A Building Information Modeling-Life Cycle Cost Analysis Integrated Model to Enhance Decisions Related to the Selection of Construction Methods at the Conceptual Design Stage of Buildings

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) provides a systematic approach to assess the total cost associated with owning, operating, and maintaining assets throughout their entire life. BIM empowers architects and designers to perform real-time evaluations to explore various design options. However, when integrated with LCCA, BIM provides a comprehensive economic perspective that helps stakeholders understand the long-term financial implications of design decisions. This study presents a methodology for developing a model that seamlessly integrates BIM and LCCA during the conceptual design stage of buildings. This integration allows for a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the design process, ensuring that the development aligns with the principles of low carbon emissions by employing modular construction, 3D concrete printing methods, and different building design alternatives. The model considers the initial construction costs in addition to all the long-term operational, maintenance, and salvage values. It combines various tools and data through different modules, including energy analysis, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) to execute a comprehensive assessment of the financial implications of a specific design option throughout the lifecycle of building projects. The development of the said model and its implementation involves the creation of a new plug-in for the BIM tool (i.e., Autodesk Revit) to enhance its functionalities and capabilities in forecasting the life-cycle costs of buildings in addition to generating associated cash flows, creating scenarios, and sensitivity analyses in an automatic manner. This model empowers designers to evaluate and justify their initial investments while designing and selecting potential construction methods for buildings, and enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions by assessing different design alternatives based on long-term financial considerations during the early stages of design.

Life cycle assessment as a prospective tool for sustainable agriculture and food planning at a local level

Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.

基于LCA方法的教育家具可持续设计策略研究

目的对家具领域的可持续设计方法进行梳理,并通过具体案例研究教育家具的可持续设计,提出设计策略,探讨该方法的可行性。方法采用ReCiPe 2016方法对一宿舍家具套装设计案例进行产品生命周期评价(LCA)评估,得出产品的环境热点问题,提出对应的设计策略,并通过环境、质量、经济、可实现性四个维度的专家评审对得出的设计策略进行可行性分析。结果评估结果表明钢材和实木多层板的制造及消耗是宿舍家具套装的环境热点。据此提出减少、优化钢材、木材用量;延长使用寿命;采取模块化或可替换部件的设计;建立回收与再制造系统;选用更环保板材;选用更环保的运输方式这六点设计策略,并对策略进行可行性评估。结论使用产品生命周期评价(LCA)这一量化方法,能够帮助设计者利用全生命周期视角,发现产品的环境热点问题、提出改进策略、对比各改进方案的优劣。本文通过具体案例对教育家具可持续设计进行研究,具有一定的实际意义,同时也可为教育家具行业提供可持续设计参考。

考虑广义储能和LCA碳排放的综合能源系统低碳优化运行策略

综合能源系统(IES)是当前能源转型低碳发展背景下实现“双碳”目标的关键,为了提高IES碳减排能力,需要充分利用需求侧负荷资源和传统储能设备等广义储能资源参与IES优化.首先,建立一种综合考虑可再生能源、能源转换设备、广义储能设备、能源市场交易的IES优化运行模型.然后,使用生命周期评估法(LCA)对IES中能源循环、设备循环的全过程进行碳排放量计算,并将碳排放成本纳入系统总成本.最后,利用仿真实验验证所提模型不仅有利于降低IES总调度成本,还能降低系统的碳排放量,有效促进IES的低碳发展.

Comparative analysis of perpetual pavement structures based on pavement performance and life cycle cost

Pavement performance and economic efficiency are researched on the perpetual test pavement of Yijiang-Suzhou Express Highway in Jiangsu province, China. Test sections were continuously monitored. The conditions and developing laws of deflection, rutting and cracking are compared among the perpetual pavement with the rich binder layer （RBL）, the perpetual pavement without the RBL, and the conventional semi-rigid asphalt pavement in the past eight years after opening for traffic. Economical evaluation is conducted via life cycle cost analysis （LCCA）. Based on the performance comparison and LCCA analysis, sections with the RBL have good crack resistance, but they are not very satisfactory in the aspect of permanent deformation; the conventional semi-rigid asphalt pavement is the least economic one due to requiring more frequent maintenance. Research results show that the perpetual pavement without RBL is a more appropriate structure for the test site.

Review of energy consumption research for papermaking industry based on life cycle analysis

Papermaking industry is a high-energy-consuming industry with long supply chain.The growth of paper product demand further intensifies the need of energy consumption.Energy saving through the full supply chain has become a focal point for long-term sustainable development of the papermaking industry.This paper reviews the advances in life cycle analysis for the papermaking industry in recent years.All the stages from the full supply chain are involved to give a panoramic overview of the papermaking industry.The object of this paper is to provide scientific basis to industry and decision-makers with profound understanding of the energy consumption and energy saving potential in a life cycle perspective.

基于LCA的长江上游某内河港口工程碳排放估算与分析

“十四五”期间“双碳”目标的提出,推动着我国基础设施建设向绿色低碳的方向发展,生命周期评价方法(LCA)作为一款全面的环境影响评价工具逐渐开始应用到我国建筑业。以生命周期评价理论为基础,选取长江上游某内河港口工程为研究对象,将该港口工程全生命周期划分为施工阶段、运维阶段及退役阶段进行碳排放来源分析并估算碳排放。结果表明,该港口工程全生命周期碳排放为8.67万t CO_(2)-eq(当量),施工阶段、运维阶段、退役阶段分别占比39.4%、56.7%、3.9%,单位碳排放为95%置信区间为651.92~745.21 kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(2),中位数为698.14 kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(2),清单数据不确定性较小,港口工程碳排放敏感因素为混凝土和电力。碳排放评价结果总体较好,可作为后续制定碳减排政策的相关依据。

Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment for the Typical Intermediate Crude Refining Scheme in China

The integration of refinery and petrochemical units(IRPUs)has become an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of petrochemical industry.The utilization efficiency of petroleum resources could be improved obviously through IRPUs.However,integrating economic and environmental impacts into the model of IRPUs is still a grand challenge.Herein,a model called TEA-GHG-OPWM(Techno-Economic Analysis and GreenHouse Gases Oriented Plant-Wide Model)has been established on Aspen HYSYSTM platform to calculate the energy consumption,the technoeconomic performance,and the GHG emissions for two different kinds of schemes,viz,:VRHCU(Vacuum Residue Hydrocracking Unit)and VRDS-RFCC(Vacuum Residue Desulfurization and Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking).Furthermore,a novel processing pathway named VGOHDT-HTMP-DC(Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreating,Hydrogenation and TMP coupling process and Delayed Coking)has also been developed to find methods to improve the economic performance based on a ten-million-CNY output value(TMYOV)and a reduced GHG emissions.Our results demonstrate that VRHCRU could consume more energy and emit more GHG(877.11 t of CO2 eq·TMYOV^-1·h^-1)than VRDS-RFCC(817.03 t of CO2 eq·TMYOV^-1·h^-1)and VGOHDT-HTMP-DC(721.96 t of CO2 eq·TMYOV^-1·h^-1),while obtaining a higher mass yield of petrochemicals.The VGOHDT-HTMP-DC process exhibits the lowest feedstock consumption,hydrogen consumption,energy consumption,and GHG emissions,indicating that VGOHDT-HTMP-DC has both well economic and environmentally friendly performance.

Life cycle cost analysis of new FRP based solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system

Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.

零碳目标下临时木结构建筑降碳策略与LCA碳排放研究——以2024世园会企业展园为例

以2024年世园会成都设计咨询集团企业展馆为例,探讨了基于零碳目标下小型临时木结构建筑如何采取源头减碳、过程降碳、末端消碳等三方面的低碳优化策略,并基于LCA全生命周期评估方法对其进行碳排放核算研究,得出针对小型临时建筑,建材生产与加工环节对建筑全生命周期碳排放影响最大,占比约为50.30%~69.49%,其次是运行阶段,占比约为19.33%~30.91%。通过对比分析目标建筑与同体量的轻钢结构建筑,目标建筑在采取不同的措施下可实现减碳率约36.00%~68.41%,建筑全生命周期(5年)单位面积的碳排放量可降低至382 kgCO_(2)eq/m^(2)。研究得出临时建筑各阶段融入降碳策略的重要性和运用LCA方法评估建筑碳排放的必要性,除运行阶段外,临时建筑需更加关注低碳材料的替代与拆除阶段材料的回收利用,为未来实现零碳建筑目标提供了新的思路和实践参考。

Uncertainty in life cycle economical analysis of cassava-based ethanol fuel

Biomass ethanol fuel is not only renewable but also environmental-friendly. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is developing the cassava-based ethanol fuel. Economical performance of the project is the key issue. The traditional life cycle economical analysis is just a static calculation process. Uncertainty is the character of cassava yield, cost of cassava plant, cassava price, tax rate and gasoline price, and the economical performance of the project is determined by these aspects. This study proposes an economical model of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The method of Monte Carol is used to simulate the economical performance. This method conquers the shortage of the traditional way. The results show that cassava-based ethanol fuel can get survived when the tax is exempted. Finally, the study also evaluates the potential of the economical performance.

基于LCA的道路工程物化阶段碳排放计算

在“双碳”的大背景下,道路作为我国碳排放的重要来源之一,确定其工程物化阶段的碳排放主要贡献来源具有重大意义。因此,通过对道路物化阶段碳排放的研究现状进行综述,创新性地将全寿命周期理论与道路碳排放相结合对浙江省宁波市奉化区岳林街道长汀路整治工程进行了分析,并采用碳排放因子法,结合工程实际材料用量和工程图纸,计算出整个工程物化阶段的碳排放总量为36418651.37 kgCO_(2)e;材料生产的碳排放总量为33146776.91 kgCO_(2)e,占整个工程物化阶段碳排放总量的91%。材料生产与运输阶段主要碳排放来源是路基材料、混凝土、水泥、钢材等。其中:路基材料碳排放量最高,为24094956.02 kgCO_(2)e,占材料生产与运输阶段碳排放总量的69.81%。轴流通风机在建设阶段碳排放量最高,占建设阶段总碳排放量的24.94%。因此,认为路基材料与轴流通风机极具减排潜能。

Probabilistic Analysis of Life Cycle Cost for Power Transformer

The selection of power transformer is very important to power sector. Most methods are utilized according to the initial cost and don’t consider the synthetical evaluation of economy and technology. Based on previous research, this paper addresses a new practical probabilistic life cycle cost model. Then, in order to demonstrate the practicability of probabilistic life cycle cost for the power transformer, illustrative investment alternatives of actual power transformers are discussed. From the result of the numerical investigation, it may be positively stated that the optimum investment alternative for the power transformer based on the probabilistic life cycle cost model proposed in this study will lead to a more rational, economical and effective procedure compared with the conventional method only considering the initial cost.

Environmental Analysis of Packaging for Soft Drinks Using the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

The knowledge of a product＇s life cycle is the first step on the search of sustainable development. The life cycle assessment （LCA） is an important method because it allows an environment accounting, where the extraction of natural resources and energy of the nature are considered and the ＂returns＂ to the same one and allows in evaluating relative potential the environment impacts generated. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks： glass bottles of 390 mL, aluminum cans of 350 mL, and bottles of PET of 2,000 mL. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. For the research, an inventory analysis followed the LCA methodology. The main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging had been the identified and quantified data in this study. The consumption of natural resources like water and other raw materials and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the most important conclusion was that the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with other packaging.

基于TEA-LCA对市政污泥处理处置技术进行综合评估的应用

技术经济评估(TEA)和生命周期评估(LCA)可全面直观地评价市政污泥处理处置技术的经济技术和环境影响。从TEA和LCA研究方法角度出发,对近年来污泥处理处置的研究进展进行综述,并介绍了TEA-LCA评价体系的构建,概述了TEA-LCA在污泥处理处置领域的应用。研究结果表明,TEA-LCA是有效的技术经济及环境绩效评价的工具,为工艺优化、方案选择提供了参考,可作为工艺评价标准进行推广使用。

Impact of Different Parameters on Life Cycle Analysis, Embodied Energy and Environmental Emissions for Wind Turbine System

Due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing concern for climate change as a result of greenhouse gas effect, every country is looking for ways to develop eco-friendly renewable energy sources. Wind energy has become a good option due to its comparative economic advantages and environment friendly aspects. But there is always an ongoing debate if wind energy is as green as it seems to appear. Wind turbines once installed do not produce any greenhouse gases during operation, but it can and may produce significant emissions during manufacture, transport, installation and disposal stages. To determine the exact amount of emissions, it is necessary to consider all the stages for a wind turbine from manufacture to disposal. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a technique that determines the energy consumption, emission of greenhouse gases and other environmental impacts of a product or system throughout the life cycle stages. The various approaches that have been used in the literature for the LCA of wind turbines have many discrepancies among the results, the main reason(s) being different investigators used different parameters and boundary conditions, and thus comparisons are difficult. In this paper, the influence of different parameters such as turbine size, technology (geared or gearbox less), recycling, medium of transport, different locations, orientation of the blade (horizontal or vertical), blade material, positioning of wind turbine (land, coastal or offshore), etc. on greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy is studied using the available data from exhaustive search of literature. This provides tools to find better solutions for power production in an environmental friendly manner by selecting a proper blade orientation technique, with suitable blade material, technology, recycling techniques and suitable location.

Importance of Life Cycle Analysis of the Printed Circuit Board Computer

It is estimated that there is a generation of 307,224 ton/year [1] of waste from electronic and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Mexico, of which 10% is recycled, 40% remains stored and 50% reaches landfills or uncontrolled dumps. In the practice, even the regulatory instruments are not consolidated and the adequate management of the use of WEEE management, so the aim of this study is an analysis of life cycle of printed circuit boards (TCI) to identify the management alternatives that represent the least impact to the environment. This assessment was carried out using software SIMAPRO to determine the environmental impact of each scenario, through the comparison of impacts and the proposed improvements to reduce it, following phases of this methodology by applying standards, ISO 14040/ISO 14044 [2], using data from the INE official reports since 2006 until 2010 which concentrate the information of the WEEE problem in Mexico. These data were pooled to carry out inventories according to the availability in the information, identifying the environmental impacts generated by processing. The conclusions of the LCA will serve to identify the stage with greater environmental impact, and thus propose ideas for improvement in order to minimize this impact.

基于LCA的山地城市装配式建筑碳排放测算研究——以重庆市为例

基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法的碳排放测算,探究山地城市(重庆市)中装配式建筑的碳排放情况,通过收集重庆市现有装配式建筑的数据,包括材料生产、运输、施工、使用和模拟拆除等生命全周期数据,然后进行碳排放的综合测算。结合综合测算结果进行分析,提出基于LCA山地城市装配式建筑碳节能减排的思路和措施。

The Environmental Impacts and Economic Benefits on Comprehensively Promoting Alternative Fuel Buses in China: Life-Cycle and Scenario Analysis Based on LEAP Model

With the continuous development of urban public transportation, the harmful GHG emissions and pollutants generated by itself and the consequent issues such as the losses of residents’ health, economic value and residents’ welfare have become the focus of social attention. In order to study the impacts of promoting new energy vehicles on public transportation pollution mitigation and residents’ health benefits, this paper adopts the LEAP model to build some scenarios that fulfill different development needs to quantitatively analyze the ownership of new energy buses, the reduction of pollutants and the losses of residents’ health welfare. It is concluded that promoting new energy buses comprehensively can significantly reduce the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and the economic losses of residents’ health, but cannot fully realize the targets of greenhouse gas reduction under Life Cycle Analysis.

基于LCA法评价铁尾矿资源化利用对环境的影响

为研究铁尾矿资源化利用所带来的环境影响,运用生命周期评价(LCA)法,基于终点损害模型对3种不同的铁尾矿资源化方案所产生的环境影响进行评价。对9种环境影响类型进行了评价,对气候变化、初级能源消耗、水资源消耗3种环境影响类型进行了灵敏度分析。研究结果表明:与传统方案相比,3种铁尾矿资源化利用方案均能降低对环境的影响程度。其中,方案1对气候变化影响最大的是CO_(2)的排放,方案2对初级能源消耗影响最大的是电力消耗,方案3对水资源消耗影响最大的为去离子水消耗。评估3种铁尾矿资源化利用的环境影响,为铁尾矿的高附加值利用提供理论依据。