It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cult...It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.展开更多
There are a large number of Mesozoic intrusive and volcanic rocks in western Liaoning of China,which is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction processes,and lithospheric destruc-tion of North Ch...There are a large number of Mesozoic intrusive and volcanic rocks in western Liaoning of China,which is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction processes,and lithospheric destruc-tion of North China Craton.Detailed petrographic,zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical studies of the Early Jurassic granites in Huashan pluton,Xingcheng,western Liaoning,indicate that the Early Jurassic granites were formed at 184-174 Ma,mainly composed of syenite and monzogranite.The geochemical characteristics show high contents of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)O+K_(2)O,low contents of Fe_(2)O_(3)and MgO,enrichment in LREEs and LILEs,and depletion in HREEs and HFSEs,and have a high content of Sr and low contents of Y and Yb,with weak negative Eu anomalies and slightly negative anomalies of Ce,indicating that they are a set of intermediate-acidic adakitic granites in high-K calc-alkaline series.All the facts significantly suggest that the Early Jurassic adakitic granites were formed at the active continental margin in the context of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction.展开更多
Liaoning has a long winter snowperiod with abundant snow,which is soft and thick in nature,presenting enchanting snow-white scenery away from biting cold.It is the most suitablefor outdoor ice&snow sports,with ice...Liaoning has a long winter snowperiod with abundant snow,which is soft and thick in nature,presenting enchanting snow-white scenery away from biting cold.It is the most suitablefor outdoor ice&snow sports,with ice&snow and hot springs complementing eachother.FromDecember14toDecember 20,2023,"Nihao!China"—2024China lce&Snow Tourism Overseas Promotion Season"launched"Liaoning Overseas Promotion Week".展开更多
The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we deter...The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we determine the township development types and their spatial patterns in Liaoning Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of township development types based on their general advantages had significant spatial differentiations.The planting,and livestock and poultry breeding township development types based on general advantages were mainly distributed across the central plain of Liaoning Province,China,and also concentrated in Dandong City−Dalian City along Yellow Sea coast,and in the northwest of Chaoyang City.The business and tourism,industry and mining,and residence township development types based on general advantages were distributed mainly along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt in the central and southern Liaoning Province.The ecology township development type based on general advantages was mainly distributed in the eastern and western Liaoning Province to maintain regional ecological security.Township development types based on non-advantages were sporadically distributed in the middle and western Liaoning Province.Based on the classification and spatial patterns,the differences between the distribution of twonship development types and the plan for the major functional areas of Liaoning Province were proposed which could provide the basis for the optimization of the major functional areas.展开更多
This paper introduces in detail the current situation of crop straw resources and comprehensive utilization in Liaoning Province and the basic situation of enterprises using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.I...This paper introduces in detail the current situation of crop straw resources and comprehensive utilization in Liaoning Province and the basic situation of enterprises using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.In addition,it analyzes in detail the problems existing in the production of organic fertilizers in Liaoning Province,and finally comes up with some recommendations for using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.展开更多
This study summarized the main achievements of farmers’training and rural informatization construction in the past few years,and explored the needs of rural informatization in western Liaoning Province.The current st...This study summarized the main achievements of farmers’training and rural informatization construction in the past few years,and explored the needs of rural informatization in western Liaoning Province.The current status of agricultural development in western Liaoning and farmers’needs for education and training and rural education informatization were surveyed.The construction of an education and technical support service platform for scientific and technological farmers in western Liaoning was proposed,aiming to use information technology to train modern professional farmers.Through independent and self-learning education and training methods,it is expected to promote great improvement in the scientific and technological quality and moral level of farmers in western Liaoning and cultivate professional farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management.展开更多
A new troodontid dinosaur, Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. This well pr...A new troodontid dinosaur, Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. This well preserved skeleton provides important new details of the anatomy for Liaoning troodontids, and gives new insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolution. Daliansaurus is distinguished from other troodontids by an enlarged ungual on pedal digit IV, which is approximately the same size as the sickle-shaped second ungual, and is differentiated from other Liaoning troodontids by a number of characters of the skull, manus, pelvis, and hindlimb. A phylogenetic analysis recovers Daliansaurus within a subclade of Liaoning troodontids that also includes Sinovenator, Sinusonasus, and MeL We erect a name for this group--Sinovenatorinae--and argue that it reflects a localized radiation of small-bodied troodontids in the Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia, similar to previously recognized radiations of Liaoning dromaeosaurids and avialans. As more Liaoning theropods are discovered, it is becoming apparent that small, feathered paravians were particularly diverse during the Early Cretaceous, and future work is needed to clarify how this diversity arose, which species coexisted, and how these numerous species partitioned niches.展开更多
A specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, represents a new genus and species of troodontid theropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype ...A specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, represents a new genus and species of troodontid theropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises an articulated skeleton with the presacral vertebral, shoulder girdle and forelimbs missing as preserved. Diagnostic features of the new species include nasals that are sinusoid in lateral view, absence of a passage connecting the antorbital and maxillary fenestrae, relatively large teeth, plate-like chevrons forming a band along most of the length of the tail, and a long neck between the femoral head and shaft. The temporal constraints of the three paravian groups (Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae and Aves) combined with the character distributions among the earliest known troodontids indicate a rapid evolution at the base of the Troodontidae.展开更多
We describe a new titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur, Borealosaurus wimani gen. et sp. nov., based on a distinctive mid-distal caudal vertebra from the early Late Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation exposed in the Shuangmiao ...We describe a new titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur, Borealosaurus wimani gen. et sp. nov., based on a distinctive mid-distal caudal vertebra from the early Late Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation exposed in the Shuangmiao village of Beipiao in Liaoning, China. We provisionally refer an isolated tooth crown, a middle caudal vertebra, and a right humerus from the same locality and horizon to this taxon. Borealosaurus is distinguished from other sauropods in its possession of opisthocoelous mid-distal caudal vertebrae. The occurrence of opisthocoelous caudals in Borealosaurus and the Mongolian sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia raises the possibility that these taxa pertain to an as-yet unrecognized titanosaurian subclade endemic to the Cretaceous Asia.展开更多
We herein describe a partial postcranial skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group in the Beipiao area of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. A suite of features it pos...We herein describe a partial postcranial skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group in the Beipiao area of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. A suite of features it possesses, including the camellate internal structure of its presacral elements, the existence of pneumatocoels on the proximal ends of the dorsal ribs, and especially the medially deflected proximal portion of the femur, definitively establish the titanosauriform affinities of the specimen. It differs from other titanosauriforms in having a craniocaudally elongate coracoid with a squared cranioventral extreme and a long, smooth, and slightly convex acetabular edge of the pubis. It represents a new taxon, Dongbeititan dongi gen. et sp. nov. Comparative studies suggest that Dongbeititan is a basal titanosauriform, more derived than Euhelopus, Fusuisaurus, and Huanghetitan, but less derived than Gobititan and Jiutaisaurus. Dongbeititan represents the first sauropod dinosaur reported from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province.展开更多
A new species of Darwinopterus,D.robustodens sp.nov.is described and named.Based on the new specimen,the diagnostic characters of Darwinopterus are amended and include:rostral dentition composed of well-spaced,spike-...A new species of Darwinopterus,D.robustodens sp.nov.is described and named.Based on the new specimen,the diagnostic characters of Darwinopterus are amended and include:rostral dentition composed of well-spaced,spike-like teeth;the longest teeth are confined to the anterior half of the tooth row;tooth alveoli have raised margins;nasoantorbital fenestra confluent;inclined quadrate;elongate cervical vertebrae with low neural spine and reduced or absent ribs;long tail of more than 20 caudals partially enclosed by filiform extensions of the pre-and postzygapophyses;short metacarpus less than 60 per cent length of humerus,fifth toe with two elongate phalanges and curved second pedal phalanx of the fifth toe with the angle between the proximal and distal segments about 130 degrees.The complete specimen of the new pterosaur D.robustodens sp.nov.provides much more osteological information.The differences in tooth morphologies between Darwinopterus modularis and D.robustodens sp.nov.suggest that they filled different ecological niches.The hard integument-bearing Coleoptera may have been the main food source of Darwinopterus robustodens.展开更多
Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other p...Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other pterosaurs preserved with skulls known from the western liaoning Province and its neighboring areas. This new pterosaur has more and larger teeth than those in other ornithocheirids. Its anterior nine pairs of teeth are larger than other teeth. The fourth pair of upper and lower teeth are slightly larger than the third pair. Overall, Boreopterus cuiae shows much small range of tooth size variation than Anhanguera piscator and Coloborhynchus robustus. The new taxon shares with other ornithocherids in having a relatively large size of the third and fourth pairs of teeth.展开更多
A new boreopterid pterosaur: Zhenyuanopterus longirostris gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is erected, based on the complete skeleton with a skull and lower jaws preserved. It is charact...A new boreopterid pterosaur: Zhenyuanopterus longirostris gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is erected, based on the complete skeleton with a skull and lower jaws preserved. It is characterized by: a large boreopterid pterosaur with a high number of teeth, where the anterior teeth are much larger than posterior ones; the length of the dorsal + sacral vertebrae is nearly half the length of the skull; ratio of the length of the humerus to metacarpal IV is approximately 91% and the, humerus, femur and third wing phalanx are all equal in length and the feet are specially small. It represents the largest boroepterid pterosaur discovered from western Liaoning and its surrounding areas so far展开更多
Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different fr...Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different from any known pterosaurs with skulls preserved from western Liaoning Province and its peripheral areas in that the anterior part of the mandibular symphysis is expanded, being widest between the fourth alveolus of each side. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is assigned to Ctenochasmatidae based on the following characters: the rounded anterior end of the lower jaw is spatulated and dorsoventrally flattened and marked heterodonty in the dentition is absent. It differs from other ctenochasmatid pterosaurs in having relatively small number of teeth. Liaoxipterus is distinguished from some ornithocheirids, which have expanded anterior parts of the mandibular symphyses, such as Anhanguera piscator, Coloborhynchus robustus in which the teeth of the new pterosaur are not as variable.展开更多
Based on the subdivision into three members of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, this paper deals mainly with the division and correlation of precious fossil birdand reptile-bearing beds of...Based on the subdivision into three members of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, this paper deals mainly with the division and correlation of precious fossil birdand reptile-bearing beds of the formation in the Dachengzi, Chaoyang, Dapingfang.Meileyingzi and Fuxin-Yixian basins. Among them, the precious fossil-bearing beds in the Dachengzi Basin may be recognized as the Xidagou Bed of the second member and the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed of the third member; those in the Chaoyang Basin may be confirmed as the Shangheshou Bed of the second member and the Dongpochi Bed of the third member; those in the Dapingfang-Meileyingzi Basin are as the Lamagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member; and those in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin are listed as the Tuanshanzi Bed of the second member and the Pijiagou Bed of the third member. Since these basins are distinctly separated and the bird and reptile fossils are mostly new genera and species, we have to use the associated fossil ostracod assemblages as index to correlate the Xidagou Bed with the Shangheshou Bed and the Lamagou Bed, and to correlate the Yuanjiawa Bed with the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed and the Pijiagou Bed. Primarily, we established the sequence of the precious fossil-bearing beds of the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. They are represented by, in ascending order, the Xidagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member, and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member. Obviously, this work has significance for the study on the time-space distribution and radiation of birds and dinosaurs during the period of the middle Early Cretaceous.展开更多
It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for th...It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.展开更多
A new tapejarid pterosaur Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. The skull morphology of Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. appears transitional between the skull...A new tapejarid pterosaur Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. The skull morphology of Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. appears transitional between the skulls of Sinopterus and Tapejara. The skull morphology (low crest) of Huaxiapterusjii indicates that Huaxiapterus is more closely related to Sinopterus than to Tapejara, which has a high crest. The relatively long and shallow skull of Sinopterus indicates that it is a primitive form. Huaxiapterus is more derived than Sinopterus but more primitive than Tapejara.展开更多
A new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a complete left maxilla with articulated premaxilla and lacrimal fragments, and a complete left dentary from the mid-Creta...A new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a complete left maxilla with articulated premaxilla and lacrimal fragments, and a complete left dentary from the mid-Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning, northeastern China. Cladistic analysis shows that Shuangmiaosaurus is a basal hadrosauroid, and comprises the sister taxon to Hadrosauridae. In both Shuangmiaosaurus and Hadrosauridae, the maxilla-jugal suture is butt-jointed, rather than finger-in-recess articulation as in other basal hadrosauroids. However, Shuangmiaosaurus does not possess such hadrosaurid synapomorphies as the diamond-shaped maxillary crowns with reduced primary ridges and reduced marginal denticles.展开更多
Pygostyle was previously considered as a unique structure of ornithothoracine birds, used to maneuver tail feathers. A similar structure from an oviraptorosaurian dinosaur was considered functionally associated with t...Pygostyle was previously considered as a unique structure of ornithothoracine birds, used to maneuver tail feathers. A similar structure from an oviraptorosaurian dinosaur was considered functionally associated with the rectrices as in birds. We report a pygostyle-like structure from a therizinosauroid dinosaur. The presence of filamentous integuments, but absence of rectrices, on the tail of this therizinosauroid, combined with other lines of evidence, suggests that the initial function of the pygostyle was not related to the rectrices.展开更多
In the early Proterozoic the Li'eryu Formation and Dashiqiao Formation of eastern Liaoning province, China, there are distributed Mg-rich carbonate rock formations, in which large to superlarge deposits of boron, ...In the early Proterozoic the Li'eryu Formation and Dashiqiao Formation of eastern Liaoning province, China, there are distributed Mg-rich carbonate rock formations, in which large to superlarge deposits of boron, magnesite, talc, Xiuyan jade etc. occur. The formation of these magnesian nonmetallic deposits was related to early Proterozoic evaporates; then these deposits underwent reworking of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism during the Lüliang orogeny and tectono-magmatism during the Indosinian-Yanshanian. Among other things, the Mg-rich carbonates formations, minerogenetic structures and ore-forming fluids played a controlling role in the formation of the mineral deposits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mineral deposits are products of combined processes of the coupling of ore source field, fluid field, thermal field (energy field) and stress field under certain time-space conditions in the early Proterozoic and the late-stage superimposed reworking of tectono-magmatism.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42301296)Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2022M723130)Key Projects of Social Science Planning Fund of Liaoning Province,China(No.L23AGL001)。
文摘It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0666108-02).
文摘There are a large number of Mesozoic intrusive and volcanic rocks in western Liaoning of China,which is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction processes,and lithospheric destruc-tion of North China Craton.Detailed petrographic,zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical studies of the Early Jurassic granites in Huashan pluton,Xingcheng,western Liaoning,indicate that the Early Jurassic granites were formed at 184-174 Ma,mainly composed of syenite and monzogranite.The geochemical characteristics show high contents of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)O+K_(2)O,low contents of Fe_(2)O_(3)and MgO,enrichment in LREEs and LILEs,and depletion in HREEs and HFSEs,and have a high content of Sr and low contents of Y and Yb,with weak negative Eu anomalies and slightly negative anomalies of Ce,indicating that they are a set of intermediate-acidic adakitic granites in high-K calc-alkaline series.All the facts significantly suggest that the Early Jurassic adakitic granites were formed at the active continental margin in the context of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction.
文摘Liaoning has a long winter snowperiod with abundant snow,which is soft and thick in nature,presenting enchanting snow-white scenery away from biting cold.It is the most suitablefor outdoor ice&snow sports,with ice&snow and hot springs complementing eachother.FromDecember14toDecember 20,2023,"Nihao!China"—2024China lce&Snow Tourism Overseas Promotion Season"launched"Liaoning Overseas Promotion Week".
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD1100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771106,41171092)。
文摘The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we determine the township development types and their spatial patterns in Liaoning Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of township development types based on their general advantages had significant spatial differentiations.The planting,and livestock and poultry breeding township development types based on general advantages were mainly distributed across the central plain of Liaoning Province,China,and also concentrated in Dandong City−Dalian City along Yellow Sea coast,and in the northwest of Chaoyang City.The business and tourism,industry and mining,and residence township development types based on general advantages were distributed mainly along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt in the central and southern Liaoning Province.The ecology township development type based on general advantages was mainly distributed in the eastern and western Liaoning Province to maintain regional ecological security.Township development types based on non-advantages were sporadically distributed in the middle and western Liaoning Province.Based on the classification and spatial patterns,the differences between the distribution of twonship development types and the plan for the major functional areas of Liaoning Province were proposed which could provide the basis for the optimization of the major functional areas.
文摘This paper introduces in detail the current situation of crop straw resources and comprehensive utilization in Liaoning Province and the basic situation of enterprises using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.In addition,it analyzes in detail the problems existing in the production of organic fertilizers in Liaoning Province,and finally comes up with some recommendations for using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.
基金Supported by Special Project for National Educational Information Technology Research"Twelfth Five-Year"Plan 2012"Study on Construction and Application of Education Support Service Platform for Scientific and Technological Farmers in Western Liaoning"(122330890)。
文摘This study summarized the main achievements of farmers’training and rural informatization construction in the past few years,and explored the needs of rural informatization in western Liaoning Province.The current status of agricultural development in western Liaoning and farmers’needs for education and training and rural education informatization were surveyed.The construction of an education and technical support service platform for scientific and technological farmers in western Liaoning was proposed,aiming to use information technology to train modern professional farmers.Through independent and self-learning education and training methods,it is expected to promote great improvement in the scientific and technological quality and moral level of farmers in western Liaoning and cultivate professional farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272022)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.JB1504)China Geological Survey(grant No.DD20160201)
文摘A new troodontid dinosaur, Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. This well preserved skeleton provides important new details of the anatomy for Liaoning troodontids, and gives new insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolution. Daliansaurus is distinguished from other troodontids by an enlarged ungual on pedal digit IV, which is approximately the same size as the sickle-shaped second ungual, and is differentiated from other Liaoning troodontids by a number of characters of the skull, manus, pelvis, and hindlimb. A phylogenetic analysis recovers Daliansaurus within a subclade of Liaoning troodontids that also includes Sinovenator, Sinusonasus, and MeL We erect a name for this group--Sinovenatorinae--and argue that it reflects a localized radiation of small-bodied troodontids in the Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia, similar to previously recognized radiations of Liaoning dromaeosaurids and avialans. As more Liaoning theropods are discovered, it is becoming apparent that small, feathered paravians were particularly diverse during the Early Cretaceous, and future work is needed to clarify how this diversity arose, which species coexisted, and how these numerous species partitioned niches.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Geographic Socicty+1 种基金Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China Chinese Acalemy of Sciences for financial support.
文摘A specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, represents a new genus and species of troodontid theropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises an articulated skeleton with the presacral vertebral, shoulder girdle and forelimbs missing as preserved. Diagnostic features of the new species include nasals that are sinusoid in lateral view, absence of a passage connecting the antorbital and maxillary fenestrae, relatively large teeth, plate-like chevrons forming a band along most of the length of the tail, and a long neck between the femoral head and shaft. The temporal constraints of the three paravian groups (Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae and Aves) combined with the character distributions among the earliest known troodontids indicate a rapid evolution at the base of the Troodontidae.
文摘We describe a new titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur, Borealosaurus wimani gen. et sp. nov., based on a distinctive mid-distal caudal vertebra from the early Late Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation exposed in the Shuangmiao village of Beipiao in Liaoning, China. We provisionally refer an isolated tooth crown, a middle caudal vertebra, and a right humerus from the same locality and horizon to this taxon. Borealosaurus is distinguished from other sauropods in its possession of opisthocoelous mid-distal caudal vertebrae. The occurrence of opisthocoelous caudals in Borealosaurus and the Mongolian sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia raises the possibility that these taxa pertain to an as-yet unrecognized titanosaurian subclade endemic to the Cretaceous Asia.
基金Funding was provided by the Bureau of Dalian Science and Technology,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project:2006CB701405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40672007)the Hundred Talents Project of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China.
文摘We herein describe a partial postcranial skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group in the Beipiao area of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. A suite of features it possesses, including the camellate internal structure of its presacral elements, the existence of pneumatocoels on the proximal ends of the dorsal ribs, and especially the medially deflected proximal portion of the femur, definitively establish the titanosauriform affinities of the specimen. It differs from other titanosauriforms in having a craniocaudally elongate coracoid with a squared cranioventral extreme and a long, smooth, and slightly convex acetabular edge of the pubis. It represents a new taxon, Dongbeititan dongi gen. et sp. nov. Comparative studies suggest that Dongbeititan is a basal titanosauriform, more derived than Euhelopus, Fusuisaurus, and Huanghetitan, but less derived than Gobititan and Jiutaisaurus. Dongbeititan represents the first sauropod dinosaur reported from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(90914003, 40872017)the Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology (J1003J0703)
文摘A new species of Darwinopterus,D.robustodens sp.nov.is described and named.Based on the new specimen,the diagnostic characters of Darwinopterus are amended and include:rostral dentition composed of well-spaced,spike-like teeth;the longest teeth are confined to the anterior half of the tooth row;tooth alveoli have raised margins;nasoantorbital fenestra confluent;inclined quadrate;elongate cervical vertebrae with low neural spine and reduced or absent ribs;long tail of more than 20 caudals partially enclosed by filiform extensions of the pre-and postzygapophyses;short metacarpus less than 60 per cent length of humerus,fifth toe with two elongate phalanges and curved second pedal phalanx of the fifth toe with the angle between the proximal and distal segments about 130 degrees.The complete specimen of the new pterosaur D.robustodens sp.nov.provides much more osteological information.The differences in tooth morphologies between Darwinopterus modularis and D.robustodens sp.nov.suggest that they filled different ecological niches.The hard integument-bearing Coleoptera may have been the main food source of Darwinopterus robustodens.
文摘Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other pterosaurs preserved with skulls known from the western liaoning Province and its neighboring areas. This new pterosaur has more and larger teeth than those in other ornithocheirids. Its anterior nine pairs of teeth are larger than other teeth. The fourth pair of upper and lower teeth are slightly larger than the third pair. Overall, Boreopterus cuiae shows much small range of tooth size variation than Anhanguera piscator and Coloborhynchus robustus. The new taxon shares with other ornithocherids in having a relatively large size of the third and fourth pairs of teeth.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(90914003)the Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(J0703)the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB70145)
文摘A new boreopterid pterosaur: Zhenyuanopterus longirostris gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is erected, based on the complete skeleton with a skull and lower jaws preserved. It is characterized by: a large boreopterid pterosaur with a high number of teeth, where the anterior teeth are much larger than posterior ones; the length of the dorsal + sacral vertebrae is nearly half the length of the skull; ratio of the length of the humerus to metacarpal IV is approximately 91% and the, humerus, femur and third wing phalanx are all equal in length and the feet are specially small. It represents the largest boroepterid pterosaur discovered from western Liaoning and its surrounding areas so far
文摘Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different from any known pterosaurs with skulls preserved from western Liaoning Province and its peripheral areas in that the anterior part of the mandibular symphysis is expanded, being widest between the fourth alveolus of each side. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is assigned to Ctenochasmatidae based on the following characters: the rounded anterior end of the lower jaw is spatulated and dorsoventrally flattened and marked heterodonty in the dentition is absent. It differs from other ctenochasmatid pterosaurs in having relatively small number of teeth. Liaoxipterus is distinguished from some ornithocheirids, which have expanded anterior parts of the mandibular symphyses, such as Anhanguera piscator, Coloborhynchus robustus in which the teeth of the new pterosaur are not as variable.
文摘Based on the subdivision into three members of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, this paper deals mainly with the division and correlation of precious fossil birdand reptile-bearing beds of the formation in the Dachengzi, Chaoyang, Dapingfang.Meileyingzi and Fuxin-Yixian basins. Among them, the precious fossil-bearing beds in the Dachengzi Basin may be recognized as the Xidagou Bed of the second member and the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed of the third member; those in the Chaoyang Basin may be confirmed as the Shangheshou Bed of the second member and the Dongpochi Bed of the third member; those in the Dapingfang-Meileyingzi Basin are as the Lamagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member; and those in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin are listed as the Tuanshanzi Bed of the second member and the Pijiagou Bed of the third member. Since these basins are distinctly separated and the bird and reptile fossils are mostly new genera and species, we have to use the associated fossil ostracod assemblages as index to correlate the Xidagou Bed with the Shangheshou Bed and the Lamagou Bed, and to correlate the Yuanjiawa Bed with the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed and the Pijiagou Bed. Primarily, we established the sequence of the precious fossil-bearing beds of the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. They are represented by, in ascending order, the Xidagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member, and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member. Obviously, this work has significance for the study on the time-space distribution and radiation of birds and dinosaurs during the period of the middle Early Cretaceous.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601114)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education(No.16YJC790080)+1 种基金Social Science Fund of Liaoning Province(No.L17CJL001)Education Project of Liaoning Provincial Department(No.JZ201783606)
文摘It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.
文摘A new tapejarid pterosaur Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. The skull morphology of Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. appears transitional between the skulls of Sinopterus and Tapejara. The skull morphology (low crest) of Huaxiapterusjii indicates that Huaxiapterus is more closely related to Sinopterus than to Tapejara, which has a high crest. The relatively long and shallow skull of Sinopterus indicates that it is a primitive form. Huaxiapterus is more derived than Sinopterus but more primitive than Tapejara.
文摘A new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a complete left maxilla with articulated premaxilla and lacrimal fragments, and a complete left dentary from the mid-Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning, northeastern China. Cladistic analysis shows that Shuangmiaosaurus is a basal hadrosauroid, and comprises the sister taxon to Hadrosauridae. In both Shuangmiaosaurus and Hadrosauridae, the maxilla-jugal suture is butt-jointed, rather than finger-in-recess articulation as in other basal hadrosauroids. However, Shuangmiaosaurus does not possess such hadrosaurid synapomorphies as the diamond-shaped maxillary crowns with reduced primary ridges and reduced marginal denticles.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40125006)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China(No.G2000077700)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX3-J-03).
文摘Pygostyle was previously considered as a unique structure of ornithothoracine birds, used to maneuver tail feathers. A similar structure from an oviraptorosaurian dinosaur was considered functionally associated with the rectrices as in birds. We report a pygostyle-like structure from a therizinosauroid dinosaur. The presence of filamentous integuments, but absence of rectrices, on the tail of this therizinosauroid, combined with other lines of evidence, suggests that the initial function of the pygostyle was not related to the rectrices.
基金supported by the Foundation for Development of Geological Science and Technology of the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China grant HY979830
文摘In the early Proterozoic the Li'eryu Formation and Dashiqiao Formation of eastern Liaoning province, China, there are distributed Mg-rich carbonate rock formations, in which large to superlarge deposits of boron, magnesite, talc, Xiuyan jade etc. occur. The formation of these magnesian nonmetallic deposits was related to early Proterozoic evaporates; then these deposits underwent reworking of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism during the Lüliang orogeny and tectono-magmatism during the Indosinian-Yanshanian. Among other things, the Mg-rich carbonates formations, minerogenetic structures and ore-forming fluids played a controlling role in the formation of the mineral deposits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mineral deposits are products of combined processes of the coupling of ore source field, fluid field, thermal field (energy field) and stress field under certain time-space conditions in the early Proterozoic and the late-stage superimposed reworking of tectono-magmatism.