人LIGHT和HSV-TK-EGFP基因共转染的MSCs抗肿瘤免疫的体内研究

目的研究与单纯疱疹病毒的糖蛋白D竞争结合单纯疱疹病毒进入介导物(herpes virus entry mediator,HVEM)的淋巴毒素类似物(homologous to lymphotoxins,exhibits inducible expression,and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM,a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes,LIGHT)基因和单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶(herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase,HSV-TK)基因共转染的骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)在体内的抗肿瘤免疫功能。方法将pIRES2-LIGHT基因和HSV-TK-EGFP基因共转染小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs/LT组),以转染空载体和转染HSV-TK-EGFP基因的骨髓间充质干细胞作对照。流式细胞仪检测LIGHT分子和HSV-TK-EGFP分子在稳定转染的骨髓间充质干细胞上的表达。体内迁移实验观察MSCs/LT在小鼠体内迁移情况。观察更昔洛韦注射前后MSCs/LT对荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤的治疗作用。ELISA法检测小鼠肿瘤组织中IFN-γ,IL-2和IL-10的水平。结果流式细胞仪检测发现,MSCs/LT能稳定高表达LIGHT分子。MSCs/LT有特异地向肿瘤组织趋化的特性。MSCs/LT和MSCs/T有较好的抑制肿瘤生长的能力,但在更昔洛韦诱导后,MSCs/LT的抗肿瘤效应下降甚至消失。同时,MSCs/LT可促使T细胞进入肿瘤组织,并促进T细胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ,抑制IL-10分泌(P<0.05)。结论共转染人LIGHT和HSV-TK-EGFP基因的骨髓间充质干细胞能稳定高表达LIGHT分子,能特异性地向荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤组织趋化并抑制肿瘤的生长,这种体内抗肿瘤功能可能与促进T淋巴细胞IL-2、IFN-γ等细胞因子的分泌,改善局部免疫抑制环境有关。

基于改进GWO-LightGBM的磨煤机故障预警方法研究

为提高燃煤电厂磨煤机运维效率、降低运维成本,对磨煤机故障预警进行了研究。创新性地提出一种基于改进灰狼优化(GWO)算法的轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)故障预警方法。通过建立LightGBM轴承温度预测模型获取磨煤机轴承温度阈值,并引入改进GWO算法优化模型超参数,以提高算法效率和性能。试验结果表明,改进GWO-LightGBM算法相比支持向量机(SVM)等传统算法具有更高的精度和更优的泛化能力。通过实际故障案例证明,该方法能够提前2 h对磨煤机进行早期故障预警。该方法对燃煤电厂磨煤机安全运维具有指导意义。

基于CEEMDAN-VMD-TCN-lightGBM模型的水质预测研究

针对目前水质预测模型中因为数据本身的复杂性、在信号处理过程中存在的噪声干扰以及分解深度不够导致单一分解难以全面捕捉信号非线性特征的问题,提出了一种基于二次分解的水质预测模型。该模型采用完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对原始数据进行分解,再利用变分模态分解(VMD)对熵值最高的模态分量进行二次分解,最终将处理后的时间序列输入到TCN-lightGBM多特征预测模型中。同时,采用麻雀算法(SSA)对预测模型进行优化。以山东省玉符河水质为例,本模型的均方根误差(RMSE)是0.1053,平均绝对误差(MAE)是0.0815,决定系数(R2)是0.9471,与GRU、LSTM、LightGBM、TCN等当下较为流行的模型的预测指标进行比较。结果显示,在R2上本模型提升了53.04%、70.41%、66.07%、65.20%等,在RMSE上减少了62.76%、65.50%、64.93%、64.80%等,在MAE上降低了62.76%、66.24%、63.80%、65.24%等。由此可知,基于CEEMDAN-VMD-TCN-lightGBM的模型具有更好的预测性能、泛化能力和捕捉信号非线性特征的能力。

基于LightGBM的智能可穿戴设备用户行为预测

智能可穿戴设备产生的大量数据是人类宝贵的数字资源。使用开放数据集和主流数据分析工具,如可进行快速模型开发的PyCaret模块,有助于人们进行数据挖掘工作,且不被细节所困扰。作为Kaggle竞赛爱好者的常用工具,LightGBM分类器对用户行为的预测表现优异,对此文中的研究结果也得到验证。

Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei

Light levels determine regeneration in stands and a key concern is how to regulate the light environment of different stand types to the requirements of the understory.In this study,we selected three stands typical in south China(a Cryptomeria japonica plantation,a Quercus acutissima plantation,and a mixed stand of both)and three thinning intensities to determine the best understory light environ-ment for 3-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings.The canopy structure,understory light environment,and photosynthe-sis and growth indicators were assessed following thin-ning.Thinning improved canopy structure and understory light availability of each stand;species composition was the reason for differences in the understory light environ-ment.Under the same thinning intensity,the mixed stand had the greatest light radiation and most balanced spectral composition.P.bournei photosynthesis and growth were closely related to the light environment;all three stands required heavy thinning to create an effective and sustained understory light environment.In a suitable understory light environment,the efficiency of light interception,absorption,and use by seedlings was enhanced,resulting in a higher carbon assimilation the main limiting factor was stomatal conductance.As a shade-avoidance signal,red/far-red radia-tion is a critical factor driving changes in photosynthesis and growth of P.bournei seedlings,and a reduction increased light absorption and use capacity and height:diameter ratios.The growth advantage transformed from diameter to height,enabling seedlings to access more light.Our findings suggest that the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as P.bournei could be enhanced if a targeted approach to thinning based on stand type was adopted.

Public health importance of light intensity physical activity

1.Light intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

Model prediction of inactivation of Aeromonas salmonicida grown on poultry in situ by intense pulsed light

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light(IPL)on Aeromonas salmonicida grown on chicken meat and skin,and to further develop prediction models of inactivation.In this work,chicken meat and skin inoculated with meat-borne A.salmonicida isolates were subjected to IPL treatments under different conditions.The results showed that IPL had obvious bactericidal effect in the chicken skin and thickness groups when the treatment voltage and time were 7 V combined with 5 s.In addition,the lethality curves of A.salmonicida were fitted under IPL conditions of 3.5-7.5 V.The comparison of statistical parameters revealed that the Weibull model could best fit the mortality curves and could accurately predict the mortality dynamic of A.salmonicida grown on chicken skin.And further a secondary model between the scale factor b and the treatment voltage in Weibull model was established using linear equations,which determined that the secondary model could accurately predict the inactivation of A.salmonicida.This study provides a theoretical basis for future prediction models of Aeromonas,and also provides new ideas for sterilization approaches of meat-borne Aeromonas.

CAEFusion: A New Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Infrared and Visible Light Image Fusion Algorithm

To address the issues of incomplete information,blurred details,loss of details,and insufficient contrast in infrared and visible image fusion,an image fusion algorithm based on a convolutional autoencoder is proposed.The region attention module is meant to extract the background feature map based on the distinct properties of the background feature map and the detail feature map.A multi-scale convolution attention module is suggested to enhance the communication of feature information.At the same time,the feature transformation module is introduced to learn more robust feature representations,aiming to preserve the integrity of image information.This study uses three available datasets from TNO,FLIR,and NIR to perform thorough quantitative and qualitative trials with five additional algorithms.The methods are assessed based on four indicators:information entropy(EN),standard deviation(SD),spatial frequency(SF),and average gradient(AG).Object detection experiments were done on the M3FD dataset to further verify the algorithm’s performance in comparison with five other algorithms.The algorithm’s accuracy was evaluated using the mean average precision at a threshold of 0.5(mAP@0.5)index.Comprehensive experimental findings show that CAEFusion performs well in subjective visual and objective evaluation criteria and has promising potential in downstream object detection tasks.

Generation of structured light beams with polarization variation along arbitrary spatial trajectories using tri-layer metasurfaces

Conventionally,the spatially structured light beams produced by metasurfaces primarily highlight the polarization modulation of the beams propagating along the optical axis or the beams'spatial transmission trajectory.In particular,along the optical axis,the polarization state is either constant or varies continuously in each output plane.Here,we develop innovative spatially structured light beams with continually changing polarization along any arbitrary spatial transmission trajectories.With tri-layer metallic metasurfaces,the geometric characteristics of each layer structure can be adjusted to modulate the phase and polarization state of the incident terahertz(THz)wave.The beam will converge to the predefined trajectory along several paths to generate a Bessel-like beam with longitudinal polarization changes.We demonstrate the versatility of the approach by designing two THz-band structured light beams with varying polarization states along the spatial helical transmission trajectory.Continuous linear polarization changes and linear polarization to right circular polarization(RCP)and back to linear polarization changes are realized respectively.The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated results.Our proposal for arbitrary trajectory structured light beams with longitudinally varying polarization offers a practical method for continuously regulating the characteristics of spatial structured light beams with non-axial transmission.This technique has potential uses in optical encryption,particle manipulation,and biomedical imaging.

Miscibility of light oil and flue gas under thermal action

The miscibility of flue gas and different types of light oils is investigated through slender-tube miscible displacement experiment at high temperature and high pressure.Under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure,the miscible displacement of flue gas and light oil is possible.At the same temperature,there is a linear relationship between oil displacement efficiency and pressure.At the same pressure,the oil displacement efficiency increases gently and then rapidly to more than 90% to achieve miscible displacement with the increase of temperature.The rapid increase of oil displacement efficiency is closely related to the process that the light components of oil transit in phase state due to distillation with the rise of temperature.Moreover,at the same pressure,the lighter the oil,the lower the minimum miscibility temperature between flue gas and oil,which allows easier miscibility and ultimately better performance of thermal miscible flooding by air injection.The miscibility between flue gas and light oil at high temperature and high pressure is more typically characterized by phase transition at high temperature in supercritical state,and it is different from the contact extraction miscibility of CO_(2) under conventional high pressure conditions.

基于Light-Resnet卷积神经网络的电力设备监测数值识别算法

在智能电网中,精确监测输电、配电及供电关键设备的运行状态对在线运维至关重要。面对人工抄录和巡检的低效,以及监测装置数字化升级的复杂安装、高成本和长周期等挑战,结合图像采集装置与图像处理技术,根据计算资源合理分配任务,开发了一种基于Light-Resnet数值识别算法,该算法通过D-Add损失函数优化网络训练过程,实现电力设备监测数据的远程读取。实验表明:Light-Resnet以6090的参数量在MNIST数据集获得了98.8%的严格准确率,结合边端协同机制,终端侧能耗降低了20.73%。这一算法不仅证明了自身在资源受限环境下的适应性和高效性,同时D-Add损失函数的设计也显著提升了网络的准确度。

基于LightGBM模型的甘肃省临夏县滑坡易发性评价

甘肃省临夏县地质环境复杂,滑坡灾害发育,对当地居民生产生活造成严重威胁,亦对工程建设的开展造成一定阻碍,因此,选取高效准确的机器学习方法对临夏县进行滑坡易发性评价具有重大意义。首先依据遥感影像和野外勘察资料,选取了1718处滑坡样本,遴选了滑坡灾变的16种影响因子并建立滑坡影响因子评价体系;再结合预测精度和运行时间等指标对比了轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)模型与主流机器学习模型的性能;最后利用混淆矩阵分级方法进行了基于LightGBM模型的临夏县滑坡易发性评价。结果表明:临夏县重要滑坡影响因子为地表植被和地形地貌因子,其中土地覆盖为最主要影响因子;LightGBM模型预测精度高达0.931,且运行速度仅为11.7 s,既能保证高精度又极大提升了运行效率;在抽稀后的数据集上,LightGBM模型的预测表现、校准程度和分级结果均优于随机森林(RF)模型;混淆矩阵分级法的较高和高易发区内滑坡分布更为集中,在14.94%的区域内分布着86.86%的滑坡灾害点。滑坡易发性评价结果较好地反映了研究区内滑坡分布发育情况,可为当地工程建设及防灾减灾工作提供一定指导。

分布式光伏功率数据的IMOWOA和LightGBM混合虚拟采集方法

点多面广、分散无序的分布式光伏电站规模化接入电网是我国新型电力系统向低碳演进的重要路径之一。低成本、高效率的分布式光伏电站数据获取是光伏电站开展精细化管理、精益化运维的重要基础。为此,该文提出一种基于改进多目标鲸鱼优化算法(improved multi-objective whale optimization algorithm,IMOWOA)与轻量梯度提升机(light gradient boosting machine,LightGBM)的分布式光伏数据虚拟采集方案。针对虚拟采集区域划分难题,该方案首先在网格化区域划分的基础上提出一种自编码器相似性分析方法,获取满足相似性需求的光伏电站集;为解决参考电站集选择难题,提出一种改进的多目标鲸鱼优化算法,提高算法的全局搜索能力,基于区域内光伏电站的历史功率数据,同时对参考电站子集与LightGBM超参数进行优化,从而实现仅选取部分分布式光伏电站安装完备的数据采集装置,完成区域范围内所有电站功率数据的高精度虚拟采集。最后,以我国江苏省某区域范围内的29个分布式光伏电站为算例进行分析,验证提出的方法的可行性和有效性。

基于VMD与优化LightGBM的混凝土拱坝变形预测

变形是反映混凝土拱坝安全运行状态的重要指标,因此变形预测模型的研究对拱坝结构健康评价具有重要意义。为充分挖掘拱坝变形监测数据的有效信息,提高监控模型的预测精度,提出一种基于变分模态分解与优化LightGBM的混凝土拱坝变形预测模型。首先,采用VMD将变形实测数据分解为多个模态分量;其次,引入改进灰狼算法与LightGBM相结合建立混凝土拱坝变形预测模型;随后,对模态分量进行单独建模和预测,最后叠加以得到最终的预测结果。工程实例分析表明,通过有效地分解重构,构建的变形预测模型具有较高的预测精度和泛化性能。

基于LightGBM的贵阳市气溶胶光学厚度反演

为充分挖掘国产高分四号卫星(GF-4)的环境监测能力,克服基于查找表方法反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的复杂性和弥补贵阳市无气溶胶监测站点的缺陷,并提升MODISAOD产品的时空分辨率,利用贵阳市研究区的高程数据和GF-4多光谱成像仪(PMS)数据提取的地表反射率、太阳天顶角、卫星天顶角、相对方位角和归一化植被指数作为特征变量,以MODIS气溶胶产品为标签,基于LightGBM算法构建了贵阳市AOD反演模型。研究结果表明:该模型能够基于GF-4 PMS单时相遥感数据实现较高精度的AOD智能反演,极大简化了AOD反演步骤,且具有较高的建模精度(平均绝对误差E_(MA)、均方根误差E_(RMS)、决定系数R^(2)分别为0.042、0.057、0.751)和预测精度(城区:E_(MA)=0.077,E_(RMS)=0.086;非城区:E_(MA)=0.094,E_(RMS)=0.101),AOD预测值和MODIS AOD具有相似的变化趋势,皮尔逊相关系数为0.697。

基于注意力机制和LSTM-LightGBM的特高压直流输电线路可听噪声无效数据清洗方法

特高压直流输电线路可听噪声试验过程中,外界环境的突发性干扰会使实验数据中掺杂较多的无效数据,严重影响后续的数据分析。提出了一种基于注意力机制(attention mechanism,AM)和长短时记忆网络-轻量级梯度提升机(long short-term memory network-light gradient boosting machine,LSTM-LightGBM)的输电线路可听噪声无效数据清洗方法。首先,针对可听噪声数据的非线性、高维时序冗余特征等特点,以LSTM神经网络为基础进行特征提取;同时,引入特征维度注意力机制,自适应地分配权重来刻画关键特征信息的表达能力;进而,利用LightGBM对提取到的特征进行分类,检测出无效数据;然后,以某特高压直流输电线路实测可听噪声数据试验分析,结果表明该方法的检测精准率为95.55%,召回率为97.73%,F1分数为0.9663,均优于对比实验模型;最后,将无效数据删除并使用均值插补法填补,无效数据清洗后数据的50%值和95%值基本不变,仅降低无效数据的最大值和5%值。该算法对提高输电线路可听噪声数据的可靠性具有一定参考意义。

基于DGA与TPE-LightGBM的变压器故障诊断

油中溶解气体分析(dissolved gas analysis,DGA)对变压器故障的早期预警及诊断具有重要意义。为了提升变压器故障诊断的准确性及可靠性,提出一种基于树结构概率密度估计(tree-structured parzen estimator,TPE)算法优化轻量级梯度提升机(light gradient boosting machine,LightGBM)的变压器故障诊断方法。首先,建立包含油中气体比值、编码等16维DGA特征集合,采用最小绝对收缩和选择(least absolute shrinkage and selection opera-tor,LASSO)算法选择用于变压器故障诊断的有效特征量;其次,构建基于LightGBM的变压器故障诊断方法,并引入TPE算法对LightGBM诊断模型参数进行优化,形成最优故障诊断模型;最后,选用精确度、召回率和F1分数等评价指标对所提诊断模型性能进行评估。研究结果表明,TPE-LightGBM的平均准确率为90.23%,其诊断精度及鲁棒性均优于RF和XGBoost等算法。同时,与现场常用的三比值法进行对比,所提方法的准确性和可靠性均有显著提升。该方法可有效提升电力变压器的智能运维水平。

Photoperiod Mediates the Effects of Temperature and Light Intensity on the Proliferation of Ulva prolifera

In order to study the complex effects of photoperiod,temperature,and light intensity on the spore maturation and release number of Ulva prolifera,we cultured thalli segment(2–3 mm)under three different photoperiods(L:D=12:12,14:10 and 10:14),temperature(15℃(LT),25℃(MT)and 30℃(HT))and light intensity(100,200 and 400μmol m^(−2)s^(−1),noted as LL,ML and HL,respectively)conditions.Then the maturation time,spore release number and chlorophyll fluorescence were analyzed.The results suggested that:1)The spore maturation time was accelerated by higher temperature or higher light intensity from 62 h to 36 h,and changes in day length accelerated the spore maturation to a certain extent as compared with 12:12 light/dark cycle;2)Higher light intensity significantly decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv′/Fm′,NPQ,rETRmax andα)of the mature reproductive segment under 30℃with 12:12 light/dark cycle.But when in the other photoperiods(10:14 and 14:10 conditions),the inhibitory effects of high light intensity were alleviated significantly;3)The optimum condition for the spore maturation and release was 12:12 light/dark cycle,25℃,400μmol m^(−2)s^(−1),with both shorter and longer photoperiod reducing the spore release number;4)Higher light intensity significantly increased the spore release number under 25℃,but these effects were alleviated by 30℃treatment.This study is the first attempt to elucidate the coincidence effects of photoperiod,temperature and light intensity on the reproduction of Ulva,which would help to reveal the mechanism of the rapid proliferation of green tide.

Effects of Different Light Qualities on the Growth Characteristics of Populus trinervis

Populus trinervis is native to China and plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the ecological balance of boreal and temperate forests.P.trinervis mainly grows in high-altitude areas.At present,there are limited studies on the response of P.trinervis to different light qualities,so it is necessary to investigate the photosynthetic physiological changes of P.trinervis in different light environments.In our study,P.trinervis was grown for 8 months under light filtered by three different colored films.The three treatments were blue film,green film,and white plastic film.The effects of blue(B),green(G),and white(W)light on photosynthetic pigment content,absolute growth,photosynthetic parameters,soluble sugar content,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied,respectively.Compared to the Wtreatment,the chlorophyll a and b,carotenoids,total chlorophyll content(a+b),absolute growth of seedling height,net photosynthetic rate(PN),water use efficiency(WUE),total soluble sugars,sucrose,and nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ)of P.trinervis were significantly increased under B treatment.Meanwhile,chlorophyll a and b,carotenoids,total chlorophyll(a+b),transpiration rate(Tr),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(gs),absolute growth of seedling height and leaf length,reducing sugar,total soluble sugar content,and NPQ were significantly increased under G treatment.The results showed that the absolute growth and chlorophyll content of P.trinervis were increased under B light,while the sugar and photosynthetic parameters were increased under G light.Additional studies may look into how B light impacts absolute growth and promotional mechanisms,as well as how G light affects the accumulation of sugar levels.

Heterogeneous population distribution enhances resistance to wheat lodging by optimizing the light environment

Lodging is still the key factor that limits continuous increases in wheat yields today,because the mechanical strength of culms is reduced due to low-light stress in populations under high-yield cultivation.The mechanical properties of the culm are mainly determined by lignin,which is affected by the light environment.However,little is known about whether the light environment can be sufficiently improved by changing the population distribution to inhibit culm lodging.Therefore,in this study,we used the wheat cultivar“Xinong 979”to establish a low-density homogeneous distribution treatment(LD),high-density homogeneous distribution treatment(HD),and high-density heterogeneous distribution treatment(HD-h)to study the regulatory effects and mechanism responsible for differences in the lodging resistance of wheat culms under different population distributions.Compared with LD,HD significantly reduced the light transmittance in the middle and basal layers of the canopy,the net photosynthetic rate in the middle and lower leaves of plants,the accumulation of lignin in the culm,and the breaking resistance of the culm,and thus the lodging index values increased significantly,with lodging rates of 67.5%in 2020–2021 and 59.3%in 2021–2022.Under HD-h,the light transmittance and other indicators in the middle and basal canopy layers were significantly higher than those under HD,and the lodging index decreased to the point that no lodging occurred.Compared with LD,the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-Lyase(PAL),4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase(4CL),catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT),and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD)in the lignin synthesis pathway were significantly reduced in the culms under HD during the critical period for culm formation,and the relative expression levels of TaPAL,Ta4CL,TaCOMT,and TaCAD were significantly downregulated.However,the activities of lignin synthesis-related enzymes and their gene expression levels were significantly increased under HD-h compared with HD.A partial least squares path modeling analysis found significant positive effects between the canopy light environment,the photosynthetic capacity of the middle and lower leaves of plants,lignin synthesis and accumulation,and lodging resistance in the culms.Thus,under conventional high-density planting,the risk of wheat lodging was significantly higher.Accordingly,the canopy light environment can be optimized by changing the heterogeneity of the population distribution to improve the photosynthetic capacity of the middle and lower leaves of plants,promote lignin accumulation in the culm,and enhance lodging resistance in wheat.These findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism responsible for the lower mechanical strength of the culm under high-yield wheat cultivation,and a theoretical basis and for developing technical measures to enhance lodging resistance.