Head lice are a public health issue, and resistance to available over-the-counter pediculicides is a concern. The objective of this randomized study was to evaluate the pediculicidal activity and safety of 1% Sodium C...Head lice are a public health issue, and resistance to available over-the-counter pediculicides is a concern. The objective of this randomized study was to evaluate the pediculicidal activity and safety of 1% Sodium Chloride spray (0.1709 M), (LiceFreee Spray®) compared to the current recommended treatment for head lice with 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse. Forty-two subjects were randomized equally into Sodium Chloride or Permethrin group. Products were applied to hair according to the label instructions. After application of the products at Day 1 and Day 8, pediculicidal efficacy and safety were assessed at Day 1, Day 8 and Day 15. Second treatment was only applied on Day 8 to individuals with observed live lice using the same products and protocols as Day 1. Proportion of lice free subjects per group, the reduction in number of live lice per head and adverse effects were recorded after each visit. The results showed significantly higher pediculicidal activity for Sodium Chloride spray (85%) as compared to Permethrin (45%) at Day 15 (p 0.05). Similar numbers of lice per head (21.76 range 10 to 68 versus 21.29 range 10 to 60 for Sodium Chloride and Permethrin groups, respectively) were observed for individuals at Day 1. At Day 15, lice per head infested reduced to 0.55 ± 1.50 in Sodium Chloride spray group compared to 5.45 ± 7.91 in the Permethrin group (p 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed in both groups. Sodium Chloride spray had superior efficacy to 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse in treating head lice and is a safe and excellent alternative to the current recommended treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crab lice(Phthirus pubis)infestation can occur at any age,to either males or females,and across all regions of the world.However,cases involving the eyelashes and adjacent eyelids(phthiriasis palpebrarum)ar...BACKGROUND Crab lice(Phthirus pubis)infestation can occur at any age,to either males or females,and across all regions of the world.However,cases involving the eyelashes and adjacent eyelids(phthiriasis palpebrarum)are rare.Usually occurring as a sexually transmitted disease,crab lice can be spread by poor hygiene or in a dirty environment through direct contact with contaminated skin(hands)or textiles(towels and clothing).CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 2-wk history of chronic eyelid pain and itching in the right eye,which exacerbated in the evening hours and which had not resolved following a 1-wk course of antibiotics and corticosteroid ointments(for blepharitis diagnosis from another hospital).A careful ophthalmic slit-lamp and light microscope examination revealed multiple crab lice and nits on the right upper eyelashes;the right and left lower eyelashes were normal.Following the new diagnosis of phthiriasis palpebrarum,the patient was treated by removing the affected eyelashes,the crab lice,and their nits completely.Additionally,the eyelids were washed once with povidone-iodine.A follow-up examination at 2 wk later showed complete resolution of symptoms and no evidence of re-infection.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis and complete removal of eyelashes,crab lice and nits to cure phthiriasis palpebrarum.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial pour-on ivermectin formulations against intestinal parasites (IP), fleas and lice in naturally infested stray dogs. Eighteen crossbreed dogs ...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial pour-on ivermectin formulations against intestinal parasites (IP), fleas and lice in naturally infested stray dogs. Eighteen crossbreed dogs with eggs of IP as well as adult fleas and lice were included in the trial. On day 0, the dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each: a group receiving a single pour-on treatment with 0.5% ivermectin (500 mcg/kg), a group treated similarly with 0.2% iver-mectin (200 mg/kg), and a control group. Fecal and skin analyses were carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine the reduction of eggs and the number of fleas and lice. Weight gain was also measured on day 28. On day 30, the dogs were humanely sacrificed in order to count adult IP. Efficacy was measured as the percentage of the reduction of eggs per gram fecal mass (EPGF), of adult IP, fleas and lice relative to the control group. For the eggs of IP, ivermectin at 0.5% showed an efficacy of 100% against ascarids and 79% against Ancylostoma caninum. ivermectin at 0.2% removed 90.2% of the ascarids and 50.4% of A. caninum. For adult IP, the efficacy of 0.5% iver-mectin against Toxocara canis and A. caninum was 100%, and for 0.2% ivermectin it was 62.4% and 76.4% for T. canis and A. caninum, respectively. Both compounds were 100% effective against lice and 96% and 71.1% efficacious against fleas, respectively. However, neither treatment was effective against Dypilidium caninum. Weight gain in treated dogs was statistically different from that of the controls (p < 0.05). We concluded that 0.5% pour-on ivermectin showed better efficacy than 0.2% pour-on ivermectin in the reduction of eggs and adult intestinal parasites and fleas;it was similarly efficacious against lice.展开更多
Pediculus humanus capitis are human ectoparasites which cause infestations,mostly in children,worldwide.Understanding the life cycle of head lice is an important step in knowing how to treat lice infestations,as the p...Pediculus humanus capitis are human ectoparasites which cause infestations,mostly in children,worldwide.Understanding the life cycle of head lice is an important step in knowing how to treat lice infestations,as the parasite behavior depends considerably on its age and gender.In this work we propose a mathematical model for head lice population dynamics in hosts who could be or not quarantined and treated.Considering a lice population structured by age and gender we formulate the model as a system of hyperbolic PDEs,which can be reduced to compartmental systems of delay or ordinary differential equations.Besides studying fundamental properties of the model,such as existence,uniqueness and nonnegativity of solutions,we show the existence of(in certain cases multiple)equilibria at which the infestation persists on the host’s head.Aiming to assess the performance of treatments against head lice infestations,by mean of computer experiments and numerical simulations we investigate four possible treatment strategies.Our main results can be summarized as follows:(i)early detection is crucial for quick and efficient eradication of lice infestations;(ii)dimeticone-based products applied every 4 days effectively remove lice in at most three applications even in case of severe infestations and(iii)minimization of the reinfection risk,e.g.by mean of synchronized treatments in families/classrooms is recommended.展开更多
我国的果树木虱主要有中国梨木虱(Psyllachinensis Yang et Li)、柑桔呆木虱(Diphorinacitri Kuwayama)、龙眼角颊木虱(Cornegenapsyllasinica Yang et Li),危害的果树主要有梨、柑桔和龙眼。木虱的防治技术已有一定的研究成果,应用较...我国的果树木虱主要有中国梨木虱(Psyllachinensis Yang et Li)、柑桔呆木虱(Diphorinacitri Kuwayama)、龙眼角颊木虱(Cornegenapsyllasinica Yang et Li),危害的果树主要有梨、柑桔和龙眼。木虱的防治技术已有一定的研究成果,应用较为广泛,但研究不够深入,尚待完善。综述了危害果树的木虱种类、危害情况及综合防治技术,并提出了防治对策。展开更多
基金Tec Laboratories Inc.provided funding for the study.
文摘Head lice are a public health issue, and resistance to available over-the-counter pediculicides is a concern. The objective of this randomized study was to evaluate the pediculicidal activity and safety of 1% Sodium Chloride spray (0.1709 M), (LiceFreee Spray®) compared to the current recommended treatment for head lice with 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse. Forty-two subjects were randomized equally into Sodium Chloride or Permethrin group. Products were applied to hair according to the label instructions. After application of the products at Day 1 and Day 8, pediculicidal efficacy and safety were assessed at Day 1, Day 8 and Day 15. Second treatment was only applied on Day 8 to individuals with observed live lice using the same products and protocols as Day 1. Proportion of lice free subjects per group, the reduction in number of live lice per head and adverse effects were recorded after each visit. The results showed significantly higher pediculicidal activity for Sodium Chloride spray (85%) as compared to Permethrin (45%) at Day 15 (p 0.05). Similar numbers of lice per head (21.76 range 10 to 68 versus 21.29 range 10 to 60 for Sodium Chloride and Permethrin groups, respectively) were observed for individuals at Day 1. At Day 15, lice per head infested reduced to 0.55 ± 1.50 in Sodium Chloride spray group compared to 5.45 ± 7.91 in the Permethrin group (p 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed in both groups. Sodium Chloride spray had superior efficacy to 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse in treating head lice and is a safe and excellent alternative to the current recommended treatment.
基金Supported by the Youth Program of Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital,No.YZQN16.
文摘BACKGROUND Crab lice(Phthirus pubis)infestation can occur at any age,to either males or females,and across all regions of the world.However,cases involving the eyelashes and adjacent eyelids(phthiriasis palpebrarum)are rare.Usually occurring as a sexually transmitted disease,crab lice can be spread by poor hygiene or in a dirty environment through direct contact with contaminated skin(hands)or textiles(towels and clothing).CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 2-wk history of chronic eyelid pain and itching in the right eye,which exacerbated in the evening hours and which had not resolved following a 1-wk course of antibiotics and corticosteroid ointments(for blepharitis diagnosis from another hospital).A careful ophthalmic slit-lamp and light microscope examination revealed multiple crab lice and nits on the right upper eyelashes;the right and left lower eyelashes were normal.Following the new diagnosis of phthiriasis palpebrarum,the patient was treated by removing the affected eyelashes,the crab lice,and their nits completely.Additionally,the eyelids were washed once with povidone-iodine.A follow-up examination at 2 wk later showed complete resolution of symptoms and no evidence of re-infection.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis and complete removal of eyelashes,crab lice and nits to cure phthiriasis palpebrarum.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial pour-on ivermectin formulations against intestinal parasites (IP), fleas and lice in naturally infested stray dogs. Eighteen crossbreed dogs with eggs of IP as well as adult fleas and lice were included in the trial. On day 0, the dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each: a group receiving a single pour-on treatment with 0.5% ivermectin (500 mcg/kg), a group treated similarly with 0.2% iver-mectin (200 mg/kg), and a control group. Fecal and skin analyses were carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine the reduction of eggs and the number of fleas and lice. Weight gain was also measured on day 28. On day 30, the dogs were humanely sacrificed in order to count adult IP. Efficacy was measured as the percentage of the reduction of eggs per gram fecal mass (EPGF), of adult IP, fleas and lice relative to the control group. For the eggs of IP, ivermectin at 0.5% showed an efficacy of 100% against ascarids and 79% against Ancylostoma caninum. ivermectin at 0.2% removed 90.2% of the ascarids and 50.4% of A. caninum. For adult IP, the efficacy of 0.5% iver-mectin against Toxocara canis and A. caninum was 100%, and for 0.2% ivermectin it was 62.4% and 76.4% for T. canis and A. caninum, respectively. Both compounds were 100% effective against lice and 96% and 71.1% efficacious against fleas, respectively. However, neither treatment was effective against Dypilidium caninum. Weight gain in treated dogs was statistically different from that of the controls (p < 0.05). We concluded that 0.5% pour-on ivermectin showed better efficacy than 0.2% pour-on ivermectin in the reduction of eggs and adult intestinal parasites and fleas;it was similarly efficacious against lice.
基金The work of MVB was partially supported by the LOEWE focus CMMS,as well as by the European Social Fund and by the Ministry of Science,Research and Arts Baden-Württemberg.The authors would like to thank Prof.Christina Kuttler(TU Munich)for initiating this collaboration.
文摘Pediculus humanus capitis are human ectoparasites which cause infestations,mostly in children,worldwide.Understanding the life cycle of head lice is an important step in knowing how to treat lice infestations,as the parasite behavior depends considerably on its age and gender.In this work we propose a mathematical model for head lice population dynamics in hosts who could be or not quarantined and treated.Considering a lice population structured by age and gender we formulate the model as a system of hyperbolic PDEs,which can be reduced to compartmental systems of delay or ordinary differential equations.Besides studying fundamental properties of the model,such as existence,uniqueness and nonnegativity of solutions,we show the existence of(in certain cases multiple)equilibria at which the infestation persists on the host’s head.Aiming to assess the performance of treatments against head lice infestations,by mean of computer experiments and numerical simulations we investigate four possible treatment strategies.Our main results can be summarized as follows:(i)early detection is crucial for quick and efficient eradication of lice infestations;(ii)dimeticone-based products applied every 4 days effectively remove lice in at most three applications even in case of severe infestations and(iii)minimization of the reinfection risk,e.g.by mean of synchronized treatments in families/classrooms is recommended.
文摘我国的果树木虱主要有中国梨木虱(Psyllachinensis Yang et Li)、柑桔呆木虱(Diphorinacitri Kuwayama)、龙眼角颊木虱(Cornegenapsyllasinica Yang et Li),危害的果树主要有梨、柑桔和龙眼。木虱的防治技术已有一定的研究成果,应用较为广泛,但研究不够深入,尚待完善。综述了危害果树的木虱种类、危害情况及综合防治技术,并提出了防治对策。
