Analysis of Climatic Conditions for the Growth of Longhui Lilium brownii var.viridulum

Based on temperature,precipitation and sunshine data at Longhui National Station during 1981-2021,temperature at 22 regional stations during 2011-2021,and lily planting information of Longya Lily Base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of Lilium brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that in general,the climatic conditions in Longhui were suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.Among them,the south hilly area was the most suitable climate area,and the north mountain area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountain area was the more suitable climate area.It should sufficiently use the climatic conditions of Longhui,do a good job in meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum,and provide favorable meteorological guarantee for farmers,to reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production.

The Study on Induction and Proliferation of Tube Bulbs in Lilium brownii

With different parts of bulb scale as explants, the proliferation method of Guizhou Lilium brownii were studied with 3% sodium hypochlorite and MS medium with different concentrations of hormones. The results show that it is feasible to disinfect the bulbs of Lilium brownii with 3% sodium hypoehlorite, moreover, the sodium hypochlorite is very cheap and harmless to researchers, experimental materials and environment. MS ＋ NAA 0.3 mg/L ＋ 6-BA 1.5 mg/L is optimum for the induction of bulbs and, the basal part of Lilium brownie is the optimum explants. After culture for 25 d on the same medium, the tube bulbs could be obtained with the characteristics of high propagation coefficient, strong and new roots. The survival rate is over 90% for transplantation of tube bulbs with diameter between 1-2cm. The method developed in the present study can proliferate abundant Lilium brownii seedling in short time.

Analysis of Protein and Isoenzyme of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic Hybrids and Their Hybrid F_1

[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their filial generations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.[Result]The protein spectrum of filial generation with L.davidii var.unicolor as parent not only appeared the homologous band as parent with darker coloring,but also had new bands compared with parent.Peroxidase zymogram of hybrid F1 mainly displayed incomplete complementary and hybrid type of parent.[Conclusion]Protein spectrum and peroxidase zymogram could be used as the biochemical markers for the identification of hybrids of lily,which could also detect the target traits of plant.

γ-射线和秋水仙素对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.Willmottiae)体细胞诱变的效应

本文报道了γ-射线和秋水仙素对百合体细胞诱变后的生物学效应和形态变异,并为诱变处理提供较适宜的剂量和浓度。结果指出,诱发幼苗有利变异的有效处理组合是剂量为200—400伦(剂量率100伦╱分)的γ-射线和浓度为2.0mg/l的秋水仙素。试管苗叶色、叶宽,叶长、鳞茎大小、根量和生长势等性状表现变异,在组培条件下这些变异能保持稳定,田间鉴定正在进行中。

Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.

Physiology Mechanism of Metabolisms in the Middle Scales of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Bulbs Stored at Low Temperature for Dormancy-Release

Changes in carbohydrate, phenols, free amino acids and endogenous hormones in middle scales of Lilium davidii var.unicolor bulbs during the 101 days storage at 2, 6 and 10°C in moist sawdust were studied. The results indicated that asthe storage time increased and the storage temperature delined, contents of starch and abscisic acid (ABA) decreasedmarkedly, and the level of total soluble sugar, phenols, gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole acetic acid (IAA) increasedsharply. In the first 34 days, the contents of the above substances changed most actively. Correlation analysis revealedthat the increase in content of total soluble sugar and phenols was respectively caused by activation of amylase andphenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). During the storage, the content of free amino acids decreased, and the level ofarginine was the highest and changed most remarkably. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis and pathanalysis, we could primarily conclude that the metabolism of carbohydrates, phenols and free amino acids in the middlescales may be mainly regulated by endogenous GA3.

Effect of slow-release iron fertilizer on iron-deficiency chlorosis, yield and quality of Lilium davidii var.unicolor in a two-year field experiment

Iron deficiency chlorosis of Lilium davidii var. unicolor is often the case in practice in alkaline soils of northwest region of China. It is difficult to control iron chlorosis because of high cost and short effective work time of conventional iron fertilizers. In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two slow-release fertilizers on the suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis, soil chemical properties, and the yield and quality of L. davidii var. unicolor. Results show that both coated slow-release iron fertilizers and embedded slow-release iron fertilizer effectively controlled iron-deficiency chlorosis. The application of slow-release iron fertilizers significantly increased plant height and chlorophyll content of L. davidii var. unicolor at different growth stages. Furthermore, coated iron fertilizer application significantly increased starch, protein, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of L. davidii var. unicolor, and it also significantly improved total amino acid content, with increases in essential amino acids(Trp, Leu, Lys, Phe, Val, and Thr contents) and in nonessential amino acids(Asp, Glu, Cit, Ihs, Acc, Ala, Pro, and Cys contents). It was concluded that application of coated slow-release iron fertilizer could be a promising option for suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis and deserves further study.

兰州百合鳞茎花青素合成相关MYB与bHLH转录因子的筛选分析

百合鳞茎在采后贮藏过程中,由于花青素的积累导致鳞茎变紫红色,进而影响其价值。该文基于兰州百合鳞茎转录组数据,利用生物信息学技术分析花青素相关转录因子,共分析了50个MYB转录因子与73个bHLH转录因子,包括序列的比对、理化性质分析、亚细胞定位、系统进化关系以及保守结构域预测。MYB分类结果显示,50个MYB转录因子中有2个属于1R-MYB类,44个属于R2R3-MYB类,3个属于3R-MYB类,1个属于4R-MYB类。50个MYB不稳定蛋白均为亲水性蛋白,亚细胞定位表明48个MYB定位于细胞核。73个bHLH均为不稳定蛋白,且72个都为亲水性,亚细胞定位显示58个bHLH定位于细胞核。通过与模式植物拟南芥MYB和bHLH转录因子构建进化树分析、保守结构域预测、基因表达量分析以及转录因子与结构基因的相关性分析,初步筛选出3个MYB基因和1个bHLH基因可促进兰州百合鳞茎花青素合成,为进一步深入研究兰州百合鳞茎花青素调控基因提供了理论支持。

Molecular cloning,characterization and promoter analysis of LbgCWIN1 and its expression profiles in response to exogenous sucrose during in vitro bulblet initiation in lily

Lily(Lilium spp.) is an important ornamental flower, which is mainly propagated by bulbs. Cell wall invertases(CWINs), which catalyze the irreversibly conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular space, are key enzymes participating in sucrose allocation in higher plants. Previous studies have shown that CWINs play an essential role in bulblet initiation process in bulbous crops, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, a CWIN gene of Lilium brownii var. giganteum(Lbg) was identified and amplified from genomic DNA. Quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that the expression level of LbgCWIN1 was highly upregulated exactly when the endogenous starch degraded in non-sucrose medium during in vitro bulblet initiation in Lbg. Phylogenetic relationship, motif, and domain analysis of LbgCWIN1 protein and CWINs in other plant species showed that all sequences of these CWIN proteins were highly conserved. The promoter sequence of LbgCWIN1 possessed a number of alpha-amylase-, phytohormone-, light-and stress-responsive cis-elements. Meanwhile, β-glucuronidase(GUS) assay showed that the 459 bp upstream fragment from the translational start site displayed maximal promoter activity. These results revealed that LbgCWIN1 might function in the process of in vitro bulblet initiation and be in the response to degradation of endogenous starch.

龙牙百合褐斑病病原的鉴定、生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

为明确龙牙百合褐斑病病原,采集龙牙百合褐斑病典型症状的叶片,进行病原物分离、纯化和致病性测定,结合病原菌形态学观察及其rDNA-ITS、gapdh、tef1、RPB2和Alt a1等基因的序列分析,确定引起龙牙百合褐斑病的病原菌为枝状链格孢Alternaria arborescens。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了光照、温度、pH值、碳源、氮源和不同培养基等处理对该病原菌生长的影响,并测定了病原菌对7种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,最适合菌丝生长的条件为温度25℃,pH值5.0,碳源为蔗糖,氮源为牛肉浸膏,培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基;菌落致死温度为50℃。在7种参试药剂中,木霉菌抑制作用最强,其半数效应浓度(EC_(50))和90%效应浓度(EC_(90))值最低,分别是8.758×10^(-5)和0.198 mg·L^(-1);噁唑菌酮代森锰锌的毒力最低,EC_(50)和EC_(90)值分别为13.713和816.937 mg·L^(-1)。本研究结果为龙牙百合褐斑病菌的精准防控提供了理论依据。

百合多糖提取工艺优化及吸湿保湿性能研究

以百合多糖得率为评价指标,以料液比、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化了百合多糖的提取工艺,并研究了其吸湿保湿性能。结果表明,最优提取工艺为:料液比1∶50(g∶mL)、提取时间3 h、提取次数3次,在此条件下,百合多糖得率为12.69%;在相对湿度43%、81%下,百合多糖的吸湿过程均符合Weber-Morris模型;在干燥硅胶环境下,百合多糖48 h保湿率为9.21%,具有一定的保湿效果。

土壤镉对龙牙百合生长过程中生理生化特性的影响

为探究土壤不同含量Cd对龙牙百合生长及其生理生化指标的影响,设置对照(无Cd)、低(0.86 mg·kg^(-1))、中(2.16 mg·kg^(-1))、高(4.76 mg·kg^(-1))Cd含量的盆栽实验进行研究。结果表明:随着土壤Cd含量的增加,龙牙百合植株的生长量和叶片中叶绿素含量呈上升趋势;龙牙百合各部位Cd含量分布为下盘根>叶>地上茎>地下茎>上盘根>鳞茎,各处理下鳞茎Cd含量最低,最安全。在中浓度Cd处理下,百合下盘根的富集能力大于上盘根。土壤Cd浓度增加显著提高了龙牙百合鳞茎向地下茎的转移系数(P<0.05)。百合叶、地上茎、鳞茎和下盘根的丙二醛含量在高浓度Cd处理下分别显著提高了11.72%、11.31%、133.72%和79.37%(P<0.05),而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性整体随Cd含量升高呈先上升后下降趋势。研究表明,龙牙百合有较强的耐Cd能力。

栽培模式对龙牙百合种植地土壤微生物多样性的影响

为了降低龙牙百合栽培过程中农药的使用量,提高龙牙百合的产量和品质,设置空白地、地膜覆盖+一次性施肥种植模式(PM+OTF)与传统露地栽培模式(OFC)3个处理,对不同处理土壤中的细菌、真菌多样性进行比较,分析种植模式的改变对龙牙百合地下部生长微生物环境的影响。结果表明,PM+OTF模式的土壤真菌群落丰富度较OFC模式低,但群落多样性不存在显著差异;2种栽培模式土壤的细菌丰富度及多样性不存在显著差异。PCA主成分分析表明,PM+OTF模式的土壤微生物群落结构组成更接近空白地。土壤真菌与细菌群落组成分析显示,2种栽培模式在门水平上的微生物多样性不存在显著性差异;但细菌的被孢霉属(Aquisphaera)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、嗜酸栖热菌属(Acidothermus)等存在显著差异(P<0.05),真菌的珊瑚菌属(Clavaria)、踝节菌属(Talaromyces)、莫蒂埃菌属(Mortierella)、绿核菌属(Ustilaginoidea)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、青霉属(Penicillium)等存在显著差异(P<0.05)。从产量来看,与OFC模式相比,PM+OTF模式增产10.5%,优品率提高31.9%,叶面病害显著降低。综合分析,地膜覆盖+一次性施肥种植模式具有控制和减轻龙牙百合病害发生的潜力。

生长素对百合呈色合成调控的研究

生长素作为植物生长调节激素,具有参与花色合成的功能.本研究通过对百合鳞片喷施不同浓度生长素及其抑制剂,发现抑制剂处理后提前呈色,而200 mg/L IAA处理花青素苷含量最高,300 mg/L IAA花青素苷含量最低.并利用实时荧光定量技术(Real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)对花青素苷合成和调控相关基因的表达进行检测,发现抑制剂NPA和TIBA处理后相关基因的表达均表现为显著上调.通过对生长素调控百合鳞片花青素苷合成的研究,初步探究生长素对百合呈色合成的调控作用,以期丰富激素对单子叶植物百合的呈色调控网络.

李果烈应用百合乌药药对临床经验

总结李果烈教授应用百合乌药药对辨治疾病的经验。临床中,李老既传承经典,应用百合乌药药对辨治肝胃不和之胃疾,又开拓创新,秉承异病同治的中医思想,基于脏腑病机理论,将百合乌药药对灵活应用于中晚期帕金森病、糖尿病肾病、抑郁症的临床治疗中,屡获良效。附验案2则。

龙牙百合鳞茎生长点石蜡切片技术改良研究

为了准确观测龙牙百合鳞茎生长点的生长分化过程,以龙牙百合冷藏期间的鳞茎为试验材料,在传统石蜡制片法的基础上,对脱水、透明等步骤进行优化并筛选了最佳的甲苯胺蓝染色方法。试验获得的百合鳞茎生长点石蜡切片制作改良方法为:将百合鳞茎剥开鳞片至可观察到茎尖生长点,修整为5mm大小的立方体投入FAA固定液中,保存一周;用85%乙醇(2 h)、95%乙醇(2h)、100%乙醇(3h)进行脱水处理,再用二甲苯与乙醇等比例溶液(2h)、纯二甲苯(3h)进行透明处理;将透明好的材料放入石蜡+二甲苯溶液(体积比2∶3)中,在37℃的恒温箱中浸蜡2d,期间多次少量加入石蜡;之后在60℃恒温箱更换纯石蜡2次,每次4 h,浸蜡后的材料在60℃的操作台上包埋,再切成厚10μm的薄片,待蜡片完全伸展,将蜡片粘于均匀涂抹了赫伯特粘片剂的载玻片上,37℃烤片5h,脱蜡复水后用1%甲苯胺蓝染液稀释150倍染色3min。

离子色谱法测定中药材百合中的二氧化硫残留量

目的:建立离子色谱/电导检测法测定百合中二氧化硫残留量的分析方法。方法:试样经酸蒸馏提取,离子色谱法测定硫酸根离子含量。选用IonPac AS19阴离子交换分离柱,在线产生40mmol/L KOH淋洗液等度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,以抑制型电导检测器检测。结果:在0.0μg/mL~200.0μg/mL浓度范围内,线性关系良好,检出限为2.26mg/kg,定量限为7.53mg/kg,回收率为91.52%~98.65%(RSD值为0.89%~1.54%),精密度为0.40%~0.57%。结论:该方法操作简便、批量处理时间短、定性定量准确、灵敏度高,适合百合中二氧化硫残留量的检测。

山丹丹新品种‘延丹1号’的选育

以山丹丹和兰州百合为亲本,培育山丹丹新品种。通过建立山丹丹和兰州百合无性系,诱导愈伤组织。经过原生质体电融合,细胞培养再分化获得的变异植株。通过籽球培养,室内春化、室外栽培等确定变异植株性状。变异植株为无性繁殖,植株长势强壮;花色为橘红色,鳞片环抱紧密,抗旱、抗寒性强,耐贫瘠,无明显病虫害。通过在延安市宝塔区、子长市高柏山、宜川县集义镇连续3年以上测试,发现品种稳定性好、异株率低、复花能力强。经过简化基因组分析‘延丹1号’含有山丹丹和兰州百合的基因,确定通过细胞融合培育获得了山丹丹新品种。

百合分子生物学研究进展

为深入研究百合的分子调控机制,实现百合性状的定向改良和促进百合产业的发展,以中国知网(CNKI)收录论文为主要对象,采用文献综述法,探索了百合种质资源研究的发展现状、研究热点和发展趋势。结果表明:百合种质资源丰富,研究者采用随机扩增多态DNA技术、RAPD技术、ISSR技术、SRAP标记引物等多种技术对百合品种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行分析,并鉴定了百合的新品种;利用基因克隆技术从百合品种中分离出WRKY、MYB、AGL、NAC等家族基因,但大多数研究还停留在基因分离和表达分析上,关于基因功能的研究尚少。百合具有极高的观赏价值和市场经济价值,未来还需挖掘百合功能相关的关键基因,定向培育更多观赏性更高和抗逆性更强的百合新品种。

龙牙百合大叶种组织培养再生体系研究

为了保护和繁殖地方百合优势变种,以龙牙百合大叶种的鳞片为研究对象,采用植物组织培养技术,研究外植体不同取材部位和HgCl2处理时间的灭菌效果以及不定芽诱导培养、不定芽增殖培养、小鳞茎生根培养的适宜培养基,探讨并建立植株再生体系。结果表明:龙牙百合大叶种进行组织培养时,外植体取材以鳞茎中层鳞片为宜,适宜的灭菌方法为75%乙醇浸泡30 s+30%NaClO处理10 min+0.1%HgCl2浸泡12 min,污染率为12.83%,成活率为85.50%;不定芽诱导适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L时,诱导率为81.17%,分化系数为6.34;不定芽增殖适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,增殖系数为6.11;小鳞茎生根适宜培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根数为11.3条,生根率达到100.00%。