玛咖灵芝片缓解小鼠体力疲劳的研究

研究玛咖灵芝片对改善小鼠体力劳动过度的疲倦状态,增加体力和身体机能的作用.本次实验采用清洁级雄性ICR小鼠作为动物模型,以体重为划分依据随机分组,包括低、中、高剂量组和阴性对照组4组.其中低、中、高剂量组分别给予剂量为0.38、0.75、2.25 g/kg·bw的玛咖灵芝片药剂进行灌胃;阴性对照组为20 mL/kg·bw的蒸馏水灌胃.每天给药1次,共给药30 d.实验期间,小鼠每日进行负重游泳实验,与此同时,使用比色法对血清中尿素、肝糖原和血乳酸的含量进行检测.比色法检测结果显示,与阴性对照组相比较,玛咖灵芝片不同剂量组的小鼠负重游泳的时间明显延长(P<0.05).另外,玛咖灵芝片不同剂量组的小鼠负重游泳后,其血浆尿素浓度均明显低于阴性对照组(P<0.05),肝脏糖原含量均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),血乳酸浓度均显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05).玛咖灵芝片可通过提高肝糖原含量和阻止血乳酸堆积的方式有效改善小鼠体力劳动过度的疲倦状态,增加体力和身体机能.

MACA体系中循环浸出低品位氧化锌矿制备电解锌

以云南兰坪低品位氧化锌矿及其循环浸出渣的浮选精矿为原料,常温常压下在MACA(金属氨络合物)体系中进行循环浸出。浸出液先净化除砷和锑、再两段锌粉逆流置换深度净化,两次净化后液电积制取电解锌。考察工艺中循环浸出率、净化率、物质平衡以及电解锌质量和电耗等技术经济指标。结果表明:先用MACA法处理原矿粉,再浮选硫化锌的选冶结合流程是合适的兰坪低品位氧化锌矿的处理方案,原矿锌的平均浸出率为70.48%,其氨可溶锌浸出率达到89.14%,浮选精矿锌的浸出率为79.75%,杂质元素的净化率达到95%,电解锌纯度达到99.98%,电流效率可达97.02%。

低品位氧化锌矿在MACA体系中的循环浸出

研究Me(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O(MACA)体系处理兰坪低品位氧化锌矿的浸出过程,提出用循环浸出方法富集浸出液中锌浓度的工艺技术方案。结果表明:循环浸出的优化条件为液固比4:1、常温、搅拌速度300 r/min、浸出时间3 h;通过循环次数分别为14、15及10的3个阶段的循环浸出试验,获得渣计锌浸出率≥69%、浸出液锌浓度≥33 g/L的较好结果。该工艺具有流程简短、能耗低、净化容易、环境友好等优点,对低品位高碱性脉石难选氧化锌矿的开发利用具有重要意义。

采用功率控制的自组织网MACA协议

在MACA协议的基础上 ,将功率控制引入到该协议中 ,并给出了协议的规则。数学分析表明 ,采用功率控制后 ,网络信道利用率得到较大提高。

玛咖(Maca)干品营养成分分析与比较

目的与传统作物相比,观察秘鲁安第斯山区特有作物玛咖(Maca)的营养价值。方法采用国标方法或AOAC方法测定Maca干品中的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸、糖类、11种矿物质、12种维生素等营养成分,并和马铃薯、甘薯、胡萝卜、小麦、稻米等营养素含量进行比较。结果在矫正水分含量后,Maca的蛋白质、矿物质、多种维生素含量丰富,在许多方面高于马铃薯、甘薯等根茎类作物。结论Maca具有较高的营养价值,是可以进一步引种和开发的薯类资源。

一种基于MACA的自适应跟踪算法

针对视频序列图像目标跟踪中经常因场景复杂、目标颜色多样以及目标发生旋转、遮挡和速率变化时丢失目标问题,提出了一种多模式自适应CamShift算法(MACA).通过将Cam-Shift算法对H分量敏感的特性推广到S、V分量,构造了凸函数组合模型,利用多目标规划最优求解法获取自适应颜色识别最佳组合解,配合倾角识别和基于IIR滤波的目标运动状态信息预测跟踪技术,取得了理想的跟踪效果.将MACA算法应用于自适应实时跟踪系统进行验证性实验表明,该算法具有良好的实时性和鲁棒性.

玛卡种植对云南会泽越冬斑头雁栖息地利用和选择的影响

玛卡(Lepidium meyenii)作为一种滋补药材在2012年引入我国西南地区,随后种植面积不断扩大,在2018年前后因市场价格回落,其种植规模迅速萎缩。云南会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区念湖片区是斑头雁(Anser indicus)的重要越冬地,也是玛卡的主要产区之一,玛卡种植面积的剧烈变化也为研究农田候鸟对农耕环境的适应性提供了契机。于2015—2020年在使用卫星跟踪技术在会泽保护区对8只越冬斑头雁进行了长时跟踪,在个体水平上比较了玛卡种植期(2015—2018年)和传统作物种植期(2019—2021年)越冬斑头雁栖息地利用和选择的差异,结果表明:(1)在两个时期,斑头雁的栖息地利用模式发生了剧烈改变。在玛卡种植期斑头雁主要利用沼泽(71.29±3.54)%,其次为耕地(18.12±2.90)%和深水水域(10.59±5.97)%,而在传统作物种植期,主要的利用类型则转变为耕地(74.44±4.84)%,其次为沼泽(12.53±6.97)%和深水水域(12.25±2.44)%。(2)对于同一只斑头雁个体,在不同越冬年份,其栖息地利用模式较稳定。A5号斑头雁在2019年和2020年越冬季均表现为对耕地利用率较高,分别为76.95%和80.41%;A6号斑头雁在2019、2020和2021年越冬时,均偏好利用耕地,利用率分别为76.52%、80.61%和75.74%。(3)在栖息地选择方面,斑头雁对9个环境因子均具有选择性。根据随机森林模型评估结果,最重要的因子均为距夜栖地距离,表明斑头雁对夜栖水环境的依赖性。在其它因子上,两个时期则表现出一定的差异性。在玛卡种植期,斑头雁栖息地选择模式中各类因子的优先顺序为夜栖地>主要觅食地>回避类栖息地>人为干扰因子;在传统作物种植期则为夜栖地>回避类栖息地>人为干扰因子>主要觅食地。综合来看,玛卡种植会对斑头雁产生不利影响,不仅会直接减少斑头雁的优质栖息地面积,而且会直接改变斑头雁栖息地利用和选择模式。建议在保护区内或周边区域实施大规模农业耕种模式调整时,应充分考虑农田鸟类的栖息地需求,进行科学管理。

Present Situation and Promoting Strategies of Maca Industry in Yunnan

Maca is an important health-care product. Recently, maca industry devel- ops fast in Yunnan Province, but still falls behind of foreign industries, due to dis- advantages of being late starter and poor economy. In the research, maca industry development was analyzed in terms of production bases, processing enterprises, dis- tribution in dominant areas, planting and processing technology system, and eco- nomic benefits, and the restriction factors were explored. Finally, some measures were proposed, including reinforcement of organization and leading roles in a macroscopic way, giving supports to financial investment, broadening financing chan- nels, speeding up construction of raw material production bases, improving modern science and technology development, establishing technology support system, culti- vating leading enterprises, building marketing system, and supervision on product eualitv.

油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片的制备及槲皮素和山奈酚的含量测定

目的:探究油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片的制备工艺及槲皮素和山奈酚含量测定的方法。方法:通过湿法制粒工艺,制备油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片中槲皮素和山奈酚的含量进行测定,色谱柱为ODS-C_(18)柱,流动相为甲醇-水,进行等度洗脱,体积流量为1.0 mL/min;柱温为35℃,检测波长为370 nm,进样量为5μL。结果:油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片的制备工艺为油菜花粉∶玛咖提取物粉末∶填充剂=1∶1∶2,填充剂(微晶纤维素:木糖醇:乳糖=6∶4∶3)。所得咀嚼片表面光洁、甜度适中且质量稳定可控。槲皮素和山奈酚的线性范围分别为2.29~45.83μg/mL、3.75~75μg/mL,相关系数(r)分别为0.9996和0.9992;平均加样回收率分别为99.79%和101.02%,RSD分别为3.33%和2.56%。结论:油菜花粉玛咖咀嚼片制备工艺稳定可行,槲皮素和山奈酚含量测定方法准确可靠,可用于该咀嚼片的质量控制。

玛咖黑芥子酶的酶学性质及加工稳定性

新鲜玛咖块茎中的黑芥子酶经提取、透析、凝胶过滤层析纯化后,对其酶学性质、酶动力学参数以及干燥加工前、后玛咖中的黑芥子酶酶活力及其酶解产物异硫氰酸苄酯(BITC)的变化进行研究。凝胶渗透色谱测得纯化后的玛咖黑芥子酶的分子质量为190.9 ku。酶学性质研究结果显示:该酶的最适温度40℃,最适pH 7.0,金属离子Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Ba^(2+)对其有显著的抑制作用。采用Lineweaver-Burk法测得玛咖黑芥子酶的动力学参数Vmax=0.2383(μmol/L)/min,Km=0.1425 mmol/L。玛咖鲜果中的黑芥子酶酶活力为0.7256 U/g,BITC含量为3.3190 mg/g。将玛咖鲜果样品切片后分别在温度为50,60,70,80℃下干燥处理,结果显示:随着干燥温度的上升,玛咖干片样品中的黑芥子酶酶活力显著下降,BITC含量呈下降趋势。本研究完善了玛咖黑芥子酶的理论研究,并提出采用60℃以上温度对玛咖进行干燥处理可有效抑制黑芥子酶酶活力,为玛咖的加工利用提供了参考。

新外来中药玛咖对甲状腺功能调节作用和安全性实验研究

目的:探究新外来中药玛咖对正常大鼠和甲状腺肿大鼠甲状腺功能的调节作用,并观察其安全性。方法:采用Wistar雌性大鼠探究玛咖对甲状腺肿大鼠甲状腺功能调节作用和安全性,随机数字表法随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性药组、玛咖高剂量组、玛咖低剂量组。通过灌胃丙硫氧嘧啶(PTU)4周复制甲状腺肿模型,同时阳性药组,玛咖高、低剂量组分别给予相应药物。观察各组大鼠甲状腺组织病理形态,甲状腺系数,甲状腺激素合成、调控等相关指标;观察大鼠肝、肾组织形态和肝肾功能相关指标。采用Wistar雌性大鼠探究玛咖对正常大鼠甲状腺功能的调节作用,随机分为对照组和4个不同剂量的玛咖组。除对照组外,其余4组分别给予相应药物。统计甲状腺系数,测定大鼠甲状腺激素合成、调控等相关指标。结果:与模型组比较,玛咖组大鼠的体质量升高(P<0.05),T_(3)、T_(4)、FT_(3)、FT_(4)、TRH、Tg、TPO、TSHR水平升高(P<0.05),TSH水平降低(P<0.05),GLB水平升高(P<0.05),TP、ALB水平以及A/G降低(P<0.05),GPT、GOT、Urea和Cr差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),甲状腺系数、甲状腺和肝肾组织形态无明显差异。玛咖对正常大鼠体质量、甲状腺系数、T_(3)、T_(4)、FT_(3)、FT_(4)、TSH、TRH、Tg、TPO和TSHR水平无影响(P>0.05)。结论:玛咖对甲状腺肿异常状态的甲状腺功能减退具有一定的治疗作用,对正常大鼠的甲状腺功能没有不良影响,且未发现玛咖对甲状腺肿大鼠的安全性问题。

Optimization of the Formula of Maca Lozenges by Orthogonal Test

The orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the formula of maca lozenge and explore the preparation techniques and product property of maca lozenges. With the sensory evaluation of maca lozenge as the indicator, L16 （44） orthogonal design graph was used to select the optimal techniques, and to investigate the stability, heavy metals and microorganisms contents in the tablets. The optimal formula was 80% of maca power, 12% of Rhodiola rosea powder, and 6% of Angelica sinensis powder, where the comprehensive sensory index reached 246. Moreover, under the optimal conditions, various kinds of heavy metals contents were in consistent with the GB164740 standards, and there was no significant change in color, size, friability, and disintegration time, as well as microorganism content during the 12-month preservation. With simple, easy and reliable technique and quality control method, the process study had obtained the national patent process （patent number： ZL200810233796.X）, and the contents of heavy metals and micr6organisms laid foundation for the quality standard.

Property of Dual-purposed Maca Powder as Medicine and Food

[Objective] The aim was to research property of maca and three plants＇ powders and process parameters of compound maca direct compression. [Method] Based on analysis data from SAS, bulk density, tap density, angle of repose and swelling of powders were studied as per single factor method and orthogonal exper- imental design. [Result] The test indicated that fillibilities of plant A and B, and maca powders are better and flowability plays an important role in fractional close of compound maca powder; plant A and B powders have a significant effect on bulk density of maca （P=0.0125）, an extremely significant effect on swelling volume ratio （P=0.008 9） and little effect on tap density （g/ml）; the optimal process condition of compound maca powder is as follows： A at 0.15 share; B at 0.10 share; C at 0.05 share; the optimal swelling volume ratio is at 2.459. [Conclusion] The technology is reasonable in formulation and satisfactory in fillibility, swelling ability, flowability, and it could serve as theoretical basis for the industrial production of maca tablets.

Nutritional Compositions of Maca Grown in Ebian and HPLC Fingerprints of Macaene and Macamide

In the present study, the nutritional compositions of maca which was grown in a mountain area at an elevation of 2 200-2 800 m of Ebian County,Sichuan Province were measured, and then HPLC analysis on two representative active compounds（macaene and macamide） in the maca sample was performed.The results revealed that there were 24.20% total protein, 18.40% total amino acids（including 3.84% arginine）, 42.80% total sugars, 1.36% fat and kinds of minerals（including 1.14% potassium） in Ebian maca. HPLC fingerprints of macaene and macamide of Ebian maca were similar to those of Peru maca. The results suggested that maca could be cultivated with good quality in some mountain areas with an altitude1 000 m lower than the origin place in Peru.

Effects of Seed Reservation-oriented Cultivation on Seed Quality and Disease and Insect Damages of Maca

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of cultivation and seed reservation methods on quality and disease/insect damages of maca seed in cold highland areas,providing scientific references for cultivation and seed reservation and planning of maca vareity.[Method] Yellow,purple and black maca were selected and cultivated in the region with an elevation of 3 000 m to be experimental materials and cultivation and seed reservation methods were as follows：maca seed reservation in situ,seed reservation in original soils maca grown after selection of maca balls,and seed reservation in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m after selection of maca ball,seed reservation in greenhouses in the region with an elevation of 2 400 m after selection of maca ball,and growing selected balls in greenhouses and transplanting to the farmlands with an elevation of 2 400 m.[Result] The cultivation and seed reservation methods had significant or extremely significant effects on maca phenological phase;maca in different colors were treated by different cultivation and seed reservation methods,showing insignificant effects on disease and insect damages.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that the selected maca balls stored for 15 d as per the method grown in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m will improve seed quality and reduce disease or insect damages.

基于MACA算法的运动目标自适应跟踪

通过对传统Camshift算法的研究,提出了一种多模式自适应CamShift算法(MACA).将CamShift算法对H分量敏感的特性推广到S、V分量,构造了凸函数组合模型,利用多目标规划最优求解法获取自适应颜色识别最佳组合解,配合倾角识别和基于ⅡR滤波的目标运动状态信息预测跟踪技术,取得了复杂场景下多色度目标发生旋转、遮挡和速率变化时都能精确跟踪的效果;最后用MACA算法设计了一套自适应实时跟踪系统.经大量实验证明,本算法鲁棒性强、实时性好,系统自动化程度高.

基于MACA的模式分类方法研究

通过对一维元胞自动机的结构以及转移规则的特性研究,总结出一类特殊的多吸引子元胞自动机MACA,通过对2-状态-3-邻居的线性元胞自动机LCA的不同元胞单元使用逻辑异或XOR规则,使得状态转移图STD中的某些状态节点带有自循环圈,即称为吸引子.通过对吸引子的伪穷举域PEF的研究,从而可以实现模式的分类问题.这一分类理论可以应用于数据挖掘、图像压缩以及电路检测等应用领域,具有较好的分类性能以及较高的分类准确性.

Effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia

Aim： To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods： Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate （TE）. The study comprised six groups： one control group （group 1）, one group treated with TE （group 2）, two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca （groups 3 and 4）, one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca （group 5） and one group treated with finasteride （0.1 mg, group 6）. Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a doseresponse effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates （0.02-0.08 mg） in red maca extracts was assessed. Results： Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. Conclusion： The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.

水声网络中Aloha协议与MACA协议的比较分析

浅海水声信道的快衰落、长延时使水声网络媒介访问控制(MAC)层协议的性能受到了较大的负面影响。为了能更好地将无线传感器网络的MAC协议适用于水声网络,本文着重对Aloha协议和冲突避免多址接入(MACA)协议进行改进分析,借助通信网络仿真工具OPNET,比较两者在吞吐量、时延、能量损耗和分组丢失率4方面的性能结果。仿真结果表明:与Aloha协议相比,MACA协议能更好地提高性能,有利于在水声网络中使用。

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) reduces spermatogenic damage induced by a single dose of malathion in mice

Aim: To observe the effect of the aqueous extract of hypocotyls of the plant Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on spermato-genic damage induced by the organophosphate insecticide malathion in mice. Methods: Mice were treated with 80 mg kg^(-1) of malathion in the presence or absence of an aqueous extract of Maca, which was orally administered 7, 14 or 21 days after injection of the malathion. Stages of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by transillumination on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Results: The administration of Maca increased significantly the length of stage 鈪?on days 7, 14 and 21 of treatment compared with the controls. An increase in the length of stage 鈪?occurred on day 14 of treatment. Malathion affected spermatogenesis by reducing the lengths of stage 鈪?on day 7, stages 鈪?and 鈪?鈪?on day 14 and a recovery of stages 鈪?鈪?on day 21. The magnitude of alteration in the length of stage 鈪?produced by malathion was significantly reduced by Maca on days 7 and 14. The length of stage 鈪?was increased when Maca was administered to mice treated with malathion. Assessment of the relative length of stages of the seminiferous epithelium showed that Maca treatment resulted in rapid recovery of the effect of malathion. Conclusion: Maca enhances spermatogenesis following spermatogenic damage caused by the organophosphorous pesticide.