-HTTLPR genotype in Li nationality and Han nationality patients with PTSD were significantly higher than those of LL genotype, and the perception, calculation and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of LL genotype patients (P Conclusions: The SS genotype can increase the risk of PTSD in Li nationality and Han nationality people in Hainan. LL genotype is associated with PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan, and is an important protective factor for PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan.

Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

海南黎族传统习惯规则的法治化思考

长期以来,海南黎族乡村已形成具有普遍约束力的传统习惯规则,在调适人际关系、村民纠纷、维护族内稳定及规范生活秩序等方面发挥着重要作用。从现实意义来看,黎族传统习惯规则背后所蕴含的法观念与时代要求和现代理念在一定程度上较为契合,有其存在的意义和价值。与此同时,部分不合时宜的传统习惯规则仍需进一步甄别和扬弃,应当纳入法治化轨道予以调适。

清末亳州籍将军李永芳西征研究

清末时期亳州籍将领李永芳,自14岁起便随父亲及兄弟投身于沙场。19世纪六七十年代,受太平天国、捻军、陕甘回民叛乱等事件影响,新疆库车、伊犁等地相继爆发叛乱,天山南北先后建立了5个封建割据政权。沙俄借机入侵伊犁,阿古柏趁乱占据南疆,建立政教合一的哲德沙尔汗国,染指了大半个新疆,国家陷入空前危机。李永芳所属的嵩武军随左宗棠进疆平叛,先是驻屯哈密,在收复吐鲁番的战斗中建功,后又进行南疆剿匪和参与收复伊犁,战后驻守南疆,进行战后重建,用青春和生命维护了国家的统一与安宁,谱写了一曲精忠报国的壮丽篇章。

南北方扎经染色织造技艺与艺术风格差异研究——以海南黎族绞缬染锦与新疆维吾尔族艾德莱斯绸为例

扎经染色织造技艺在我国有着悠远的历史,其在满足人们物质、审美、精神等多方面需求的同时,也呈现出文化的交流与融合。海南黎族绞缬染锦与新疆艾德莱斯绸均运用到了扎经染色织造技艺,在不同地域与文化背景中,二者既体现出相同技艺的类似之处,又有着较大的差别。本文从比较分析的研究视角,基于对两地扎经染色织造技艺的考察,从其技艺源流发展谈起,重点就二者在制作技艺以及织物风格方面的异同进行梳理,探索它们所包含的文化意义与民族文化精神。

《周礼》国土景观的象数渊源与数理秩序解析

揭示象数对中国古代空间与自然规律的关联逻辑,是理解国土景观秩序生成的思维基础,也是传承“大国山河”独特气质的可行思路。基于上古天文历法与《周易》“象-数-理”体系,厘清《周礼》“山-水-田-城”景观以象数为媒的“敬天”思路。结合《周易》象数易理,剖析其中“结构”“等级”“单元”“均列”的空间映射模式。据此解析象数对《周礼》国土景观秩序营构的影响:从全域“辨方正位”的“山-水-田-城”结构同构与等级列位,到局域“体国经野”的土地等单元衍生与聚落均列分布,最终实现“天人合一”的人居理想追求。研究将为当代国土景观遗产价值提供新的认知。

甘肃连城国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性及种-多度分布

为明确甘肃连城国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性及种-多度分布情况,采用样线法,共选定8条样线进行蝴蝶标本采集,并对保护区内不同生境蝴蝶的多样性及种-多度分布进行分析。结果显示:共采集标本998号,隶属7科60属102种。保护区内优势科主要为粉蝶科(Pieridae)与蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae);优势种主要集中在粉蝶科,包括箭纹绢粉蝶(Aporia procris)、绢粉蝶(Aporia crataegi)、秦岭绢粉蝶(Aporia tsinglingica)等。区系分析表明,保护区内古北种占34.31%,东洋种占19.61%,广布种占46.08%,其中广布种占主导地位。各样线的多样性指数表明,样线Ⅴ(森林-灌丛-草甸)的科级多样性指数、优势度指数、物种丰富度指数及个体数均为最高,样线Ⅲ(森林)的属级多样性指数最高,样线Ⅱ(森林-灌丛)均匀度指数、种级多样性指数最高。相似性结果表明:样线Ⅲ(森林)和样线Ⅷ(森林)的相似性系数最高(0.509 1),呈中等相似;样线Ⅱ(森林-灌丛)和样线Ⅳ(森林-灌丛),样线Ⅲ(森林)和样线Ⅳ(森林-灌丛)相似性系数分别为0.230 8、0.229 7,位于极不相似区间,其余样线之间皆处于中等不相似。种-多度分析显示,保护区蝶类总体呈对数级正态分布,而样线Ⅴ与样线Ⅲ与Preston对数正态模型的吻合度较高,且样线Ⅴ的拟合效果最佳。表明样线Ⅴ(森林-灌丛-草甸)的生境条件优于其他样线,蝶类对其具有较高适应性。总体来看,保护区内生境良好,结构稳定,有利于蝴蝶群落生存。但不同生境及人为干扰等因素是影响蝴蝶多样性的主要原因,应对保护区内生境加强保护,减少对环境的破坏,从而使得保护区内生物多样性保持稳定水平。

李贽民族观的四维向度探赜

李贽出任姚安知府时,力排边疆民族地区治理难题,以民计民生为念,通过多方面施政举措推动姚安政清民安。李贽为姚安留下治绩,同时也为历史留下李贽民族观这一文化遗产。“至人之治”是李贽民族观的主要内涵,“华夷无间”是李贽民族观形成的重要逻辑。李贽民族观体现“和合共生”这一中华优秀传统文化重要基因,具有丰富的当代价值。当下要从形成时代背景、主要内涵、逻辑意蕴、当代价值等4个维度把握李贽民族观,古为今用,守正创新,推动中华民族共同体建设。

海南黎族藤编艺术之工艺探微

海南黎族民间传统藤编艺术历史悠久,黎族藤编器物类型丰富、用途广泛、外观精美、技艺独特,文化价值与艺术价值较高。想要更好地保护与传承海南黎族藤编非遗传统手工艺不仅仅需要深入了解其起源与发展,还需要探究工艺设计、编织技巧等。本文在收集和整理了大量藤编实物的基础上,对其进行艺术鉴赏和整理,绘制了藤编器物的具体编织技法,力图对黎族藤编技艺的了解进一步完善和深化,同时为后期研究黎族藤编技艺在当代服饰品设计中的创新应用打下基础。

周代里制性质索隐

西周里之民居单位说和度制单位说各有依据,但各执一偏。从国家形态和社会结构层面考察,在西周宗族城邦时代,里是以宗族血缘关系为基础的民居单位和土地管理单位的统一体;里君由贵族担任,是国家政务官,既治民亦治地,而以治民为主。随着宗族城邦向领土国家转变,国野之别消弭,原隶属统治宗族由宗主支配的农夫、土地逐步隶属国家,里在国家行政结构中的地位下沉,“书社”即这一过程的历史体现,而非史家认为的农村公社。至战国,领土国家形成,宗族血缘关系从国家行政中剥离,新型户籍制度形成,国家直接控制编户和土地,以人量地、以地治民、人地合一控制体系法典化,里成为人地并治并以治民为主以保证国家赋役最大化的基层行政单位。西汉授田制瓦解,里蜕变为基层民居组织。

台湾地区排湾族与海南黎族女子服饰比较研究

服饰记载了不同地域服饰社会文化、生活习俗和审美意识,成为地域特色显著的文化符号。台湾地区排湾族与海南黎族女子服饰形制比较接近,通过实地调研,针对两个民族服饰形制对比研究,分析其服饰成因的共同点,为台琼民族服饰艺术交流提供依据,为服装设计师拓宽创意设计的思路,弘扬民族服饰文化。

黎族服饰纹样在现代服装设计中的创新性应用

作为中国少数民族之一,海南黎族服饰纹样承载着深厚的历史沉淀和文化底蕴,具有重要的应用价值。对黎族服饰纹样进行深入研究,对色彩和构图特征进行总结,可以更好地将其应用到现代服装设计中,实现有效传承和创新,进一步推动黎族服饰的现代性发展。

黎族独生子女在大五人格与黎族大学生适应性之间的调节作用

为了探究大五人格对黎族大学生适应性的影响,并考察独生子女在两者间的调节作用,采用大五人格问卷和大学生适应性量表对460名黎族大学生进行调查研究。结果显示(1)神经质能负向预测黎族学生的适应性(β=-1.47,t=-6.21,P<0.001),独生子女起调节作用(β=0.52,t=4.16,P<0.001),即相对非独生子女而言,神经质特征越明显,独生子女的适应性越差;(2)尽责性能正向预测黎族学生的适应性(β=0.59,t=2.74,P<0.01),独生子女起调节作用(β=-0.24,t=-2.04,P<0.05),即相对非独生子女而言,尽责性特征越明显,独生子女的适应性越强。黎族父母在培养独生子女的人格特征时,须减弱神经质特征和增强尽责性特征,以提高其适应性。

储能用锂离子电池安全评价标准现状

锂离子电池装机量不断增加,锂离子电池安全问题可能诱发储能系统的事故。为更好地开展储能用锂离子电池标准制修订工作,促进储能用锂离子电池产业高质量发展,调研产业发展概况,分析国内外储能用锂离子电池安全标准化现状。目前,国际电工委员会(IEC)、美国保险商实验室(UL)和国内相关标准化机构均已制定基础准入标准,但存在部分标准考核不全面,缺乏适用性的问题,此外,缺少安全等级评价相关标准。后续标准制修订时,应以有效评估储能用锂离子电池的安全性为目的,注重锂离子电池多方面的考核,以此助推储能产业高质量发展。

生态文明视域下海南黎族优秀传统生态文化的创造性转化--以“中国式现代化蕴含的生态观”为指引

海南黎族优秀传统生态文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,对其进行创造性转化有助于走深走实中国式生态现代化道路和建设民族地区生态文明。黎族人民在长期生产生活实践中积累的生态观同“中国式现代化蕴含的生态观”在生态哲学思维、生态实践观念、生态保护目标等方面存在高度契合。基于黎族优秀传统生态文化蕴藏的经济、精神、制度、审美等方面的资源禀赋,着眼于现阶段黎族优秀传统生态文化创造性转化面临的开发之困、诠释之困、规范之困、发展之困等现实境遇,对海南黎族优秀传统生态文化创造性转化提出巧用黎族生态文化元素、激活黎族人民内生动力、细掘黎族地区村规民约、发扬黎族生态审美载体等因应策略。

电动自行车锂离子电池强制性国家标准解读

GB 43854—2024《电动自行车用锂离子蓄电池安全技术规范》已于2024年4月25日正式发布。总结GB 43854—2024标准的适用范围,从标准适用的电池和电池组两个对象,详细分析安全要求、试验方法和试验目的,阐释试验条件、样品要求和试验程序。对比分析GB 43854—2024与GB/T 36972—2018及T/BBIA 4—2023的异同。标准的全面解读,有望促进标准的实施应用和电动自行车行业健康有序发展。

李维汉社会主义民族思想对铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践指导

李维汉关于民族工作的理论与实践对新中国的民族工作具有奠基性作用。深刻总结李维汉处理民族工作的理论成果与实践经验,科学把握我国民族工作发展规律,对于新形势下铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进我国民族团结进步事业具有重大现实意义。

黎族传统聚落的植物与文化

黎族人民居住在热带雨林地区,其文化与植物形成了相辅相成的关系。植物在黎族文化中扮演着重要的角色,对黎族人民的生活和信仰产生了深远的影响,同时,黎族文化也影响着黎族人民对植物的认识和利用。文章运用民族植物学的研究方法,通过文献查阅和实地调研,研究黎族依托雨林丰富资源的发展过程中植物与黎族文化形成的关系,探究植物在黎族文化中的地位和作用。研究有助于为今后植物资源多样性保护及黎族传统文化多样性的保护提供理论依据。