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A Set of Acupuncture Needles in the Late Qing Dynasty Collected by George Souliéde Morant
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作者 WANG Han PANG Yichao +1 位作者 ZENG Ruilin WU Kai 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2024年第3期233-240,共8页
In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported fr... In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported from Paris,France to Kunming,China,and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage.Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder,ten acupuncture needles,and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts.This article attempts to present the foundational information and historical significance of this collection of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments,consulting acupuncture professionals,measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments,and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags. 展开更多
关键词 George Souliéde Morant Qing dynasty Acupuncture needles Traditional Chinese medicine FRANCE Tags
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Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints
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作者 Jing-Jia Huang 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2024年第8期501-511,共11页
Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category w... Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected. 展开更多
关键词 genealogy of eccentric monks enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism sages in Chan Buddhism saints in Chan Buddhism Song dynasty
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On the Aesthetic Wonder and Unity at the Peak of Literary Theory in the Six Dynasties Key
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作者 Yang Jiyong 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2023年第7期290-302,共13页
The study found that the classics born during the turbulent Six Dynasties period,starting from Cao Pi’s“The Classics”to“Wen Fu”,“Wen Xin Diao Long”,“Shipin”and other classics,can all be analyzed to have a com... The study found that the classics born during the turbulent Six Dynasties period,starting from Cao Pi’s“The Classics”to“Wen Fu”,“Wen Xin Diao Long”,“Shipin”and other classics,can all be analyzed to have a common origin.Attributes,that is,the philosophical strategy of dualistic isomorphism of explicit and implicit,is also a pattern;it can be proven that this is the philosophical key to interpreting and studying the classics of the Six Dynasties.It not only governs many aesthetic principles and aesthetic methods,but also emphasizes the need to transcend the appearance of current existence,transcend the current utilitarianism,and pay attention to the hidden and non-existent,just like paying attention to dark matter and antimatter in the universe.Pay attention to the origin of Shipin and expand aesthetic horizons;this philosophical secret not only exists in the classics of the Six Dynasties,it has its unity,graphics and vitality,as well as its historical inheritance and continuous operation.Its trajectory marks the context of literary theory and aesthetics;the modern construction of contemporary literary theory must be based on its operating trends.Only by transcending all utilitarianism can we better demonstrate the natural characteristics of Chinese tradition such as nationality.Otherwise,literary theory,aesthetics,and philosophy will not be self-consistent. 展开更多
关键词 six dynasties Literary theory “Literary Fu” “Literary Mind and Diaolong” “Food” Explicit-Implicit Dual Isomorphism Philosophy Graphics
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Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)
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作者 Asaf Goldschmidt 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2024年第2期95-103,共9页
The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focu... The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine. 展开更多
关键词 Clinical encounter Medical practice Song dynasty Xu Shuwei Case records
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The Research on the Battle of Yanmen Pass
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作者 XING Cheng 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2024年第2期151-154,共4页
During the war between Liao Dynasty(907-1125)and Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127),there was a classic battle that happened in Yanmen Pass(located in today’s Dai County,Xinzhou,Shanxi Province,China).It was a well know... During the war between Liao Dynasty(907-1125)and Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127),there was a classic battle that happened in Yanmen Pass(located in today’s Dai County,Xinzhou,Shanxi Province,China).It was a well known battle of ancient China because a commander of the Song army named Yang Ye(?-986)was really famous in both classical Chinese fictions and Chinese war history.He is the early protagonist of a famous Chinese classic fiction named The Romance of the Yang family’s generals(written in the 16th century,Ming Dynasty of China).The story of his family also appears in other novels.Besides,in history,he was a general who was active in the early stages of the war between Liao Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty.The battle of Yanmen Pass(980)was one of the most important battles of Yang’s military career.His combat style especially his cavalry tactic can be summarized through researching this battle. 展开更多
关键词 Northern Song dynasty Yanmen Pass Yang Ye Liao dynasty cavalry tactic
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Tea of Harmony Yaji Cultural Salon·Tang Dynasty Tea Ceremony Activity Held at China Cultural Center in Stockholm
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作者 Zhang Ziwei 《China & The World Cultural Exchange》 2024年第7期12-13,共2页
An immersive Tang-dynastystyle tea ceremony interactive experience was performed before a full house at China Cultural Center in Stockholm in the afternoon of June 25,accompanied by the melodious tunes of Guzheng and ... An immersive Tang-dynastystyle tea ceremony interactive experience was performed before a full house at China Cultural Center in Stockholm in the afternoon of June 25,accompanied by the melodious tunes of Guzheng and bamboo flute. 展开更多
关键词 HARMONY dynasty interactive
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An Overview of the Achievements of Modern Research on the Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial
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作者 CHEN Honghui 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2024年第2期118-122,共5页
The current academic research on the Dian Shi Zhai Pictorial founded in 1884 has been perfected,but there is very little research on the Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial,which can be said to be derived from Dian Shi Z... The current academic research on the Dian Shi Zhai Pictorial founded in 1884 has been perfected,but there is very little research on the Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial,which can be said to be derived from Dian Shi Zhai Pictorial terms of both content and form,and which was founded by the Haiist painter Wu Youru in 1890 in order to reward the increasing number of admirers,but it is still in the initial stage.Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial consisted of four parts:pictures of ladies in Shanghai costumes,news about current affairs,pictures of animals,and compilations of women,each of which was accompanied by the then popular notebooks,which were popular at the time among the then readers because of the matching of pictures with text and the mixing of narratives and discussions.This paper takes Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial as the main object,summarizes the existing literature about Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial,points out the deficiencies of the current research on this basis,and points out the development trend of Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial in the future research. 展开更多
关键词 Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial Dian Shi Zhai Pictorial Late Qing dynasty’s pictorial
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Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty
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作者 LIU Xiyang GUO Zhiheng(Translated) 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2023年第1期17-32,共16页
Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic dis... Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits. 展开更多
关键词 Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies Epidemic prevention and control Knowledge diffusion Medical practice Qing dynasty
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Functions of Karez to Xinjiang Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Historical Documents
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作者 Danyang GONG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2023年第3期70-71,共2页
Desertification is increasingly serious in Xinjiang,and the construction of water conservancy is a precondition for the development of agriculture.The main project for the development of agriculture and water conserva... Desertification is increasingly serious in Xinjiang,and the construction of water conservancy is a precondition for the development of agriculture.The main project for the development of agriculture and water conservancy in Xinjiang is to build Karez,which played a vital role in the development of Xinjiang agriculture in the Qing Dynasty.It has been recorded many times in historical documents of the Qing Dynasty,such as Lin Zexu s Diary,Tao Baolian s Diary,Xinjiang Atlas and Zuo Zongtang s Memorial to the Emperor,etc.,which recorded the situation and historical origin of Karez.Karez made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture in the Qing Dynasty.It increased the cultivated land in Xinjiang at that time,and increased the types and yields of crops.It is conducive to the stability and development of Xinjiang s economy.Until today,Karez is still an important water source for agricultural irrigation in Xinjiang. 展开更多
关键词 KAREZ Historical documents in the Qing dynasty Xinjiang agriculture
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A New Inquiry Into the Contents of the Late Qing Dynasty Pictorial News Publication-The Core of “Entertainment Life” in Dianshizhai Pictorial
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作者 HUANG Zhuya 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2023年第1期33-43,共11页
After the opening of ports in the late Qing Dynasty,Western culture was introduced into China.The local entertainment life presented the phenomenon of the coexistence of the East and the West.A large number of folk en... After the opening of ports in the late Qing Dynasty,Western culture was introduced into China.The local entertainment life presented the phenomenon of the coexistence of the East and the West.A large number of folk entertainment activities were recorded in the Dianshizhai Pictorial which have the function of cultural choice and value dissemination as well as current affairs.This research attempts to use literary analysis and case study to collate the entertainment life in the Dianshizhai Pictorial,combing the characteristics of the late Qing dynasty,and summarizing the value of entertainment in Dianshizhai Pictorial publishing. 展开更多
关键词 Dianshizhai Pictorial late Qing dynasty ENTERTAINMENT Western style
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A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties
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作者 ZHANG Pei REN Siying 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2023年第4期187-190,共4页
During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and pros... During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry. 展开更多
关键词 Zen poetry social behavior the Sui and Tang dynasties
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Contribution and Modern Public Debt:On the Nature of Patriotic Public Debt in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
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作者 Chuanrong Huang 《Sociology Study》 2023年第6期309-314,共6页
There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency... There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued. 展开更多
关键词 donation and return modern nature patriotic bonds late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China
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Review of Dietary Therapy Development in Ming and Qing Dynasties
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作者 宋阳 刘理想 赵凯维 《World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine》 2023年第2期37-45,共9页
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of politics,economy and culture,the development of health maintenance of traditional Chinese medicine entered a heyday.Food therapy is an important part of the healt... In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of politics,economy and culture,the development of health maintenance of traditional Chinese medicine entered a heyday.Food therapy is an important part of the health theory of traditional Chinese medicine.In the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization,you can see the record of food therapy everywhere.It can be said that food therapy of traditional Chinese medicine develops together with traditional Chinese medicine.As a treasure in the treasure-house of Chinese medicine,food therapy has a long history and rich practice.Based on the current research,further research on relevant theories remains to be carried out.Focusing on the historical period of Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper takes the works related to food,nutrition and therapy(including general works and monographs on diet),the health thoughts and practice characteristics of representative health practitioners as the research perspective,and sorts out the above research contents in the past 20 years,analyzes the research overview and trend.It is found that in the study of food nourishing in Ming and Qing dynasties,there are few studies on the contents of diet nourishing in the general works.This suggests that when we study the development of diet nourishing in Ming and Qing Dynasties,we should not only study the monograph of diet nourishing and the thoughts of doctors,but also pay attention to the diet nourishing thought reflected in the general works.The study of diet monographs in Ming Dynasty mainly focused on the textual research of wild plants,and the study of diet monographs in Qing Dynasty mainly focused on the application.The study on the health care thought of doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly focused on the views of food nourishing and personal health care.These studies are summarized in order to provide reference for further theoretical research and provide reference for contemporary research on food nourishing diet. 展开更多
关键词 Dietary therapy development Analysis of current situation the Ming and Qing dynasties
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Literary Construction of Liang Qichao's China Dream in Late Qing Dynasty--Based on the Perspective of Liang Qichao's Political Novels
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作者 Xiao Aiyun 《学术界》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第6期279-284,共6页
Liang Qichao actually influenced Chinese society of late Qing dynasty in a great and profound way.H e founded several political newspapers,pioneered a literary style called political commentary and wrote many politica... Liang Qichao actually influenced Chinese society of late Qing dynasty in a great and profound way.H e founded several political newspapers,pioneered a literary style called political commentary and wrote many political fictions,which fully embody his deep thinking over China’s destiny at that time under impacts of western politics as well as his practical activities.H is political fiction does not only pioneer new forms and contents of modern fiction,but also play a crucial role in leading numerous writers to construct a"Chinese Dream"literature by granting politics as theme of fiction and shaping of political heroes.W hat’s more,his political fiction also becomes a basis of integration between literature and politics. 展开更多
关键词 政治影响 梁启超 小说 文学 中国 晚清
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A First Tour of Wulong Pool——Nanjing city, the ancient capital of six dynasties, had kept lots of interesting places and historical relics for us to explore.
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作者 Zeng Liping 《China's Foreign Trade》 1994年第11期110-110,共1页
Last October, the Nanjing-based aiwan, Hongkong, Macao and verseas Chinese Literature Society went to Wulong Pool. Zhang Chao, vice-chairman of the society, invited me to go to see the place with him. We went eastward... Last October, the Nanjing-based aiwan, Hongkong, Macao and verseas Chinese Literature Society went to Wulong Pool. Zhang Chao, vice-chairman of the society, invited me to go to see the place with him. We went eastward out of Longpanli along bustling and seething Guangzhou Avenue. by the side of the high Suolong Bridge, we found a garden gate with flower- 展开更多
关键词 A First Tour of Wulong Pool Nanjing city had kept lots of interesting places and historical relics for us to explore the ancient capital of six dynasties
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Six area chapters of Suanshushu 算数书 The Book of Mathematics from Zhangjiashan Han Dynasty tomb 247: Analysis, English translation with notes
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作者 周序林 张显成 《出土文献综合研究集刊》 2018年第1期413-437,共25页
关键词 数学 历史 中国 考古学
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Chao Yuanfang and his Treatise on the Causes and Manifestations of Diseases
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作者 Yongxuan Liang Yinghua Huang 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences》 CAS 2023年第1期1-2,共2页
Chao Yuanfang was a famous physician of the Sui Dynasty.There is no record about his biography and life in official history.It is said that he served as an imperial court physician and the minister of the Imperial Hea... Chao Yuanfang was a famous physician of the Sui Dynasty.There is no record about his biography and life in official history.It is said that he served as an imperial court physician and the minister of the Imperial Health Administration from 605 to 616.Under the imperial order,he took charge of compilation of Treatise on the Causes and Manifestations of Diseases(Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun),the first book about disease causes and symptoms in history.According to the Emperor Yang Digging the Grand Canal(Yang Di Kai He Ji),a novel of the Song Dynasty,Emperor Yang appointed Ma Shumou as the head of the project.Unexpectedly when he arrived in Ningling County(now Ningling County,Henan Province)Ma fell ill with swollen limbs and chills,and couldn't sit up.At the moment,Chao was immediately sent by the emperor to help Ma.After examinations Chao believed that it was caused by invasion of the striated layer by wind.He suggested him to take steamed tender mutter with some medicinal herbs.Very soon the patient was cured.From above we know that Chao was proficient in medicine. 展开更多
关键词 GRAND INVASION dynasty
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Reacting to Epidemics:The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty
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作者 Asaf Goldschmidt 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2023年第1期68-75,共8页
Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Lia... Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s.The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations.Thus,casualties of wars,epidemics,or disease,especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and“their corpses often lay bare along the roads.”This new social environment created a need for general relief.The Northern Song government(960-1127 CE),especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong,established an innovative public health system to address this issue.The public health system included poorhouses,public hospitals,and pauper’s cemeteries.The first were more of charity organizations,whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for.In terms of rationale behind these institutions,on the one hand,they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial.On the other hand,it seems that Huizong’s deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics.This article depicts the background,the organization,and the functions of the system.The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government. 展开更多
关键词 EPIDEMICS History of medicine Hospitals HUIZONG Public health Pauper’s cemetery Song dynasty
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On the Creation Background and the Influence of Wei Zhuang’s Famous Poem:Lament of a Northwestern Woman
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作者 Liu Huo 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2023年第4期109-120,共12页
Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is th... Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is the profound empathy and compassion of the poet towards the civilians’plight.The poem was written during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty in the year Gengmao(883 AD).2023 is also the year Gengmao,so this poem has existed for a remarkable 1140 years.For over a millennium,this long poem remained submerged in history until the opening of the Dunhuang Grottoes at the turn of the 20th century.The deep compassion and commiseration towards the underprivileged masses conveyed in this long poem are reminiscent of Du Fu’s renowned“Three Poems of Separation.”Moreover,it is widely believed that this poem foretells the decline of the Tang Dynasty. 展开更多
关键词 Lament of a Northwestern Woman Wei Zhuang people’s character the decline of the Tang dynasty
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Sun Simiao,super physician of the Tang Dynasty 被引量:1
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作者 Min Li Yongxuan Liang Tingyu Fang(Translated) 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences》 2015年第2期69-70,共2页
Sun Simiao(58e682 AD)was a celebrated physician of the Tang Dynasty,whose hometown was Huayuan,Jingzhao(today’s Yao county,Shaanxi province).Known as the most long-lived physician in the Chinese medical history,he di... Sun Simiao(58e682 AD)was a celebrated physician of the Tang Dynasty,whose hometown was Huayuan,Jingzhao(today’s Yao county,Shaanxi province).Known as the most long-lived physician in the Chinese medical history,he died in 682 AD at the age of 102 according to precise record.He went through three dynasties,i.e.the Northern Zhou Dynasty(557e581),the Sui Dynasty(581e618)and the Tang Dynasty(618e917).He was worthy of longevity in terms of today’s perspective.When he was young,he devoted himself to the study of Taoism and many other schools of thought instead of accepting government offers to be an official in the Sui and Tang dynasties.Sun worked as a physician for the general public in his whole life.He was also the teacher of Song Zhiwen,Meng Shen and Lu Zhaolin,who were renowned scholars in the early Tang Dynasty. 展开更多
关键词 dynasty devoted PRECISE
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