To the Lighthouse is one of Virginia Woolf’s masterpieces.It is also one of the most influential stream-of-consciousness novels in modernism. The focus of this article is to analyze the two main female characters,who...To the Lighthouse is one of Virginia Woolf’s masterpieces.It is also one of the most influential stream-of-consciousness novels in modernism. The focus of this article is to analyze the two main female characters,who are in a sense both artists,in it.展开更多
Traditionally, silence is regarded as an absence, inaction, emptiness, or inferiority, but it figures in Woolf's novels as a presence, power, creativity, and superiority, and infused with a new psychic and narrati...Traditionally, silence is regarded as an absence, inaction, emptiness, or inferiority, but it figures in Woolf's novels as a presence, power, creativity, and superiority, and infused with a new psychic and narrative life. The present paper will examine Woolf's expression of silence in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse to reveal the power of silence.展开更多
To the Lighthouse, a masterpiece of Virginia Woolf, is filled with various symbols which add special color to this novel.In this novel, the author puts new concept of novel writing to probe the deeper level of human p...To the Lighthouse, a masterpiece of Virginia Woolf, is filled with various symbols which add special color to this novel.In this novel, the author puts new concept of novel writing to probe the deeper level of human psychology. She uses symbolism to reveal the inner characteristic of the heroes. Through analyzing the symbolic traits of the main characters, this paper tries to re veal the author's exploration of the interior difference between men and women.展开更多
BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved det...BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical practice.AIM To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized patients.METHODS 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact controls.Participants were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)tests.The sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium identification.Combining tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.CONCLUSION Bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial ability can help to distinguish neurocognitive disorders,including delirium,from other presentations.The Lighthouse test and the LSD-4 are novel tests with high accuracy for detecting delirium.展开更多
As the "Mather of Modern Western Feminism",Virginia Woolf is an important female writer,critic and essayist.In To the Lighthouse,through the description of the female character Lily Briscoe,she illustrates w...As the "Mather of Modern Western Feminism",Virginia Woolf is an important female writer,critic and essayist.In To the Lighthouse,through the description of the female character Lily Briscoe,she illustrates woman's hardship and confusion during the course of pursuing being self and individual liberation at that time.This paper,from the viewpoint of feminism,gives an analysis of the process of Lily Briscoe's psychological change-from uncertainty to certainty.Then it points out that one way for women to struggle for their equality with men is to make peace with them.展开更多
The paper aims to make the abstract and even profound writing techniques of stream -of -consciousness concrete and easy -understanding as well as to demonstrate its functions in novel writing with illustration of the ...The paper aims to make the abstract and even profound writing techniques of stream -of -consciousness concrete and easy -understanding as well as to demonstrate its functions in novel writing with illustration of the famous work To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf who successfully employs this writing technique. The writing techniques involved are indirect interior monologue montage, free association and multiple -point -of view. The application of these approaches attributes greatly to better exposing t...展开更多
Inner reality is Virginia Woolf's pursuit in her novel writing.Impacted by post-impressionism,she reveals reality in visual but indefinable forms in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse.Rhythm as a dominant factor pr...Inner reality is Virginia Woolf's pursuit in her novel writing.Impacted by post-impressionism,she reveals reality in visual but indefinable forms in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse.Rhythm as a dominant factor prevails the whole story with significant influence on the characters.In a world of chaos,vision can be achieved and shape formed in the silence.展开更多
Virginia Woolf is represented as a forerunner writer of stream of consciousness. To the Lighthouse is her most wellknown biographical novel, which probes a story that whether the Ramsays can go to the lighthouse or no...Virginia Woolf is represented as a forerunner writer of stream of consciousness. To the Lighthouse is her most wellknown biographical novel, which probes a story that whether the Ramsays can go to the lighthouse or not. Mr Ramsay represents as a patriarchal image; Mrs Ramsay stands for a typical housewife. This essay delivers how housewifery and patriarchy presents in this novel and what the solution of Lily's choice under the framework of housewifery and patriarchy.展开更多
文摘To the Lighthouse is one of Virginia Woolf’s masterpieces.It is also one of the most influential stream-of-consciousness novels in modernism. The focus of this article is to analyze the two main female characters,who are in a sense both artists,in it.
文摘Traditionally, silence is regarded as an absence, inaction, emptiness, or inferiority, but it figures in Woolf's novels as a presence, power, creativity, and superiority, and infused with a new psychic and narrative life. The present paper will examine Woolf's expression of silence in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse to reveal the power of silence.
文摘To the Lighthouse, a masterpiece of Virginia Woolf, is filled with various symbols which add special color to this novel.In this novel, the author puts new concept of novel writing to probe the deeper level of human psychology. She uses symbolism to reveal the inner characteristic of the heroes. Through analyzing the symbolic traits of the main characters, this paper tries to re veal the author's exploration of the interior difference between men and women.
基金This work was supported by a research project grant from the Health Research Board(HRA 2011/48).
文摘BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical practice.AIM To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized patients.METHODS 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact controls.Participants were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)tests.The sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium identification.Combining tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.CONCLUSION Bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial ability can help to distinguish neurocognitive disorders,including delirium,from other presentations.The Lighthouse test and the LSD-4 are novel tests with high accuracy for detecting delirium.
文摘As the "Mather of Modern Western Feminism",Virginia Woolf is an important female writer,critic and essayist.In To the Lighthouse,through the description of the female character Lily Briscoe,she illustrates woman's hardship and confusion during the course of pursuing being self and individual liberation at that time.This paper,from the viewpoint of feminism,gives an analysis of the process of Lily Briscoe's psychological change-from uncertainty to certainty.Then it points out that one way for women to struggle for their equality with men is to make peace with them.
文摘The paper aims to make the abstract and even profound writing techniques of stream -of -consciousness concrete and easy -understanding as well as to demonstrate its functions in novel writing with illustration of the famous work To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf who successfully employs this writing technique. The writing techniques involved are indirect interior monologue montage, free association and multiple -point -of view. The application of these approaches attributes greatly to better exposing t...
文摘Inner reality is Virginia Woolf's pursuit in her novel writing.Impacted by post-impressionism,she reveals reality in visual but indefinable forms in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse.Rhythm as a dominant factor prevails the whole story with significant influence on the characters.In a world of chaos,vision can be achieved and shape formed in the silence.
文摘Virginia Woolf is represented as a forerunner writer of stream of consciousness. To the Lighthouse is her most wellknown biographical novel, which probes a story that whether the Ramsays can go to the lighthouse or not. Mr Ramsay represents as a patriarchal image; Mrs Ramsay stands for a typical housewife. This essay delivers how housewifery and patriarchy presents in this novel and what the solution of Lily's choice under the framework of housewifery and patriarchy.
