Preparation, interfacial regulation and strengthening of Mg/Al bimetal fabricated by compound casting: A review

Mg/Al bimetal combines the advantages of both aluminum and magnesium and has broad application prospects in automotive, aerospace,weapons, digital products and so on. The compound casting has the characteristics of low cost, easy to achieve metallurgical combination and suitable for the preparation of complex bimetallic parts. However, bimetallic joint strength is low due to differences of physical properties between Al and Mg, oxide film on metallic surface and interfacial Al-Mg IMCs, which is closely related to the interfacial microstructure and properties. Therefore, how to control the interface of the bimetal to achieve performance enhancement is the focus and difficulty in this field. At present, there are mainly the following strengthening methods. First, the “zincate galvanizing” and “electrolytic polishing+anodic oxidation” technology were exert on the surface of Al alloy to remove and break the oxide film, which improved the wettability between Al and Mg. Second, the undesirable Al-Mg IMCs were reduce or elimination by adding the interlayers(Zn, Ni and Ni-Cu). Thirdly, the evolution process of interfacial microstructure was changed and fine strengthening phases were formed by adding Si element to Al alloy or rare earth element to Mg alloy. Fourthly, mechanical vibration and ultrasonic vibration were applied in the process of the filling and solidification to refine and homogenize the interfacial structure. Finally, some other methods, including secondary rolling, thermal modification, heat treatment and constructing exterior 3D morphology, also can be used to regulate the interfacial microstructure and compositions. The above strengthening methods can be used alone or in combination to achieve bimetallic strengthening. Finally, the future development direction of the Mg/Al bimetal is prospected, which provides some new ideas for the development and application of the Mg/Al bimetal.

Preparation,Characterization,and Catalytical Application of MgCoAl-Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds

MgCoAl-hydrotalcite-like compounds （MgCoAI-HTLcs） were synthesized using the coprecipitation method of variable pH values. The effect of each factor on the preparation of HTLcs was discussed systematically, which included pH values, mole ratios of Mg2＋ to Co2＋, the concentrations of the solution, and the temperature and time of the hydrothermal treatment. Besides, the thermal decomposition of MgCoAI-HTLcs was discussed. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and FT-IR spectroscopy were performed to characterize the MgCoAI-HTLcs samples. The results showed that when the pH = 7.6-8.5 or 5.5-6.2, atomic ratios of （Mg^2＋＋Co2＋）/Al^3＋ 2 and Mg^2＋/Co^2＋ ranging from 1.00 to 2.00, temperature and time of hydrothermal treatment being 110℃ and 6 h, unique MgCoAI-HTLcs with high crystallinity could be obtained. When the calcination temperature was up to 250℃, the MgO phase was detected coexisting with Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 was highly spreaded on the derived mixed oxides. The synthesis reaction of benzoin methyl ether with methanol and benzaldehyde was chosen to study the catalytic activity of MgCoAI-HTLcs. The catalyst showed high activity and high stability in the synthesis of benzoin methyl ether in the feasible condition.

Preparation,Characterization and Application of ZnAlLa-Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds

The preparation of ZnAlLa-hydrotalcite-like compounds [ZnAlLa-HTLcs] wasstudied. ZnAlLa-HTLcs were synthesized by a method of variable pH with the raw materials ofZn(NO_3)_2, Al(NO_3)_3, La(NO_3)_3, and NaOH. The eS'ccts of some factors (i.e. pH values, the moleratio of Al^(3+) to La^(3+), temperature and the period of hydrothermal treatment) on thepreparation of HTLcs were discussed systematically. XRD, TG-DTA, FT-IR spectroscopy, and ICP wereperformed to characterize ZnAlLa-HTLcs samples, and the thermal stability of HTLcs was alsodiscussed. It was shown that unique ZnAlLa-HTLcs with high crystallinity can be prepared, under theconditions of pH = 5.5-6.5, n(Zn^(2+))/n(Al^(3+) + La^(3+))=2 and the atomic ratio of La^(3+) toAl^(3+) ranging from 0.07 to 2, hydrothermal treatment at 120 ℃ for 5 h. When the calcination ofthe HTLcs is performed at temperatures above 200 ℃, ZnO phase is detected with Al_2O_3 and La_2O_3spreading on its top. The complex metal oxides derived from ZnAlLa-HTLcs at 500 ℃ have highercatalytic activity and selectivity than those from ZnAl-HTLcs for the esterification of acetic acidwith n-butanol under the same reaction conditions.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations

AIM： To evaluate the bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations. METHODS： The bioavailability was measured in 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers following a single oral dose （equivalent to 200 mg of ranitidine and 220 mg of bismuth） of the test or reference products in the fasting state. Then blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma concentrations of ranitidine and bismuth were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICPMS）, respectively. The non-compartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Log-transformed Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） were tested for bioequivalence using ANOVA and Schuirmann two-one sided t-test. Tmax was analyzed by Wilcoxon＇s test. RESULTS： Various pharmacokinetic parameters of ranitidine derived from the two compound preparations, including Cmax, AUC（0-t）, AUC（0-∞）, Tmax and T1/2, were nearly consistent with previous observations. These parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax（0.67 ± 0.21 vs 0.68 ± 0.22 mg/L）, AUC（0-t）（3.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.7 mg/L per hour）, AUC（0-∞）（3.3 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.8 mg/L per hour）, Tmax （2.3 ± 0.9 VS 2.1 ± 0.9 h） and T1/2 （2.8 ± 0.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.4 h）. In addition, double-peak absorption profiles of ranitidine were found in some Chinese volunteers. For bismuth, those parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax （11.80 ± 7.36 vs 11.40 ± 6.55 μg/L）, AUC（0-t） （46.65 ± 16.97 vs 47.03 ± 21.49 μg/L per hour）, Tmax （0.50 ± 0.20 vs 0.50 ± 0.20 h） and T1/2 （10.2 ± 2.3 vs 13.0 ± 6.9 h）. Ninety percent of confidence intervals for the test/reference ratio of Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） derived from both ranitidine and bismuth were found within the bioequivalence acceptable range of 80%-125%. No significant difference was found in Tmax derived from both ranitidine and bismuth. CONCLUSION： The two compound preparations are bioequivalent and may be prescribed interchangeably.

Preparation of Compound Ultrafine CeO2 by Wet-Solid-Phase Mechanochemical Modification

To satisfy practical requirements from industrial applications, an alternate route for synthesis compound ultrafine CeO2 powders by wet-solid-phase mechanochemical modification using industrial grade hydrated cerium carbonate as raw material was proposed.The effect of modifier reaction percentage, reaction time, calcining temperature and modifier amount on particle size, density, suspensibility, and hardness of compound CeO2 powder was investigated.The phase evolutions of preparation process were characterized by XRD.SEM micrograph of the final product shows that compound CeO2 powders obtained are well-dispersed, spherically-shaped, uniformly-sized and submicron-sized particles.The method is readily available in raw material, low in cost, simple in process, and has great potential for industrialization.The compound CeO2 powders of different physical properties can be synthesized by controlling the above-mentioned influence factors in preparation process.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Compound Preparation on Viral Diseases in Poultry

[Objective] To develop a new antiviral agent with high and long efficacy, wide spectrum, low toxicity and low cost from traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their compound. [ Method] The ＂Quxie＂ （ i. e. eliminating pathogenic factors） drugs including Hedyotis diffusa and Loni- cera japonica and ＂Fuzheng＂ （ i. e. strengthening body resistance） drugs including Radix astragali and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were taken to form an antiviral herbal compound preparation. Taking the astragalus polysaccharide monomer as control, the experiment was constructed by using the agent to treat some naturally occurring viral diseases, including Newcastle disease （ND）, infectious bursal disease （IBD）, duck viral hepatitis （DVH）, avian influenza （Al） H9 subtype and avian swollen head syndrome. [Ressult] The effective rates of the agent for treatment of the above- mentioned diseases were 87%, 87%, 69%, 100% and 100%, respectively, which were higher than that of astragalus polysaccharide monomer. The cure rates for these diseases were 33%, 37%, 13%, 69% and 75%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of astragalus polysacchadde monomer （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The rates of poor therapeutic efficacy were 15%, 21%, 24%, 6% and 7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of astragalus polysaccharide monomer （P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Condusion] The Chinese herbal compound preparation shows good therapeutic effects on some avian viral diseases, which can decrease mortality rate and improve production performance of poultry more greatly than astragalus polysaccharide monomer.

Preparation for Supramolecular Complexes of Chiral Diols BDPDD, DMBDPD and BINOL with Some Prochiral Compounds

Interaction between chiral diols BDPDD, DMBDPD and BINOL with prochiral compounds was examined and some new supramolecular complexes were prepared. It was found that these chiral hosts could include prochiral guests, a, b-unsaturated compounds or piper- azinedione derivatives to give inclusion crystals in different molar ratio. Formations of these supramolecular complexes were characterized by the data of IR and 1H NMR spectra.

Preparation of Compound Ban Huang Oral Liquid

[Objectives] To determine the optimal preparation process of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Methods] Orthogonal test and other methods were used to optimize the preparation conditions of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Results] The optimal conditions determined were as follows: soaking for 12 h,decocting twice with 2 h per time,concentrating filtrate to 1. 18-1. 25 g/m L at 80 ℃,ethanol precipitating twice with ethanol contents of 600 and 750 ml/L,standing for 24 h. [Conclusions] The optimized preparation process is simple,feasible and stable,and can be used for preparing compound Ban Huang oral liquid.

Discussion on the Quality Evaluation Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Preparations

As an important representative of the modernization of the Chinese medicine industry,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations are an indispensable part of the development of TCM.The complex ingredients and unclear action mechanism of TCM compound preparations restrict the development of TCM.In line with this problem,the modern TCM research has made extensive remarkable achievements.From the single indicator in the past to multiple indicator,the research on the combination of TCM fingerprints and pharmacodynamics also has made great progress.The introduction of quality evaluation methods such as the"quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker","dose-effect"indicator,"Bioactive Equivalent Combinatorial Components"(BECCs)and TCM quality markers have brought new ideas for quality control of TCM compound preparations.

Anti-tumor mechanism of Angelica and its compound preparations

Angelica is a holy medicine for gynecology, clinically used for blood deficiency and chlorosis, dizziness and palpitation, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, constipation. In recent years, with the discovery of polysaccharides enhancing the immune function and anti-tumor effects of the body, Angelica has attracted more and more attention from researchers at home and abroad.

The Preparation and Application of Chitosan Compound Flocculant

[Objective]The research aimed to study preparation and application of the environment-friendly compound flocculant.[Method]Chitosan（natural biological product,CTS）,ferric sulfate[Fe2（SO4） 3]and polymeric aluminum chloride（PAC） as the main raw materials,four kinds of environment-friendly flocculants were made to conduct flocculation treatment on the domestic wastewater of Wuhan Bioengineering Institute.COD and turbidity of the wastewater as the main indicators,influences of the compound flocculant formulation,flocculant dosage and pH on flocculation effect were studied.[Result]CTS/PAC and CTS/Fe2（SO4） 3 compound flocculants had better removal rates for COD and turbidity when compared with single inorganic flocculant.The best volume ratio of CTS/PAC was 1.0：5.0.The smallest dosage of CTS/PAC in each 500 ml of water sample was 4.0 ml.When pH was 7.2,removal rates of the COD and turbidity were respectively 78.5% and 98.4%,which rose by 36.5% and 21.5% respectively than that singly using PAC.[Conclusion]CTS/PAC was a kind of ideal compound flocculant and had better application prospect.

Simple Preparation of the Photocatalyst of Sn^(2+)-doped Titania

Preparation method of photocatalyst, using TiCl4 and SnCl2 as raw material and photocatalytic activity of nano-scaled core-shell Sn^2＋ -doped titania photocatalyst was studied in this paper. The as-prepared samples were studied by UV-Vis, XRD, XPS, TEM. The particles of Sn^2＋-doped TiO2 photocatalyst, calcined from 150 to 600 ℃ for 5 h, possesses narrow particle size distribution and the sample was composed of anatase phase. Its photocatalytic efficiency was investigated by UV irradiation.

Preparation and characterization of wood/montmorillonite nanocomposites

With montmorillonite （MMT） organically modified as organophilic MMT （OMMT） and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin （PF） as intermediate, Chinese fir （Cunningharnia lanceolata） wood/MMT nanocomposites （WMNC） were prepared via nano intercalation compounding and characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. Results show that： 1） the preparation of OMMT is very successful; 2） the self-made PF can effectively intercalate into MMT to increase markably its gallery distance and even exfoliate its nano silicate laminae; 3） the XRD analysis indicates that some exfoliated MMT enters the non-crystallized region of microfibrils in wood cell walls and the crystallinity degree of wood in WMNC decreases; 4） the SEM graphs show that multiform MMT exists in WMNC. Some grains block in wood cell lumen, some layers adhere to the wood surface of the inner cell wall and some exfoliated nanolaminae even insert into wood cell walls; and 5） the FTIR analysis suggests that MMT and wood in WMNC perhaps interact via certain chemical bonding.

PREPARATION OF A SINGLE PHASE R_(3)(Fe,Mo)_(29)(R=Ce,Nd,Sm,Gd,Tb,Dy AND Y)

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预制烤鱼水分分布及关键挥发性风味物质分析

以即热型预制烤鱼为研究对象,采用低场-核磁共振技术(Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用技术(Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)对不同电烤条件下烤鱼水分分布及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明:250℃烤制20 min的烤鱼加工损失率最低,持水力最高。烤鱼中水分主要形式为不易流动水,200℃烤鱼的弛豫时间T22、T23最低,其次是250℃烤鱼,T2反演谱整体向左移动,说明水的自由度降低。250℃烤制20 min的烤鱼不易流动水峰面积占比(A22)最高,达94.03%,自由水峰面积占比(A23)最低,为1.93%,说明肌肉组织持水较优。在5组烤鱼中共鉴定出70种挥发性物质,主要为醛类、酮类、醇类及烃类等。通过相对气味活度值(Relative odor activity value,ROAV)筛选出关键挥发性风味物质分别为12、9、11、8和8种。5组样品贡献较大的风味物质为己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛等,其中愈创木酚和4-甲基苯酚是碳烤烤鱼特有的关键风味物质。通过主成分分析,不同条件烤制的烤鱼关键挥发性风味物质差异明显。相关性分析表明,A22与异戊醛、庚醛和2,3-辛二酮呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与壬醛和愈创木酚呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。该研究结果为预制烤鱼开发提供参考。

从铂化合物制备尾液中回收超细铂粉的研究

将不同的铂化合物制备尾液经过氯化铵沉淀,实现与其他杂质元素的分离,将铂转化为氯铂酸铵中间体,经液相化学还原得到超细铂粉。研究了中间体形态、(NH_(4))2PtCl6溶液浓度、分散剂种类及加入量对铂粉粒度、比表面积、形貌的影响。结果表明,铂化合物尾液种类不影响超细铂粉的形貌及颗粒尺寸,以PVP为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂,在优化条件下制备的铂粉平均粒度约150nm,纯度99.99%,直收率97.8%,颗粒形貌均匀、分散程度高、比表面积及颗粒尺寸均符合超细铂粉国家标准,方法可用于从多种铂类化合物制备尾液直接制备超细铂粉。

复合微生态制剂对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能和机体免疫功能的影响。选取体重相近的杜寒杂交育肥羊72只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中分别添加0.10%、0.20%、0.40%复合微生态制剂,试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊试验期末重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低肉羊试验期料重比(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊胴体净肉重、胴体重和屠宰率(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉羊饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂可以有效促进肉羊生长性能,提高肉羊屠宰性能和机体免疫能力;综合考虑养殖经济效益,复合微生态制剂在肉羊养殖中的推荐添加量为0.20%。

中药复方制剂对奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌体外抑菌活性及治疗效果评价

为探究中药复方制剂对奶牛乳房炎病原菌抑菌活性、临床疗效及免疫功能开展了本试验。根据中医辨证理论,将蒲公英、紫花地丁、金银花、丝瓜络等15味中草药自拟4个复方,以临床型奶牛乳房炎样品分离鉴定的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌为受试株进行体外抑菌试验。将30头患病奶牛分成3个组,选用抑菌作用较强的复方IV进行临床治疗试验,分别为高剂量组(40mL)、中剂量组(30mL)和低剂量组(20mL),并设健康组作为阴性对照。检测乳体细胞数和乳清ALT、AST、LDH、SA及淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)、嗜中性粒细胞吞噬力。结果表明,中药复方IV对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌的MIC值为31.25mg/mL,抑菌活性优于复方Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ;临床治疗试验显示,高、中、低三个剂量组对临床型奶牛乳房炎有效率分别为93.3%、85.7%、78.6%,治愈率分别为80%、78.6%、71.4%;治疗组给药7d后体细胞数、乳酶及白蛋白含量均极显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),其中高、中剂量组显著低于低剂量组(P<0.05);治疗后各组淋巴细胞刺激指数及嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率均极显著高于治疗前(P<0.01),而高剂量组嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01),显著高于中剂量组(P<0.05),与健康组比较无显著差异。综合表明,中药复方IV对奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌有较强的抑菌活性,临床治疗效果良好;能修复乳腺上皮细胞,降低体细胞数,提高患病奶牛免疫机能。

发酵复方中药制剂对肉鸡生长性能·血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响

随机选取400只试验鸡(1日龄AA肉鸡),随机分成4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.1%金霉素,处理Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.2%复方中药制剂,处理Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.2%发酵复方中药制剂,探究发酵复方中药制剂对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:1~25日龄,与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸡的日增重分别提高了2.24%、2.24%、4.50%(P<0.05),3个处理组肉鸡料重比与对照组相比均降低了2.21%(P<0.05);26~49日龄,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸡日增重较对照组分别提高了2.31%、4.52%、4.99%(P<0.05),处理Ⅲ组肉鸡日增重较处理Ⅱ组、处理Ⅰ组分别提高了0.45%、2.62%;处理Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比与处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比均降低了0.62%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗蛋白利用率分别提高了1.86%、1.77%、3.46%(P<0.05),处理Ⅲ组粗蛋白利用率较处理Ⅱ组、处理Ⅰ组分别提高了1.66%和1.57%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗脂肪利用率分别提高了0.98%、0.97%、1.76%(P<0.05),处理Ⅲ组粗脂肪利用率较处理Ⅰ组提高了0.77%(P<0.05)。由此可见,添加发酵复方中药制剂可以提高肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化性能,降低料重比,改善发病率、腹泻率和死亡率。