Preparation of Light-weight Spinel Refractories by Foaming-gel Process

Light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel materi- als were prepared by foaming-gel process with polyalumi- nium chloride （PAC） as gel. Effect of solid loading in initial slurry on microstructure, porosity, pore size distri- bution, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the bulk density of the light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel mate- rials is in the range of O. 7 1.2 g cm-3 ; pore size distribution curves show single-peak characteristics and the mean pore size is in the range of 30. 83 - 61.37 μm ; with the increase of solid loading, the linear shrinkage of the green body during firing and the permanent change in dimensions on heating at l 600 ℃ for 3 h de- crease, but the bulk density increases, the mechanical properties increase obviously; the maximum compressive strength and bending strength reach 35. 25 MPa and 9. 92 MPa, respectively, while the bulk density is 1. 16 g · cm ; and the thermal conductivity at 1 000 ℃ tea- ches 0. 371 W · m-1 . K-1 while the bulk density is O. 7 -3 g · cm

Progress in Light-weight High Entropy Alloys

High entropy alloys(HEAs)possess good mechanical properties and a wide range of industrial applications.In this paper,phase formation prediction theory,microstructure,properties and preparation methods of light-weight HEAs(LWHEAs)were reviewed.The problems and challenges faced by LWHEAs development were analyzed.The results showed that many aspects are still weak and require investigation for future advanced alloys,such as clarification of the role of entropy in phase formation and properties of HEAs,improved definition and different generations division of HEAs,close-packed hexagonal(HCP)phase structure prediction and corresponding alloy design and fabrication.Finally,some suggestions were presented in this paper including in-depth research on formation mechanism of multi-component alloy phase and strengthening of large-scale HEA preparation methods via technology compounding and 3D printing technology.Also,there is a need for more research on the in-situ preparation of HEA coatings and films,as well as developing LWHEAs with superior strength and elevated temperature resistance or ultra-low temperature resistance to meet the requirements of future engineering applications.

Investigation on microstructures and properties of semi-solid Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5)light-weight high-entropy alloy during isothermal heat treatment process

The Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5)light-weight high-entropy alloy with globular microstructure was fabricated by isothermal heat treatment.The effects of isothermal temperatures and holding times on the semi-solid microstructure evolution were investigated.The results indicate that,with increase of the isothermal temperature,the average grain size increases and the spheroidization time shortens.With prolongation of holding time,the shape factor increases firstly and then decreases,and the average grain size decreases at first and then increases when the isothermal temperature is below 520°C,however it increases gradually at 540℃.The optimal semi-solid microstructure is obtained at 520℃ for 30 min,whose shape factor and average grain size are 0.90 and 56.4μm,respectively.Compared with as-cast Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy,the compressive strength and plasticity of semi-solid Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy are increased by 36%and 108%,respectively.The formation of semi-solid microstructures includes three stages:melting separation,spheroidization,and coarsening growth.The sluggish diffusion effect of Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy leads to a low coarsening rate,resulting in slow grain growth.

Ultra-thin and light-weight spoof surface plasmon polariton coupler achieved by broadside coupled split ring resonators

Low profile and light weight are very important for practical applications of a spoof surface plasmon polariton（SSPP）coupler, especially at low frequencies. In this paper, we propose and design an ultra-thin, light-weight SSPP coupler based on broadside coupled split ring resonators（BC-SRRs）. The size of BC-SRR can be far less than λ/100 and can extremely well control the reflective phases within a subwavelength thickness. Due to the broadside capacitive coupling, the electrical size of BC-SRR is dramatically reduced to guarantee the ultra-thin thickness of the SSPP coupler. The weight of the SSPP coupler is reduced by a low occupation ratio of BC-SRR in the unit cell volume. As an example, a C-band SSPP coupler composed of phase gradient BC-SRRs is designed, fabricated, and measured. Due to the ultra-small size and low occupation ratio of BC-SRRs, the thickness of the coupler is λ/12 and the surface density is only 0.98 kg/m^2. Both simulation and experiment results verify that the coupler can achieve high-efficiency SPP coupling at 5.27 GHz under normal incidence.

Principles and Chief Technologies in Developing Light-weighted Worsted Fabrics

More and more light-weighted fabrics are being required by the market, especially for the worsted manufacture.In the past, such fabrics are produced mainly through changing the structure of woven goods or by using finer yarns. But these possibilities are very limited. In this paper, new devices are discussed: (1) on the yarn level- to use single yarns instead of conventional doubled ones, to decrease number of fibers in yarn cross sections beth during spinning and after finishing; (2) on the fiber level - to use finer fibers in blends with wool and modification of the wool fibers; (3) on the macromolecule level - to stretch the macromolecules in alpha keratin, to get super fine wool fibers.

Effects of Spherical Light-weight Aggregates Additions on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Al_2O_3-SiO_2 System Castables

In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.

Effect of Commercial Synthappret BAP Treatment on the Tailorability of Light-Weight Worsted Wool Fabrics

By means of measurement with the FAST instruments, the effect of commercial Synthappret BAP treatment on the tailorability of light-weight wool worsted fabrics has been investigated. It was found that the commercial Synthappret BAP treatment unproved the tailorability of the light-weight wool fabrics mainly by increasing the bending stiffness of the light-weight wool fabrics.

Prickle of Light-Weight Worsted Woven Wool Fabrics

Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.

A Study of Thermal Response and Flow Field Coupling Simulation around Hayabusa Capsule Loaded with Light-Weight Ablator

The numerical simulation of flow field around Hayabusa capsule loaded with light-weight ablator thermal response coupled with pyrolysis gas flow inside the ablator was carried out. In addition, the radiation from high temperature gas around the capsule was coupled with flow field. Hayabusa capsule reentered the atmosphere about 12 km/sec in velocity and Mach number about 30. During such an atmospheric entry, space vehicle is exposed to very savior aerodynamic heating due to convection and radiation. In this study, Hayabusa capsule was treated as a typical model of the atmospheric entry spacecraft. The light-weight ablator had porous structure, and permeability was an important parameter to analyze flow inside ablator. In this study, permeability was a variable parameter dependent on density of ablator. It is found that the effect of permeability of light-weight ablator was important with this analysis.

基于MobileViT的岩石薄片图像岩性识别方法研究

岩石薄片图像中包含了大量肉眼无法观察到的地质特征信息,对岩石薄片图像的岩性识别结果为后续的石油勘探和开发奠定了基础。针对岩性识别数据集不均衡、识别模型参数多等问题,提出一种改进的轻量化MobileViT模型,该模型针对涵盖了90%以上常见岩性的岩石薄片图像进行建模分析。首先,为使模型更好地学习到每类岩石薄片图像中所包含的独特特征,对数据集进行数字增加。其次,使用GELU替换MobileViT中MV2模块中常规ReLU6,从而作为该模块的激活函数,有效解决神经元死亡的问题,提升模型的收敛速度。最后,划分训练集和测试集,使用余弦退火算法自动更新学习率,以迁移学习加速训练过程,实现岩石薄片图像中针对岩性的自动识别。实验结果表明,改进后的MobileViT对岩性识别的准确率达82.9%,模型的参数仅为7.66M,通过实例验证该算法具有较好的鲁棒性。

基于改进YOLOv7-tiny的高空作业人员安防装备检测算法

针对现有高空作业人员安防装备检测算法参数量较大且检测目标相对单一,难以适应复杂的高空作业场景等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv7-tiny的高空作业人员安防装备检测算法。首先,将主干网络重新设计为更轻量的YOLOv7-FasterNet,并调整空间金字塔池化结构,实现模型参数量的压缩;其次,在ELAN-L模块中扩展梯度传输路径的分支,解决了模型压缩造成的通道信息缺失问题,提升了特征信息的提取能力;最后,将网络中下采样部分替换为Involution模块,降低参数冗余,增强网络对全局的捕获能力。实验结果表明,改进的YOLOv7-tiny算法能够更好地适应复杂高空作业场景,在开源数据集上具备良好的性能。该算法的平均检测精度达到94.7%,较原模型提升1.5%,参数量较原模型下降11.6%,实验结果验证了算法改进措施的有效性。

Ku波段全腔提取相对论磁控管仿真设计

为了拓展相对论磁控管工作频段,设计了一个Ku波段高效率全腔提取相对论磁控管。该器件采用20腔阳极结构,冷腔模拟结果表明其π模工作频率约为13.5 GHz。结合全腔轴向提取技术,在电压150 kV、电流0.41 kA、工作磁场0.4 T的条件下,PIC仿真得到38 MW的仿真功率,工作频率13.47 GHz;仿真得到的功率转换效率约61.6%。仿真结果表明该器件转换效率高,结构紧凑,具有实现轻小型永磁包装的潜质。

轻质高绝缘复合芯体制备及其在66 kV复合横担中的应用

随着“双碳”战略的逐步落实,新型复合材料横担正逐步代替铁制横担,在电力线路中的应用日益广泛。文中制备得到密度为1.1 g/cm^(3)的66 kV轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担,并对其进行吸水率、染料渗透、水扩散泄漏电流、击穿强度、热诱导、机械及电气试验。试验结果表明:填充芯体材料样品的质量吸水率为0.141%,水扩散泄漏电流小于103.3μA,交流击穿强度大于71 kV/cm,各项性能指标均达到DL/T 1580—2016棒形复合绝缘子用芯棒技术规范对于理化性能、电气性能及机械性能的标准要求,样品及横担整体无明显缺陷,横担耐老化性较好。同时,轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担微观界面结合良好,绝缘性能优于传统实心横担,满足新型电力系统清洁低碳、安全可靠的应用需求。

基于差分进化算法的减速器齿轮参数优化设计

根据上海道路循环工况,利用载荷的随机连续性和20CrMnMo材料的低载强化特性进行减速器齿轮有限寿命的轻量化设计。基于线性损伤理论,分别计算编制载荷谱和连续载荷谱在低载强化效应下的疲劳损伤,将疲劳损伤约束在一定范围内为选取条件,以齿轮体积最小为优化目标,建立了齿轮有限寿命的轻量化优化模型,通过差分进化算法求解得到优化后的齿轮参数。实验结果表明,设计的模型可快速准确优化齿轮参数,在采用连续载荷谱和考虑低载强化效应时,优化的齿轮参数最小。优化的模型可移植性好,可直接迁移到其他变速系统零件的轻量化设计。

改进YOLOv5su模型检测桃树缩叶病

为实现自然环境下桃树缩叶病的检测,该研究提出了一种基于YOLOv5su的桃树缩叶病识别改进模型DLLYOLOv5su。首先,针对桃树缩叶病目标特征变化较大的问题,在骨干网络最后一层C3模块中加入可变形自注意力模块(deformable attention,DA),使模型更加关注目标区域,降低背景对模型的影响,提高模型在复杂背景下的拟合能力。其次在SPPF(fast spatial pyramid pooling)模块中引入LSKA(large separable kernel attention)结构,大核卷积增大了模型的感受野,使模型能够关注更多信息。最后,提出了LAWD(lightweight adaptive weighted downsampling)模块,使用轻量化的下采样结构替换卷积模块,减少计算开销。在桃树缩叶病数据集上进行试验,结果显示,DLL-YOLOv5su模型权重大小为17.6 MB,检测速度为83帧/s。识别准确率P、召回率R和平均精度均值mAP_(50)分别达到了80.7%、73.1%和80.4%,相较于原始YOLOv5su分别提高了4.2、2.4和4.3个百分点。与YOLOv3-tiny、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv7和YOLOv8相比mAP_(50)分别高出了28.5、11.8、2.1和4.1个百分点。改进模型识别精度高,误检、漏检率低,检测速度满足实时检测的要求,可以为桃树缩叶病的实时监测和预警提供参考。

一种改进YOLOv5s的森林火灾烟雾检测算法

提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的森林火灾烟雾检测算法。构建包含16573幅图片的火焰烟雾数据集,解决训练数据不足的问题,提高训练模型的泛化能力。设计一种轻量化的GC-C3模块替换原有的C3模块,减少模型参数量和计算量;将加权双向特征金字塔网络结构融合到Neck结构中,增强网络对于中小目标的检测能力;修改网络空间金字塔池化结构,使用SimSPPF结构替换SPPF,提高了网络的计算效率和检测准确度;将边界框回归损失函数CIOU替换为Focal-EIOU,加快模型的收敛速度,解决正负样本不匹配的问题。实验结果表明:改进之后的网络平均检测准确度提高2.3%,模型参数数量下降46.7%,模型计算量下降47.5%。

无人水面艇轻型鱼雷武器应用研究

轻型鱼雷武器应用于无人水面艇,可实现无人水面艇对潜艇目标的“发现即打击”。根据无人水面艇平台和轻型鱼雷武器的特点,提出无人水面艇轻型鱼雷武器的典型配置,总结轻型鱼雷武器在无人水面艇上的典型应用。从无人自主控制、安全性分析设计、长时间运行可靠性、模块化与快速部署、作战能力迭代升级等方面,讨论无人水面艇轻型鱼雷武器应用所面临的问题,并对部分问题针对性地提出解决途径,并开展试验验证。研究成果可用于指导反潜型无人水面艇以及反潜任务载荷设计、实现以及使用。

Ultra-large aluminum shape casting:Opportunities and challenges

Ultra-large aluminum shape castings have been increasingly used in automotive vehicles,particularly in electric vehicles for light-weighting and vehicle manufacturing cost reduction.As most of them are structural components subject to both quasi-static,dynamic and cyclic loading,the quality and quantifiable performance of the ultra-large aluminum shape castings is critical to their success in both design and manufacturing.This paper briefly reviews some application examples of ultra-large aluminum castings in automotive industry and outlines their advantages and benefits.Factors affecting quality,microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-large aluminum castings are evaluated and discussed as aluminum shape casting processing is very complex and often involves many competing mechanisms,multi-physics phenomena,and potentially large uncertainties that significantly influence the casting quality and performance.Metallurgical analysis and mechanical property assessment of an ultra-large aluminum shape casting are presented.Challenges are highlighted and suggestions are made for robust design and manufacturing of ultra-large aluminum castings.

轻钢厂房全过程设计系统研发

轻钢厂房设计包括结构设计、施工图设计、加工图设计及围护面板设计等多个流程,当前各设计流程之间的数据流动并不顺畅。本研究设计了一套轻钢厂房全过程设计系统,消除了各设计流程间的数据流通障碍,符合传统设计流程,并避免了重复建模,提高了轻钢厂房设计效率。

刚性挡土墙后轻量土静止土压力特性模型试验研究

为了研究轻量土对挡土结构物的减压机理,通过开展大比尺刚性挡土墙模型试验,采用重物堆载的方式在填土表面施加均布荷载,分析重塑黄土和轻量土作为墙后填土时的静止土压力分布规律。结果表明:轻量土在养护阶段的静止土压力随着时间增长而逐渐增大,但增幅逐渐降低。重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力随着填土深度增加近似线性增大,并且静止土压力随着加载而逐渐增大,其中重塑黄土的增幅明显偏大。对比重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力,发现轻量土具有明显的减压作用,且填土表面均布荷载越大,轻量土的减压效果越好。重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力系数均不是常数,其中重塑黄土静止土压力系数为0.34~0.78,轻量土静止土压力系数为0.22~0.55。当填土表面作用均布荷载时,传统理论在计算重塑黄土静止土压力方面适用性较高,但轻量土计算误差较大。结合模型试验以及传统理论,提出了适用于轻量土的静止土压力修正公式,对比发现其相对误差总体上介于1.01%~23.13%。通过模型试验和理论计算揭示了轻量土的静止土压力特性,对于完善轻量土土压力理论具有重要意义。