Taste characteristic and the mechanism of light-colored Maillard reaction products derived from gluten hydrolysate

Light color and savory flavor are difficult to be integrated in‘Thermal Process Flavoring’through traditional Maillard reaction.A light-colored seasoning from gluten peptide-glucose system was prepared through gradient temperature-elevating Maillard reaction with extra-added L-cysteine.Greater saltiness and umami enhancement effect of Maillard reaction products(MRPs)were observed from weaker reaction,while lower temperature and longer heating time were conducive to yield kokumi-taste compounds.With the addition of L-cysteine,intensities of fluorescence and UV-VIS absorption of MRPs were weakened.An inhibition of browning and a decrease ofα-dicarbonyls concentration caused by L-cysteine were observed.The addition of L-cysteine also led to an increase of peptides below 500 Da(from 53.27 mg/mL to 56.50 mg/mL)and a decrease of cross-linking products in 1-3 kDa,which accounted for superior umami and gentle kokumi attribute of the light-colored products compared with the MRPs without L-cysteine addition.

Development and road performance of clear asphalt with high transparency and adhesion

Clear asphalt(CA)currently used in light-colored asphalt mixtures(LCAM)exhibits poor transparency and adhesion.Therefore,a highly transparent CA(HCA)modified using a silane coupling agent(KH550)was prepared.Furthermore,LCAM was prepared by mixing CA and limestone aggregates.The properties of the HCA and ordinary CA(OCA)were characterized using conventional asphalt tests,optical tests,pull-off tests,ultraviolet aging tests,dynamic shear rheometry,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and scanning electron microscopy.Whereas Marshall,moisture resistance,wheel tracking,trabecular bending,and British pendulum tests were employed for the LCAM.The transmittance and spectral reflectance of the HCA were 123.30 and 3.74 times greater than those of the OCA,respectively.The complex modulus and viscosity-aging index of the HCA were 48%and 53%less than those of the OCA,respectively.After modification with KH550,the Marshall stability ratio,tensile strength ratio,and flexural strain of the HCA-prepared LCAM increased by 12.92%,25.06%,and 23.90%,respectively.However,the rutting resistance of the HCA-prepared LCAM was 14.3%less than that of the OCA-prepared LCAM.The comprehensive performances of the HCA and HCA-prepared LCAM were 49.2%and 10.3%greater than those of the OCA and OCA-prepared LCAM,respectively,indicating a high application value in the future.