Second Law Analysis of the Optimal Fin by Minimum Entropy Generation

Based on the entropy generation concept of thermodynamics, this paper estabfished a general theoretical model for the analysis of entropy generation to optimize fins, in which the minimum entropy generation was selected as the object to be studied. The irreversibility due to heat transfer and friction was taken into account so that the minimum entropy generation number has been analyzed with respect to second law of thermodynamics in the forced cross-flow. The optimum dimensions of cylinder pins were discussed. It＇s found that the minimum entropy generation number depends on parameters related to the fluid and fin physical parameters. Varlatioms of the minimum entropy generation number with different parameters were analyzed.

Theoretical analysis of minimum metal foil thickness achievable by asymmetric rolling with fixed identical roll diameters

A novel approach is proposed for computing the minimum thickness of a metal foil that can be achieved by asymmetric rolling using rolls with identical diameter. This approach is based on simultaneously solving Tselikov equation for the rolling pressure and the modified Hitchcock equation for the roller flattening. To minimize the effect of the elastic deformation on the equal flow per second during the ultrathin foil rolling process, the law of conservation of mass was employed to compute the proportions of the forward slip, backward slip, and the cross shear zones in the contact arc, and then a formula was derived for computing the minimum thickness for asymmetric rolling. Experiment was conducted to find the foil minimum thickness for 304 steel by asymmetric rolling under the asymmetry ratios of 1.05, 1.15 and 1.30. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated ones. It was validated that the proposed formula can be used to calculate the foil minimum thickness under the asymmetric rolling condition.

Miscibility of light oil and flue gas under thermal action

The miscibility of flue gas and different types of light oils is investigated through slender-tube miscible displacement experiment at high temperature and high pressure.Under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure,the miscible displacement of flue gas and light oil is possible.At the same temperature,there is a linear relationship between oil displacement efficiency and pressure.At the same pressure,the oil displacement efficiency increases gently and then rapidly to more than 90% to achieve miscible displacement with the increase of temperature.The rapid increase of oil displacement efficiency is closely related to the process that the light components of oil transit in phase state due to distillation with the rise of temperature.Moreover,at the same pressure,the lighter the oil,the lower the minimum miscibility temperature between flue gas and oil,which allows easier miscibility and ultimately better performance of thermal miscible flooding by air injection.The miscibility between flue gas and light oil at high temperature and high pressure is more typically characterized by phase transition at high temperature in supercritical state,and it is different from the contact extraction miscibility of CO_(2) under conventional high pressure conditions.

Motion Equation and Solution of Mushroom Cloud

Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The obtained equation is a vector PDE. It states that the derivative of velocity is with respect to time proportions to the gradient of temperature with respect to trace. Its solution is obtained by the method of separating variables for scalar function. These results have been compared with well agreement with literatures. Highlight: The Principle of Minimum Energy Release (PMER) is used to prove the pulse-mode of explosion of nuclear weapon, as great Earthquake, and optimum path problems.

An Efficient Guidance Law for Intercepting Maneuvering Evader in Three-Dimensions

Considering the nonlinear model between a realistic missile and an aircraft in three-dimensions, one minimun energy guidance law is obtained. By employing the linearizing method, an efficient and robust guidance law for intercepting randomly maneuvering evader is derived. A new approach to pursuit-evasion problem in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is provided, which can deal with the randomly maneuvering evader in time. Numerical simulations denote that the system designed by this method can cut down the miss distance remarkably.

Notes on Stefan-Maxwell Equation versus Graham's Diffusion Law

Certain prerequisite information on the component fluxes is necessary for solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in multicomponent diffusion systems and the Graham's law of diffusion and effusion is often resorted for this purpose. This article addresses solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in binary gas systems and explores the necessary conditions for definite solution of concentration profiles and pertinent component fluxes. It is found that there are multiple solutions for component fluxes in contradiction to what specified by the Graham's law of diffusion.The theorem of minimum entropy production in the non-equilibrium thermodynamics is believed instructive in determining the stable steady state solution out of infinite multiple solutions possible under the specified conditions.It is suggested that only when the boundary condition of component concentration is symmetrical in an isothermal binary system, the counter-diffusion becomes equimolar. The Graham's law of diffusion seems not generally valid for the case of isothermal ordinary diffusion.

A New Optimal Guidance Law For Intercepting Maneuvering Objects

In order to achieve a new minimum energy interception of an arbitrarily maneuvering vehicle a nonlinear modal is first approximated by a series of local linear models using an on-line linearizing method for some state variables, and then from the derived local linear models a new optimal strategy is developed using the receding horizon concept and associated techniques. That evader maneuvering in a small scope can be dealt with by the correspoding local linear model, and its maneuverring in a large scope is handled by model switching among a series of local linear models. Simulation results show that tile system designed in this way can intercept a randomly maneuvering evader.

基于磁各向异性的管壁应力集中区域检测方法

针对应力集中导致管壁发生屈服失效的问题,提出了利用磁各向异性检测管壁应力集中区域的方法。从能量角度出发,研究了应力导致管壁产生磁各向异性的机理,建立了管壁当量应力与磁各向异性探头输出电压信号的数学模型,通过计算管壁的当量应力判断其是否发生屈服失效,搭建了应力检测实验平台。实验结果表明,应力会导致管壁产生磁各向异性,磁各向异性检测方法能够检测出管壁当量应力的变化趋势和主应力方向所在延长线的角度,进而判断管壁是否产生应力集中区域。

热作用条件下烟道气与轻质原油混相规律

通过细长管混相驱替实验开展高温高压条件下烟道气与不同类型轻质原油的热混相规律研究。在高温高压条件下烟道气可以与轻质原油实现混相驱替;相同温度条件下,烟道气驱油效率与压力呈近线性关系;相同压力条件下,随温度增加驱油效率先平缓增加,然后急速增加,驱油效率快速达到90%以上,实现混相驱,驱油效率急速增加过程与稀油轻质组分随温度增加发生蒸馏相变有着密切关系;相同压力条件下,原油越轻,烟道气与原油的最小混相温度越低,越容易实现混相,注空气热混相驱替开发效果越好;高温高压条件下轻质原油与烟道气的混相更多体现的是超临界状态的高温相变特征,与常规高压条件下CO_(2)的接触抽提混相存在较大差异。

Employment Effects of Minimum Wage Regulation and Cross Effect of the Employment Contracts Law

Non-linear programming analysis suggests that employment effects of minimum wage regulation are the result not only of the regulation itself but also of the external regulatory environment. At a certain level, the regulatory environment intensifies the effect on employment of minimum wage regulation. Empirical studies based on survey data from 439 enterprises in Guangdong and Fujian show that minimum wage rises had a greater impact on the employment of rural migrant workers in 2008 than in 2007, although no significant change was observed among workers who were permanent urban residents. Further analysis shows that the greater impact on migrant workers derives mainly from the strengthened regulatory environment brought about by the Employment Contracts Law. The permanent urban workforce has not been similarly affected because their interests have been given priority under the dual employment system. This reminds us that the employment effects of the Employment Contracts Law may be realized indirectly through other regulatory measures, including strengthened minimum wage regulation.

《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》在高校学生工作实践中的应用

《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》作为我国第一部系统、全面保护个人信息的专门性法律,能为高校学生工作在个人信息保护方面提供权威的遵循与指引。然而,其在适用过程中面临诸多难题,主要表现为在学生信息的收集范围等方面与惯常实践相冲突,“取得个人的同意”合法性处理规则将影响行政效率,以及学生选择“不同意”将迫使工作陷入僵局。法律的运行有一个适应和协调的过程,应结合高校学工实际实现《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》与学生工作的有机衔接:第一是思想贯通,充分认识保护权益与促进利用的辩证关系;第二是规则落实,应限缩信息收集范围、完善敏感个人信息制度、修补安全制度漏洞,同时设立一次性同意制度、自动化决策制度、信息权利保障制度;第三是行为融入,包括多做告知工作、多做留痕管理、践行“两个最小”以及善用“去标识化”。

一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法

为提高最短路径射线追踪的精度,需要增加模型的剖分网格和离散节点,并增加子波传播方向,或者采用其他方法改善计算结果,这些处理会带来大量的额外计算.本文的快速算法改进了波前点的管理和子波传播的计算这两项耗时的工作,较大幅度地提高了传统算法的效率.在波前点的管理上,采用按时间步划分区间的方法,实现了波前点的桶排序管理,其效率高于传统方法中常用的堆排序算法.在子波传播的计算上,利用斯奈尔定律,同时参考来自邻近节点的波的走时,来限定当前子波传播的有效区域,排除大量不需要计算的子波传播方向.模型实算表明,本文快速算法的计算速度是传统方法的几倍至十多倍.

用拟合函数法准确预测运动目标的轨迹

探讨一种在光测设备中准确预测运动目标的位置及速度的方法——拟合函数法 ,并对拟合函数相关参数的选择。

在海淤中爆破的一些现象和问题

本文研究了连云港海淤在爆炸作用下的性质:给出了模型实验中爆破坑和鼓包运动的测试结果及其分析。

敏感条件对粉尘云最小点火能的影响规律分析

为使粉尘云最小点火能实验测量更准确,从多个方面分析影响最小点火能的测量因素,并根据粉尘云状态、粉尘颗粒固有性质、点火电路等几个方面对影响粉尘云最小点火能的因素,即敏感条件进行了分类。在实验测量中,具体归纳为:粉尘浓度、粉尘湿度、粉尘粒度及其分布、粉尘挥发份含量、粉尘温度(环境温度)、粉尘云的湍流度、粉尘分散质量、粉尘云初始压力、环境氧浓度、电极材料、电极直径和电极末端曲率、电极间距、电火花持续时间、点火延迟时间、电火花能量密度、火花触发电路、可燃气体影响、实验次数等18个影响因素。重点分析了敏感条件对最小点火能的影响规律,从粉尘云点火机理和过程出发,着重分析一些敏感条件对最小点火能影响的内在原因和实质。

耐受性定律的一个数学注记

在许多著作中关于耐受性定律的叙述大同小异。为了视限制因子原理和Liebig 最小因子定律为耐受性定律的特殊情况(某些侧面)。

广州核素台站惰性气体氙监测数据的统计规律研究

在分析广州核素台站惰性气体氙日常监测数据的基础上,分析了广州核素台站惰性气体监测数据的有效性,初步研究了4种惰性气体氙同位素131Xem、133Xe、133Xem和135Xe的活度浓度和最小可探测浓度的统计规律。结果表明:4种惰性气体氙同位素的最小可探测浓度和活度浓度均呈高斯分布。该研究可为评估放射性核素台站4种惰性气体氙同位素监测阈值和惰性气体样品的分级提供参考。

利用井温资料解释裂缝高度

经对压裂后地层传热规律、地层内温度分布规律、地层温度分布特征分析认为 ,在一定条件下测得的压后井温曲线的拐点 ,可以代表垂直裂缝的边界 ,使确定垂直裂缝高度转化为确定压后井温曲线的拐点问题。通过逐一确定井温曲线拐点达到确定裂缝高度的目的。利用最小二乘法可以确定井温曲线拐点深度 ,从而可以解释垂直裂缝高度。解释缝高不仅可以检测压裂效果 ,而且可以判别压裂层之间是否窜通。

可用于舰船运动预测的多项式拟合方法及参数选择

叙述了可用于非平稳时序预测中的滑动窗多项式拟合方法(SPFM)。用舰船运动预测作为例子,对该模型的采样频率、滑动窗大小和多项式阶数参数的选择进行了讨论。仿真结果表明,该方案可行,计算速度快,预测误差小且稳定。

大着地角卫星制导炸弹最优制导律研究

为满足卫星制导炸弹大着地角的弹道要求,进行了最优制导律研究。根据卫星制导炸弹的特点,建立了弹目运动状态方程。分别基于极小值原理和通过求解黎卡提方程得到最优制导律,结果一致。对该最优制导律简化后获得了次最优制导律,适用于工程和仿真计算。利用次最优制导律进行了卫星制导炸弹六自由度全弹道仿真,与使用比例导引律的计算结果相比,着地角增加了60%。该制导律可以显著提高着地角和打击精度,能够满足卫星制导炸弹的弹道要求。