Fermented liquid feed for pigs： an ancient technique for the future

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1：1.5 to 1：4. By mixing with water lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethano which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow＇s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.

Restricted Daily Feeding of Liquid Meal Reduces the Motivation of Rats to Get Food

To corroborate the hypothesis that mastication affects the motivation to get food, we examined the effects of dietary consistency on the development of meal anticipation in locomotor activity of rats subjected to restricted daily feeding (RF), in which food supply was restricted to a fixed time each day. RF of both liquid and solid meals produced anticipatory locomotor activity. However, the strength of the activity in rats subjected to RF of liquid meal was lower than that in rats subjected to RF of solid meal. These results suggest that the feeding-associated circadian oscillation that developed by feeding with liquid meal is less potent than that in the case of feeding with solid meal. Furthermore, mastication for digesting solid meal might be one of the factors that determine the strength of the feeding-associated circadian oscillation.

Energy Saving on Distribution of Liquid Animal Feeds at Pigsty Farms

This paper focused on the task of reducing power consumption and improving energy efficiency in the technological process of distribution liquid feeds in a pigsty. The liquid feeds in a pigsty are distributed to the stables via pipelines. A centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor is used to supply the liquid feed and to move it through the pipeline. The electric motor is the major electric energy consumer in the process. As shown by experimental data and as following the theory, there is a non-linear relation between the electric motor power, the pump throughput and feed humidity. The purpose of the paper is to calculate such an optimal value of the electric motor power that provides the minimal energy consumption on the process of feed distribution. The problem is solved by the Lagrange multiplier method of nonlinear mathematical programming, taking into account geometrical parameters of the pipeline, humidity and portions volumes of distributed feed. The energy saving effect is estimated and reducing power consumption is shown.

Effects of liquid feeding of corn condensed distiller's solubles and whole stillage on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory traits of pigs

Background： The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of liquid feeding high levels of corn condensed distiller＇s solubles（CCDS） and whole stillage（CWS） on growth performance, carcass characteristics, belly firmness and meat sensory traits of pigs.Methods： A total of 256 pigs were blocked by sex and initial BW（13.5 ± 2.5 kg）, and pens of pigs（8 pigs/pen） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments（8 pens/treatment）： 1） corn-soybean meal based diet as control, 2） 25%CWS ＋ 5% CCDS, 3） 19.5% CWS ＋ 10.5% CCDS, and 4） 19.5, 26, and 32.5% CWS ＋ 10.5, 14, and 17.5% CCDS in phases 1（28 d）, 2（38 d）, and 3（60 d）, respectively. Inclusion levels of CCDS and CWS for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were fixed during all the three phases of the experiment. Inclusion levels of CWS and CCDS were on 88% dry matter basis. The liquid feeding system delivered feed from the mixing tank to feed troughs by high-pressure air, had sensors inside feed troughs, and recorded daily feed intake on the basis of a reference feed intake curve. The pigs were fed 5 to 10 times per day with increasing frequency during the experiment.Results： Control pigs had greater（P 0.10） dressing percentage, loin muscle depth, and lean percentage were observed among the four treatments. Inclusion of CWS and CCDS reduced（P 0.10） the overall like,flavor, tenderness and juiciness of loin chops when compared with the control group.Conclusion： In conclusion, our results indicate that including 30–50% of a mixture of whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles in the growing-finishing diets may reduce growth performance, carcass weight and belly firmness, but does not affect pork sensory traits.

Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition of Diironnonacarbonyl in Ionic Liquid and Their Potential Use as Nanotracers for Mixer Studies in Liquids Feeds

Iron nanoparticles with dynamic light scattering median diameter around 10 nm have been prepared by thermal decomposition under a nitrogen atmosphere from diironnonacarbonyl (DINC) dissolved in n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF). The effect of temperature changes in the range of 170°C - 200°C and changes in concentration of DINC in BMIMBF in the range of 0.1% - 0.9% on the properties of obtained iron nanoparticles has been investigated. The stable dispersion of iron nanoparticle in ethanol has been prepared after separation of nanoparticles from ionic liquid by centrifugation following by their re-dispersion in ethanol. The possibility of quantitative analysis of iron content in ethanol dispersion by deposition of ferromagnetic nanoparticles on the surface of plastic-protected neodymium magnet, dissolution of iron in hydrochloric acid and addition of ammonium thiocyanate solution following by spectrophotometric determination of iron cations at wavelength of 490 nm has been investigated. The feasibility of using the same approach in case of addition of ethanol dispersion of iron nanoparticles to the liquid animal feeds for evaluation of efficiency of their mixing has been discussed.

First Systematic Testing Platform for Pressurization Feed System Developed for Liquid Rocket Propellant in China

Beijing Aerospace System Engineering Institute of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) declared recently that theinstitute has set up a laboratory whichwould operate a newly

Influence of the Feed Gas Composition on the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Commercial Operations

Key technical challenges relating to the Fischer-Tropsch （F-T） synthesis applied in the commercialization of coal/gas-to-liquids （CTL/GTL） technologies have been reviewed. Based on the experiences accumulated from pilot plant, semi-work test and lab researches, the influences of the H2/CO ratio and the CO2 in the feed gas on the F-T process as well as on CTL/GTL complex in terms of product yields, energy efficiency and carbon utilization efficiency have been studied. Being contrary to the current design schemes for F-T process using the coal derived syngas and the iron-based cata lyst, it is suggested to feed the F-T synthesis unit with a syngas having a H2/CO ratio of 0.5 and then adjusting to 1.4 via the recycling process. As a result, the carbon efficiency of the whole plant could be reached to as high as 50%. For the issue of CO2 addition to the feed gas, it is proved that only a diluting role is played under the current commercial slurry phase F-T process.

Assessment of Poultry Feed Contamination Level by Aflatoxin B1: Quantification by Two Chromatographic Analysis Methods

Aflatoxin B1 is a mycotoxin that can contaminate a wide feedstuffs variety. Ingestion of contaminated feed by poultry can lead to impaired health and zootechnical performances but also a human diet safety problem related to residues presence in animal origin products. Aflatoxin B1 contamination of poultry feed samples marketed in Dakar city and in peri-urban areas (Gorom, Sangalkam) was studied. A total of 15 samples were collected from Dakar city markets as well as from poultry farms in Gorom and Sangalkam areas. Aflatoxin B1 quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. HPLC results showed that all samples were contaminated with levels ranging from 0.15 to 22 ppb, 0.099 to 2.05 ppb and 0.099 to 4.95 ppb respectively for Gorom, Sangalkam and Dakar. Only the finishing feed from Gorom had an aflatoxin B1 level above the maximum limit set by regulations. TLC is a suitable method for aflatoxins detection. However, it was associated with overestimation for aflatoxin B1 quantification. Results suggest that poultry feed represents a real source of human diet contamination. In addition, HPLC remains the most reliable quantification technique for quality control.

Study on a Novel Disphase Supplying Supported Liquid Membrane for Transport Behavior of Divalent Nickel Ions

A novel d!sphase supplying supported liquid membrane （DSSLM）, containing supplying feed phase andsupplying stripping phase tor transport behavior ot NI（Ⅱ）, have been studied. The supplying supported feed phase included feed solution and di（2-ethyhexyl） phosphoric acid （HDEHP） as the carrier in kerosene, and supplying stripping phase included HDEHP as the cartier in kerosene and HC1 as the stripping agent. The effects of volume ratio of membrane solution to feed solution （O/F）, pH, initial concentration of Ni（Ⅱ） and ionic strength in the feedsolution, volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution （O/S）, concentration of H2SO4 solution, HDEHP concentration in the supplying stripping phase on transport of Ni（/I）, the advantages of DSSLM compared to the traditional supported liquid membrane （SLM）, the system stability, the reuse of membrane solution and the reten- tion of membrane phase were studied. Experimental results indicated that the optimum transpgrt of Ni（Ⅱ） was oh-tained when H2SO4 concentration was 2.00 mol＇L-＇, HDEHP concentration was 0.120 mol·L-1, and O/S was 4· 1 in the supplying stripping phase, O/F was 1 ： 10 and pH was 5.20 in the supplying feed phase. The ionic strength in supplying feed phase had no obvious effect on transport of Ni（Ⅱ）. When initial Ni（Ⅱ） concentration was 2.00x 10-4 mol/L, the transport percentage of Ni（Ⅱ） was up to 93.1% in 250 min. The kinetic equation was deduced in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the interface chemistry.

液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响。选取平均体重为(30.00±4.26)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪126头,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验Ⅰ组饲喂豆粕型颗粒饲粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂杂粕型颗粒饲粮(由双低菜籽粕、玉米胚芽粕、喷浆玉米皮及米糠替代部分豆粕和玉米组成);试验Ⅲ组饲喂杂粕型液态饲粮,即在杂粕型饲粮的基础上加入2.7倍的水,混合均匀后饲喂。各组饲粮营养水平基本一致。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)试验全期,与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别降低了2.29%和5.33%(P>0.05),料重比提高了3.40%(P>0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了7.04%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质、总能和粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),粗脂肪、磷和粗灰分消化率显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间各养分消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组粪便丁酸含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量极显著提高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和TNF-α含量有一定程度降低但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上可知,与豆粕型颗粒饲粮相比,杂粕型颗粒饲粮会降低生长猪采食量和养分消化率,提高血清炎性因子含量,而通过液态方式饲喂杂粕型饲粮可改善饲粮适口性,提高生长猪采食量,降低血清促炎因子IL-1β含量,对养分消化率无改善作用。

改进的QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测饲料中的环匹阿尼酸

采用改进的QuEChERS前处理方法结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分离检测,建立了饲料中真菌毒素环匹阿尼酸(CPA)的快速分析新方法。详细优化了UPLC-MS/MS分离检测条件和影响CPA回收率的QuEChERS条件,优化后的分析方法如下:1.0 g饲料加入2 mL水和4 mL 0.5%乙酸乙腈溶液进行提取,再加入提取盐包(0.4 g氯化钠和1.6 g无水硫酸镁),离心分层后,取1 mL乙腈提取液,加入150 mg无水硫酸镁和50 mg C_(18)吸附净化,上清液进行UPLC-MS/MS分离检测;采用Waters HSS T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm),以含0.5%甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈作为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式定量。CPA在2~200 ng/mL的范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数良好(r=0.999 5),方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.6和2μg/kg,饲料中CPA在10、100、500μg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率为70.1%~78.5%,日内RSD为4.1%~5.8%,日间RSD为6.1%~7.2%。将本方法应用于实际饲料样品中CPA的分析,取得了很好的效果。本研究将改进的QuEChERS方法应用于饲料中CPA的提取净化,为饲料中CPA的风险监测、评估和限量标准制定提供了一种有效的检测技术。

高效液相色谱法测定混合型饲料添加剂中丙酸及丙酸盐含量

建立了液相色谱仪测定混合型饲料添加剂中丙酸及丙酸盐(以丙酸计)的方法。混合型饲料添加剂经去离子水超声提取10 min,过0.45μm滤膜后经C 18液相色谱柱分离,紫外可见检测器在210 nm处定量检测。该方法解决了提取时间、提取溶剂、流动相pH值等关键技术。用该方法测定混合型饲料添加剂时,丙酸的定量限(LOQ)为0.1%。丙酸在混合型饲料添加剂中的含量为0.1%~20.0%时,丙酸的峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(R 2≥0.9999),方法回收率为98.7%~102%,相对标准偏差为0.2%~1.2%。该方法操作简单,测定结果准确,可用于混合型饲料添加剂中丙酸及丙酸盐(以丙酸计)测定。

配合饲料中64种药物超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法的研究

[目的]建立同时检测配合饲料中64种药物的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)法,提高非法添加物的检测效率。[方法]采用Waters HSS T3型色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液,流动相B为含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.40 mL/min,进样量为2μL;采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描模式进行检测,多反应监测模式进行信号采集。比较4种样品提取溶剂以及2种固相萃取柱处理对目标药物的回收率,确定样品前处理的最佳方法。利用建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法对宁夏回族自治区不同来源的100批次配合饲料样品进行64种药物检测。[结果]配合饲料样品均质后,用含0.2%甲酸的乙腈水溶液(乙腈∶水=8∶2,V/V)提取,利用Oasis PRiME HLB型固相萃取柱对样品净化,多数目标药物的回收率在60%以上。64种药物在浓度为5.0~200.0μg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)均大于0.99;不同药物的定量限在5.0~10.0μg/kg;阳性添加5.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个浓度的平均回收率在41.00%~120.49%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.54%~15.94%,批间RSD在1.25%~13.64%。在100个批次的配合饲料样品中均未检出目标药物。[结论]建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法线性关系良好、回收率高、精密度好,具有较高的重现性和较好的可操作性,可用于配合饲料中非法添加64种药物的筛查。

基于PLC的猪场智能液态饲喂系统的设计与研究

通过对国内和国外养猪现状的分析,设计了一套基于PLC控制的智能液态饲喂系统,并从系统总体方案的设计、触摸屏控制系统的设计、6个子系统的设计对总体方案做了详细的设计和研究。实践证明该系统操作简单、运行可靠、投入少、效率高,具有一定的实用价值。

餐厨垃圾相变液制备小球藻饲料对罗氏沼虾生长性能及营养成分的影响

为探究餐厨垃圾耦合培养的小球藻饲料对罗氏沼虾生长性能、基础营养成分和品质的影响,以大塘养殖罗氏沼虾为试验对象,在基础饲料中添加0.1%小球藻饲料,进行30 d的养殖试验,测定其生长性能、基础体成分和肌肉营养成分。试验结果显示,添加0.1%小球藻饲料能够提高罗氏沼虾的终末平均体重、终末平均体长、质量增加率和特定生长率,差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加小球藻饲料有助于提高虾体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、Ca、P等含量,差异不显著(P>0.05);此外,添加小球藻饲料能提高虾体的部分必需氨基酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸含量,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量是对照组的2倍,多不饱和脂肪酸含量比对照组提高了25.6%,油酸、花生一烯酸和亚油酸含量分别达1 131.10、24.87和768.91μg·mL^(-1),显著高于对照组(P<0.05),具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

液态发酵饲料对仔猪生产性能和肠道健康的影响

【目的】探究液态发酵饲料对仔猪生产性能、养分消化率、血液指标、粪便微生物菌群和粪臭物质含量的影响,为液态发酵饲料在仔猪生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】选取60头28日龄、体质量(8.0±0.3)kg/头的健康长白×荣昌二元断奶仔猪,随机分为基础饲粮组(MF,饲喂干粉料)、液态饲料组(LF,饲喂液态饲料)和液态发酵饲料组(FLF,饲喂液态发酵饲料)3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头。饲养试验42 d,其中预饲期5 d,正试期37 d。饲养试验结束后,测定各组仔猪生产性能、血液指标、粪便菌群及粪臭物质含量,并从每组选取5头体质量约22 kg/头的仔猪,采用全收粪法进行代谢试验,预饲期3 d,正试期4 d,分别评价干粉料、液态饲料和液态发酵饲料的养分表观消化率。【结果】(1)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组仔猪日采食量分别提高19.52%和12.14%(P<0.01),日增体质量分别提高21.11%和23.64%(P<0.01),料重比有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组仔猪的血清二胺氧化酶活性和D-乳酸、脂多糖、IL-1β含量下降,而IL-10含量上升,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组Shannon指数显著降低(P<0.05),而Simpson指数显著增大(P<0.05);FLF组仔猪粪便中厚壁菌门的相对丰度上升,拟杆菌门的相对丰度下降,但均差异不显著(P>0.05);FLF组仔猪粪便中链球菌属相对丰度较LF组显著降低(P<0.05),罕见小球菌属相对丰度较MF组显著降低(P<0.05)。(4)FLF组仔猪粪便中的对甲酚、丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量较MF组和LF组降低,吲哚、粪臭素和乙酸含量较LF组升高,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(5)与MF组相比,FLF和LF组仔猪消化能及氮、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷的表观消化率均有所上升,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】液态发酵饲料可提高仔猪生产性能,降低粪便菌群多样性和潜在致病菌数量,但对仔猪血液指标、粪便臭味物质含量和饲料养分表观消化率无显著影响。

液体饲喂对猪生长及肠道功能影响的研究进展

液体饲料是将干饲料与水或液态工业副产物按一定比例混合后,经发酵或非发酵制备而成。与饲喂干饲料相比,液体饲喂具有改善仔猪断奶应激,提高平均日增重、平均日采食量、降低料重比,提升肠道消化系统酶活力,减少病原体在肠道中的数量,增加肠道中有益菌的丰度,改善肠道形态,降低肠道通透性等优点。文章综述液体饲喂的分类、液体饲喂系统、发酵液体饲料的生产和品质、液体饲喂对猪生长性能和肠道功能的影响等,总结和展望目前液体饲喂存在的问题,以期为液体饲料在生猪养殖领域的推广及应用提供参考。

固相萃取法结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定饲料中庆大霉素含量

本研究建立了一种固相萃取法结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定饲料中庆大霉素含量的方法。采用5%三氯乙酸提取液提取饲料样品,用PCX固相萃取柱净化,使用液相色谱-串联质谱检测,以2 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,Agilent SB-Aq色谱柱分离。庆大霉素含量在1.0~100.0 mg/L线性关系良好(R 2>0.995);方法的检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.1 mg/kg;庆大霉素在3个添加水平(1.0、10.0、100.0 mg/kg)下的平均回收率为81.5%~123.6%,相对标准偏差<15%。该方法易于使用,预处理简单,适用于测定饲料中的庆大霉素含量。

料液比对搅拌型UHT核桃酸奶品质特性的影响

超高温瞬时灭菌技术(ultra high temperature,UHT)在植物乳制品领域的应用备受关注。然而,关于UHT对植物乳制品品质特性的影响并未探明。为解决植物基酸奶在灭菌过程中存在的蛋白过度变性和微生物残留问题,研究了1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶14、1∶16共计5个料液比梯度的核桃酸奶,探讨了UHT处理下不同料液比对搅拌型核桃酸奶品质的影响。研究结果显示,在不同料液比下,核桃酸奶的pH和酸度在发酵过程中表现出一致的趋势。料液比为1∶12时,核桃酸奶具有最高的硬度、稠度和持水性,分别为211.37 g、464.51 g·s和83.54%,相对于其他料液比有效地改善了核桃酸奶的品质特性。料液比为1∶8时,核桃酸奶具有最小的粒径,为37.63μm。综上,通过对核桃酸奶进行UHT处理并使用适宜的料液比,可以明显地改善核桃酸奶的品质特性。研究结果可为搅拌型核桃酸奶产品的生产提供关键的实验数据和理论支持,并为相关领域的学术研究和工业应用提供参考。

免疫磁珠高通量全自动净化结合高效液相色谱快速测定饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮含量

本研究旨在建立利用免疫磁珠高通量全自动净化结合高效液相色谱快速测定饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮含量的方法。饲料样品用80%乙腈水提取,经全自动免疫磁珠净化、富集后,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器(HPLC-FLD)测定,外标法定量。结果表明:玉米赤霉烯酮在0.01~1.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数≥0.9999),方法检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg;玉米赤霉烯酮在0.01、0.02、0.10和1.00 mg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为86.90%~100.27%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.18%~9.88%,批间RSD为4.94%~9.40%。由此可见,与传统固相萃取、免疫亲和柱净化法相比,免疫磁珠净化集提取、分离、净化、浓缩于一体,可实现完全自动化处理,提高工作效率和检测通量,避免因人为操作导致的结果偏差,适用于大批量饲料样本中玉米赤霉烯酮含量的测定。