Light-guided tumor diagnosis and therapeutics:From nanoclusters to polyoxometalates

Malignant tumors,with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence,are a serious threat to health of mankind.It is urgent to develop promising clinical cancer targeted agents with combination of rapid diagnosis and efficient therapies.Compared with the conventional photosensitizing agents,the recent advances of nanoagents based on transition metal-oxide clusters possess unique structural and electronic properties,greatly improving cancer survival rate,meanwhile,keeping high contrast imaging.This review provides a brief introduction of metal-oxide clusters,including both nanoclusters to molecular clusters,specifically polyoxometalates(POMs).Subsequently,biocompatibility of metal-oxide clusters is emphasized from aspects of endocytosis,macropinocytosis,and phagocytosis.Through the classification of late and early transition metals oxide clusters,recent outcomes of light-guided nanoagents are represented with their intriguing chemical and optical properties in their diagnosing and photochemotherapy performance.It shed light on the summary of next generation multifunctional cancer targeting agents'developments as well as outlook of materials selection trends and research direction in the future.

Temperature‑Gated Light‑Guiding Hydrogel Fiber for Thermoregulation During Optogenetic Neuromodulation

With the rise of optogenetic manipulation of neurons,the effects of optogenetic heating on temperature-sensitive physi-ological processes,and the damage to surrounding tissues have been neglected.This manuscript reports the fabrication of a highly temperature-sensitive semi-interpenetrating optical hydrogel fiber(TSOHF)using the integrated dynamic wet-spinning technique.TSOHF exhibits a structural tunable diameter,clear core/sheath structure,tunable temperature-sensitivity,excellent light propagation property(0.35 dB cm^(-1),650 nm laser light),and good biocompatibility(including tissue-like Young’s modulus,stable dimensional stability,and low cytotoxicity).Based on these properties,a potential application of optogenetic regulation of neural tissue(hypoglossal nerve),with controllable temperature using TSOHF was designed and performed.Further,this work provides new insight into molecular design and a practical approach to continually manufacture a temperature-sensitive hydrogel optical fiber for applications in intelligent photomedicine.

Intermittent chaos for ergodic light trapping in a photonic fiber plate

Extracting the light trapped in a waveguide,or the opposite effect of trapping light in a thin region and guiding it perpendicular to its incident propagation direction,is essential for optimal energetic performance in illumination,display or light harvesting devices.Here we demonstrate that the paradoxical goal of letting as much light in or out while maintaining the wave effectively trapped can be achieved with a periodic array of interpenetrated fibers forming a photonic fiber plate.Photons entering perpendicular to that plate may be trapped in an intermittent chaotic trajectory,leading to an optically ergodic system.We fabricated such a photonic fiber plate and showed that for a solar cell incorporated on one of the plate surfaces,light absorption is greatly enhanced.Confirming this,we found the unexpected result that a more chaotic photon trajectory reduces the production of photon scattering entropy.