The winter’s first snow covered our rhododendron bush-ers like a pure,downy baby’s blanket.As I gazed out my bed-room window,I wondered if the baby growing inside me wouldlove to make snow angels and watch crystalli...The winter’s first snow covered our rhododendron bush-ers like a pure,downy baby’s blanket.As I gazed out my bed-room window,I wondered if the baby growing inside me wouldlove to make snow angels and watch crystallized flakes melton his or her little mittens.展开更多
With the growing economy of India, banking sector growth has led to installation of thousands of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) throughout the country. ATMs provide 24 × 7 services as well as operate at low-tem...With the growing economy of India, banking sector growth has led to installation of thousands of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) throughout the country. ATMs provide 24 × 7 services as well as operate at low-temperature ranges of cooling, hence have high operating energy costs. Insulating an ATM’s envelope is not a prevalent technique in India. In the present study, an effort has been made to determine the optimum insulation thickness for three different insulation materials for the typical ATM envelope in four different climatic zones of India. Life cycle savings and payback periods for various insulation materials are also evaluated. Further, these optimally insulated ATM envelopes can be integrated with grid connected rooftop solar PV systems. The energy saving and emissions reduction potential due to these two interventions have been estimated on the national basis. Altogether in the four selected climate zones, energy saving of 17% - 30% provides the annual economic benefit of Indian National Rupees (Rs.) 3570 million with annual carbon reduction potential of about 0.60 million tCO<sub>2</sub>. From this study, it is observed that properly insulated ATMs integrated with rooftop solar PV systems, can significantly reduce the energy costs as well as carbon emissions in India’s context.展开更多
Determining the optimum insulation thicknesses of external envelopes for livestock buildings are one of the most effective metrics to decrease energy requirements.This study was carried out to determine the optimum in...Determining the optimum insulation thicknesses of external envelopes for livestock buildings are one of the most effective metrics to decrease energy requirements.This study was carried out to determine the optimum insulation thicknesses for livestock buildings in different climate zones,to examine the effects of insulation thickness and material(foam glass,mineral wool,expanded polystyrene,foamed polyurethane,foamed polyvinyl chloride,and expanded polyethylene)on life cycle total cost,life cycle savings,and payback period.The finishing pig houses and laying hen buildings with sandwich wall structures(color steel laminboard)in five typical cities were studied using the degree-days method with economic models.Optimal insulation thicknesses ranged from 0.05 m to 0.25 m and 0.02 m to 0.24 m in finishing pig houses and poultry buildings,respectively;the life cycle total costs ranged from 16.49 to 37.98$/m2 and 13.37 to 36.84$/m2;the life cycle savings ranged from 29.13 to 220.60$/m2 and 0 to 202.13$/m2;and the payback period ranged from 1.11 to 5.81 years and 1.19 to 20.76 years,respectively.Foamed polyurethane provided the highest life cycle savings,while foam glass had the lowest.In this research,the insulation thicknesses for the sandwich structure livestock buildings external envelopes are optimized,and the energy saving can be obtained by using proper insulation thickness in different regions.Furthermore,it can increase the knowledge about energy consumption in the livestock buildings and the results can be also a useful tool for farmers.展开更多
文摘The winter’s first snow covered our rhododendron bush-ers like a pure,downy baby’s blanket.As I gazed out my bed-room window,I wondered if the baby growing inside me wouldlove to make snow angels and watch crystallized flakes melton his or her little mittens.
文摘With the growing economy of India, banking sector growth has led to installation of thousands of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) throughout the country. ATMs provide 24 × 7 services as well as operate at low-temperature ranges of cooling, hence have high operating energy costs. Insulating an ATM’s envelope is not a prevalent technique in India. In the present study, an effort has been made to determine the optimum insulation thickness for three different insulation materials for the typical ATM envelope in four different climatic zones of India. Life cycle savings and payback periods for various insulation materials are also evaluated. Further, these optimally insulated ATM envelopes can be integrated with grid connected rooftop solar PV systems. The energy saving and emissions reduction potential due to these two interventions have been estimated on the national basis. Altogether in the four selected climate zones, energy saving of 17% - 30% provides the annual economic benefit of Indian National Rupees (Rs.) 3570 million with annual carbon reduction potential of about 0.60 million tCO<sub>2</sub>. From this study, it is observed that properly insulated ATMs integrated with rooftop solar PV systems, can significantly reduce the energy costs as well as carbon emissions in India’s context.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500700)and the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-40).
文摘Determining the optimum insulation thicknesses of external envelopes for livestock buildings are one of the most effective metrics to decrease energy requirements.This study was carried out to determine the optimum insulation thicknesses for livestock buildings in different climate zones,to examine the effects of insulation thickness and material(foam glass,mineral wool,expanded polystyrene,foamed polyurethane,foamed polyvinyl chloride,and expanded polyethylene)on life cycle total cost,life cycle savings,and payback period.The finishing pig houses and laying hen buildings with sandwich wall structures(color steel laminboard)in five typical cities were studied using the degree-days method with economic models.Optimal insulation thicknesses ranged from 0.05 m to 0.25 m and 0.02 m to 0.24 m in finishing pig houses and poultry buildings,respectively;the life cycle total costs ranged from 16.49 to 37.98$/m2 and 13.37 to 36.84$/m2;the life cycle savings ranged from 29.13 to 220.60$/m2 and 0 to 202.13$/m2;and the payback period ranged from 1.11 to 5.81 years and 1.19 to 20.76 years,respectively.Foamed polyurethane provided the highest life cycle savings,while foam glass had the lowest.In this research,the insulation thicknesses for the sandwich structure livestock buildings external envelopes are optimized,and the energy saving can be obtained by using proper insulation thickness in different regions.Furthermore,it can increase the knowledge about energy consumption in the livestock buildings and the results can be also a useful tool for farmers.
