System Safety Management of Whole Life Cycle of Chemical Process Unit

Guaranteeing the safety performance of chemical process units is the premise for the safety production of chemical enterprises.Only to have the system safety management of the whole life cycle of the process units can operate the process systems under the state of controllable risk.

Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL Effectiveness in Patients with T2DM Uncontrolled by Basal Insulin in Real-Life Settings in the Czech Republic

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Gla-300 units/mL (Gla-300) in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) uncontrolled by basal insulin in real-life clinical settings in the Czech Republic (TOPAZ study). Methods: TOPAZ was a prospective, multi-center, non-interventional, 6-month study. Of the 312 patients screened, 289 were evaluated at month 6. The primary objective was the change of HbA1c after 6 months. The proportion of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% DCCT (< 53 mmol/mol), and those with a decrease of at least 0.5% of HbA1c at month 6, change in FPG, body weight and insulin dose at month 3 and 6 were analysed as secondary objectives. Incidence of hypoglycemia, adverse events and patient treatment satisfaction were also assessed. Results: HbA1c decreased significantly after 6 months (mean change 0.9% ± 1.1% DCCT [−9.9 ± 11.6 mmol/mol], p < 0.0001). HbA1c target < 7.0% DCCT was achieved in 17.6% of patients, 66.1% of patients showed mean HbA1c decrease of 0.5% ± 0.8%. At month 6, FPG decreased (mean change from baseline −1.8 ± 3.1 mmol/L) as well as the incidence of hypoglycemia decreased by 49% (p < 0.0001) while no weight gain was observed. No significant safety signals were identified. Conclusion: In a real-life setting, switching to Gla-300 in T2DM patients uncontrolled with other basal insulin was associated with improved glycemic control and reduced risk of hypoglycemia without weight gain, while patients’ satisfaction with treatment increased.

乡村社区生活圈的新内生发展路径研究

乡村社区生活圈建设是推动乡村振兴和城乡融合的重要抓手。本研究基于新内生发展理论,通过对北京市S镇X村的历时性研究,从整合资源基础观点、知识基础观点和能力基础观点的角度解释了乡村社区生活圈建设中内生与外生动力融合的新内生发展路径。研究发现:在发展的不同阶段,乡村利用既有资源,在内生与外生主体的交互中进行知识生产,其中组织力发挥了协调整合作用,体现了乡村发展的价值观,进而在乡村社区生活圈的建设中开创了一系列新内生创新举措。这一过程有着前馈效应的特点,前一阶段的发展创新举措丰富了下一阶段的村庄资源,实现了乡村社区生活圈建设的可持续发展。乡村社区生活圈建设的新内生发展路径为建设宜居宜业和美乡村的目标提供了实践范本,推动特大城市远郊乡村城乡融合发展路径的探索。

Economic Evaluation of Mobile Mental Health Units in Greece: The Case of Cyclades Islands

Background: In Greece, the provision of mental health services is limited to people residing in rural and remote areas. The operation of Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs) has been introduced in the Cyclades islands. It is an innovative policy intervention that has been shown to be effective and efficient internationally. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands based on real-world evidence (RWE), from a societal perspective. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed where outcomes and costs were elaborated and classified based on two comparators, 1) with MMHUs’ operation and 2) without MMHUs’ operation. Clinical primary outcomes were based on RWE data and were elaborated for the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) values calculation, for a 12 months’ time horizon. Data descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS Statistics 22.0. Direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs were incorporated. Unit costs and monetary values were extracted from published data. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to test the robustness of the results. Results: The operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands led to an incremental cost of €12,250.78 per DALY averted. A substantial higher increase is observed in the direct non-medical costs of the non-MMHUs’ operation where patients had to pay approximately €2,602 per capita annually for their transportation and accommodation due to hospitalization and outpatient care. Informal care expenses are 3 fold increasing in the non-MMHUs’ operation arm. Both direct non-medical and informal care costs correspond to high out of pocket payments totally covered by the patients. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the decision does not change when we varied the unit costs by ±10%. Conclusions: The operation of MMHUs appears to be a cost-effective option for treating patients with mental disorders in remote areas and islands in Greece. MMHUs appear to overcome the existing NHS structural inefficiencies by minimizing public expenditures and patients’ income losses by preventing and improving their mental health status.

Empirical Approach for Planning and Designing Constant Stress Accelerated Life Tests

Accelerated life testing(ALT)has been widely used to obtain information about the product's life characteristics at normal conditions in a relatively short period of time.Two key issues with ALT are test design and data analysis.The test design of constant stress ALT was studied in this paper.The test design usually combines engineering experiences with optimization models.Such approaches are hard to be implemented by practitioners.A"pure"empirical approach was presented to address this issue.With the proposed approach,some of the decision variables are determined based on the results from the literature,some of the other variables are determined based on engineering analysis and /or judgment,and the remaining variables are determined based on the empirical relations developed in this paper.A real-world example is included to illustrate the appropriateness of the proposed approach.

基于改进鲸鱼算法优化GRU的PEMFC老化预测

为提高质子交换膜燃料电池(protonexchange membranefuelcells,PEMFC)老化预测的可控性和预测精度,提出一种基于改进的鲸鱼优化算法(improvedwhale optimizationalgorithm, IWOA)优化门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络的PEMFC电压预测方法。采用IWOA获得GRU的最优超参数组,再利用GRU准确预测PEMFC电压。采用静态、准动态和动态工况下3组老化实验数据集,将提出的方法与反向传播神经网络、极限学习机、循环神经网络、长短期记忆神经网络、GRU和鲸鱼算法优化门控循环单元这6种方法相比较,所提出方法具有最高的老化预测和剩余使用寿命(remainingusefullife,RUL)估计精度。在静态、准动态和动态工况下,训练集占比为50%时,相比于GRU,所提出方法的预测结果的均方根误差分别降低56.99%、35.12%和9.95%。因此,该方法能够实现高精度PEMFC老化趋势和RUL预测。

托盘单元箱生命周期碳足迹核算研究

目的对作为高效物流运作关键载体的集装单元器具进行碳足迹核算研究,以促进绿色物流发展,落实“双碳”目标。方法以某租赁企业铝合金材质托盘单元箱产品为研究对象,基于生命周期评价方法进行产品碳足迹核算研究。结果完成了托盘单元箱生命周期6个阶段碳足迹核算,结果发现,托盘单元箱使用阶段和原材料生产阶段的碳足迹占比很大,而回收阶段碳足迹为负值,揭示了具有广泛应用及流动性的物流单元集装器具的生命周期碳足迹特质;提出废弃托盘单元箱回收再生利用、轻量化设计和创新托盘应用模式等降碳减排方案,并从托盘单元箱生命周期碳足迹以及货物周转量碳足迹进行了有效性验证。结论回收再生利用、轻量化设计以及引入动态循环使用模式是实现托盘单元箱降碳减排的有效手段,研究为集装单元器具适应循环经济下的绿色物流发展提供了理论基础。

美国进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”探析

进步主义时代以城市改革者为主体发起的“乡村生活运动”,是美国联邦政府“乡村振兴”战略的开端。从1908年成立的乡村生活委员会到后来组建的乡村生活协会,改革者逐步把“乡村生活运动”推向高潮。“乡村生活运动”改变了美国的乡村生产生活方式,促进了农业现代化,带动了乡村文化、教育和社会多方面的改革,并从另一个侧面折射出进步主义时代的改革成果。尤其值得注意的是,在“乡村生活运动”中,城市改革者与农民之间形成了良性的互动关系,进一步加快了美国的工业化和城市化步伐。但遗憾的是,美国“乡村生活运动”最终并没有完成“乡村振兴”的使命,而且运动发展过程中仍出现一些问题。在这个意义上,对进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”的研究,也有助于理解当时美国乡村振兴与社会变革之间的多元互动关系。

计及电池寿命的储能系统参与二次调频功率分配策略

储能系统辅助火电机组二次调频具有响应速度快、跟踪精度高等优点,但功率分配不当会加速电池寿命衰减,导致运行成本增加,经济效益下降。如何制定合理的储能功率分配策略,在确保调频性能的同时延长电池寿命并提高经济效益,已成为亟待解决的重要问题。首先基于二阶RC等效电路建立储能锂电池的数学模型,采用限定记忆最小二乘递推算法辨识模型参数;随后,在火储联合调频模型的基础上,对基于比例、差额和频率的3种功率分配策略进行了仿真分析;最后,根据江苏某660 MW火电机组的实际运行数据,重点分析了不同策略对系统调频性能、电池寿命及经济性的影响。结果表明,比例分配策略的调频效果最差,且会加速电池寿命衰减;差额分配策略在调频性能上表现优异,但对电池寿命的改善有限;频率分配策略能够有效降低电池更换频率,可提高整体经济效益。总体而言,频率分配策略不仅可提高系统的调频能力,还能最大限度延长电池寿命并优化经济效益,在储能系统辅助火电机组二次调频中具有显著的应用优势。

优质综合护理干预在重症监护室肺癌术后患者中的护理效果观察

目的:观察优质综合护理干预在重症监护室(ICU)肺癌术后患者中的护理效果。方法:选取2023年1—6月中山大学附属肿瘤防治中心ICU收治的肺癌术后患者100例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各50例。观察组接受优质综合护理干预,对照组接受基础护理干预。比较两组视觉模拟疼痛评分法(VAS)评分、生存质量评分、并发症发生率、护理满意度。结果:术后12 h、24 h、48 h,观察组VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.001);护理后,两组生理、心理、环境评分升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P=0.045);观察组护理总满意度高于对照组(P=0.026)。结论:ICU肺癌术后患者行优质综合护理干预的效果显著,可缓解疼痛,改善生存质量,降低并发症发生率,提高护理满意度。

基于迁移学习的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测

为解决轴承剩余使用寿命预测模型预测泛化能力低,不能准确预测出未训练轴承剩余使用寿命的问题,本文提出了一种迁移轴承状态知识的剩余使用寿命的方法。利用计算时域、频域特征以及模糊熵作为预测特征,使用“3σ”准则将轴承全寿命过程划分为正常阶段、退化阶段,以实现对退化阶段轴承剩余使用寿命的预测。构建基于门控循环单元的轴承剩余使用寿命预测模型,并使用某一轴承的全寿命周期数据进行训练,使模型学习到新轴承的状态信息。研究表明:相较于未使用迁移学习的方法,其预测所有轴承的轴承剩余使用寿命平均均方根误差减小了52.53%,平均百分比误差减少了68.87%。本文提出的方法可以有效、准确地预测出轴承的轴承剩余使用寿命。

以生命科学史为主线情境的初中单元整体教学

融入生命科学史的单元整体教学是落实立德树人和生物学核心素养的重要途径。本文以“细胞是生命活动的基本单位”为例,通过指向核心素养的单元整体教学目标的确立、单元整体教学活动和单元整体教学评价的设计等,引导学生有效建构大概念体系,初步形成结构与功能观等生命观念,感悟科学精神,发展学科核心素养。

基于SSA-GRU大功率多状态PEMFC寿命预测

提出了一种用于最大额定功率为110 kW的质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)剩余使用寿命的麻雀搜索算法优化门控循环单元的方法,进行了超过600 h的动态循环耐久试验,以模拟不同路况下车载PEMFC的工作情况。为准确预测大功率PEMFC的剩余使用寿命,需考虑其在不同工作状态下输出电压,将输出电压根据不同功率点进行分类预测。将采样数组经过滤波处理,减少峰值,平滑降噪,然后基于数据驱动的方法以各工作状态下电压数据以及不同的训练集划分作为输入,并预测结果通过选取的评价指标与不同的常见时序回归算法证实此模型的准确性。以数据的60%作为训练集为例,麻雀搜索优化门控循环单元(sparrow search algorithm-gate recurrent unit, SSA-GRU)的预测结果对比时间卷积网络(temporal convolutional network, TCN)其平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error, MAPE)在30、50、70、90、110 kW分别降低了0.110 5%、0.525 7%、0.308 4%、0.402 1%和0.831 9%。在规定的寿命截止时间点下,使用寿命预测误差最小仅为0.733%,且不同工作状态下的预测误差都优于其他预测算法。

基于生命周期评价的FFU碳足迹分析

碳足迹作为评估产品碳排放的量化指标,已成为低碳经济产业中重要的考量因素。风机过滤单元(FFU)由于应用范围广、能耗占比大等特点,其碳足迹研究具有重要意义。基于生命周期评价方法(LCA),依据碳足迹国际标准PAS2050的“从摇篮到大门”模型,研究FFU全生命周期内的碳足迹。基于使用运行阶段不同能耗预测模型的计算分析,一台FFU全生命周期内碳足迹为5376.6kgCO_(2)e或6873.7kgCO_(2)e。其中,运行阶段碳排放占比96%以上。因此,降低运行阶段的能耗是降低FFU全生命周期碳足迹的主要措施,这对FFU的使用运行环境、高效/超高效空气过滤器的动态性能、FFU综合性能提出了要求。

基于CNN-GRU-AE的蓝莓货架期预测模型研究

为探究贮藏于不同温度条件下蓝莓的品质变化及货架期,以‘自由’蓝莓为研究对象,测定其在0、4、25℃条件下的颜色参数、质量损失率、腐败率、质地参数等共计21个品质指标。通过5种具有自带特征选择功能的机器学习算法,筛选出7个影响货架期的关键特征作为模型的输入变量,构建基于注意力(attention,AE)机制的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)和门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)的蓝莓货架期预测模型。结果表明,与原始GRU相比,CNN-GRU-AE模型的平均绝对误差、均方误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别降低了75.83%、91.46%、61.58%,决定系数增加了2.25%。说明添加注意力机制并与CNN结合后的GRU模型显著提高了货架期的预测精度。本研究可为蓝莓在不同贮藏温度条件下的货架期制定提供理论支持,并为剩余货架期的预测提供技术帮助。

The Analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) for Categorizing the Member States of the United Nations (UN)

To categorize the nations to reflect the development status, to date, there are many conceptual frameworks. The Human Development index (HDI) that is published by the United Nations Development Programme is widely accepted and practiced by many people such as academicians, politicians, and donor organizations. However, though the development of HDI has gone through many revisions since its formulation in 1990, even the current version of the index formulation published in 2016 needs research to better understand and to gap-fill the knowledge base that can enhance the index formulation to facilitate the direction of attention such as release of funds. Therefore, in this paper, based on principal component analysis and K-means clustering algorithm, the data that reflect the measures of life expectancy index (LEI), education index (EI), and income index (II) are analyzed to categorize and to rank the member states of the UN using R statistical software package, an open source extensible programming language for statistical computing and graphics. The outcome of the study shows that the proportion of total eigen value (i.e., proportion of total variance) explained by PCA-1 (i.e., first principal component) accounts for more than 85% of the total variation. Moreover, the proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 increases with time (i.e., yearly) though the amount of increase with time is not significant. However, the proportions of total eigen value explained by PCA-2 and PCA-3 decrease with time. Therefore, the loss of information in choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables (i.e., LEI, EI, and II) may diminish with time if the trend of increasing pattern of proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 with time continues in the future as well. On the other hand, the correlation between EI and PCA-1 increases with time although the magnitude of increase is not that significant. This same trend is observed in II as well. However, in contrast to these observations, the correlation between PCA-1 and LEI decreases with time. These findings imply that the contributions of EI and II to PCA-1 increase with time, but the contribution of LEI to PCA-1 decreases with time. On top of these, as per Hopkins statistic, the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA-1 alone is far better than the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA scores (i.e., PCA-1, PCA-2, and PCA-3) and the explanatory variables. Therefore, choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables is becoming more concrete.

医疗卫生用非织造布制品碳足迹核算关键问题探究

为系统分析医疗卫生用非织造布制品碳足迹核算的关键问题,对医疗卫生用非织造布制品碳足迹的研究文献进行总结与分析,并对生产阶段的耗电量数据拆分、废弃阶段的碳减排措施及制品功能单位设定等医疗卫生用非织造布制品碳足迹核算的关键问题进行探讨。