Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.

Isolation of LiLFY1 and Its Expression in Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)

LFY family genes play a conserved role in regulating flowering. In this study, the cDNA of LiLFY1 was isolated with the strategy of RT-PCR in combination with RACE from lily （Lilium longiflorum Thunb.）. LiLFY1 encodes a LFY transcriptional factor. The alignment analysis of the deduced LiLFY1 protein with other known LFY family proteins indicates that LiLFY1 is highly homologous with rice RFL and maize FLL. The result of Southern hybridization showed that there are two copies of LFY family genes in lily. LiLFY1 is expressed in young flower buds and shoot apical meristem （SAM） but not in roots, shoots, mature leaves, and mature floral organs. The cloned LiLFY1 gene may be applied to genetic engineering aiming for regulating the flowering time in lily.

百合育种技术研究进展

百合(Lilium spp.)是多年生球根草本植物,包括观赏、食用和药用百合,具有较高的经济价值。百合遗传背景复杂、杂合度高、远缘杂交不亲和,且传统杂交育种周期长、育种精度低,难以快速高效地培育目标品种。目前,包括现代杂交育种、诱变育种、倍性育种、体细胞杂交育种和基因工程育种在内的现代育种技术均已在百合中应用。本文总结了百合杂交育种中远缘杂交不亲和的克服方法,诱变育种中的诱变条件,倍性育种中多倍体育种和单倍体育种主要采取的技术手段,体细胞杂交育种原生质体分离纯化和杂交的条件以及基因工程育种中百合遗传转化体系和基因编辑体系的研究进展。在此基础上,列举了不同百合育种方法和技术的研究案例,分析了不同育种技术面临的问题,并展望了百合育种技术的进一步发展和应用前景,旨在为未来百合育种技术及其应用的研究提供有价值的参考,并为更多百合新品种的创制提供依据。

不同百合品种的花和叶片对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抗性评价

评价不同百合品种叶片和花对灰霉病的抗性,分析叶片和花的灰霉抗性相关性,以期为评估百合对灰霉病的抗性及百合抗病育种提供支持。以A、O、L、LA和OT等5个系列的28个百合品种为材料,利用分离鉴定的灰葡萄孢菌,采用离体菌丝块直接接种和刺伤接种法,对百合的叶片和花瓣进行灰霉病抗性评价,并根据叶和花的病斑直径进行相关性分析。结果表明,同一品种百合叶片对不同灰葡萄孢菌株抗性存在差异,不同品种间百合叶片的抗性差异较大。其中白色帝王和眼线这2个品种属于高感品种;红星、丝雨、桃色事件等8个品种属于易感品种;地魔星、秘密之吻、穿梭等7个品种属于中抗品种;索邦、微微安娜、布林迪西等6个品种属于高抗品种;依兰、西伯利亚、俯视等5个品种属于免疫品种。对叶片进行刺伤,可导致灰霉菌侵染性增强。花瓣接种结果显示大部分百合花瓣比叶片更容易受到侵染,但是百合花和叶片对灰葡萄孢的敏感性没有显著相关性;红星、丝雨、桃色事件等13个品种的花和叶对灰葡萄孢菌的敏感性一致;地魔星、秘密之吻、布林迪西等14个品种的花比叶对灰葡萄孢菌更敏感;白色帝王的叶片较花对灰葡萄孢菌更敏感。组织损伤会降低百合对灰霉病的抗性,百合叶片与花对灰霉菌敏感性无显著相关性。依兰、微微安娜、西伯利亚和红色宫殿4个高抗品种可为百合灰霉病抗性资源合理利用以及品种选育提供参考。

百合鳞茎营养素与植物化学成分研究进展

百合是多年生草本植物,兼具观赏、食用和药用价值,其可食用或药用部位一般为鳞茎。近年来,百合鳞茎作为一种特色蔬菜,受到消费者青睐。本文重点从不同品种视角对百合鳞茎进行了分析,首先归纳了碳水化合物(包括活性多糖)、蛋白质及氨基酸、脂类、矿物质和维生素等营养素的详细构成,进一步总结了其甾体皂苷(包括螺甾烷醇、异螺甾烷醇、变形螺甾烷醇、呋甾烷醇类)、酚酸类(包括单聚酚酸、酚酸甘油酯和苷类)、黄酮类(包括黄酮醇、黄烷醇、查尔酮、黄烷酮、黄烷酮醇、花色苷类等)和生物碱类(包括异喹啉、吡咯啉、哌啶和甾体糖苷类)等已知植物化学成分的构成及其生物活性,最后对百合在保健食品中的应用进行概括,以期为百合研究及非药用加工利用提供理论依据和研究思路。

英文中含有“lily”的相关原生物及名称辨析

植物名称及其所对应的原植物,在世界各国或地区均大量存在同名异物或同物异名的现象,极易造成混淆,不可不辨。以"lily"为研究对象,利用http:∥scholar.google.com和http:∥apps.web of knowledge.com文献检索平台,查询国内外使用"lily"作为关键词或主题词的文献,分别得到534 000条和11 734条检索信息,然而,以"lilium"为关键词和主题词进行二级检索时,却只能得到27 000条和6 087条检索信息。在此基础上,对这些含有"lily"的词或词组进行归类分析,结果显示:"lily"本意为百合属Lilium植物,但是英文名称中含有"lily"的词或词组并非都是百合,其代表的含义十分广泛,不仅包括百合科、秋海棠科、石蒜科、天南星科及人工杂交种等多种植物,而且在某些动物名称中也含有"lily"。可见,含有"lily"的英文词或词组所代表的名称和原植物较多,而且十分复杂,在文献检索以及相关研究中应注意区分。

不同植物生长调节剂对卷丹百合扦插繁殖效果的影响

本试验选取生长健壮、无病虫害的优良卷丹鳞茎为试验材料,比较不同浓度(100、300、500 mg/L)IAA、IBA、KT、6-BA处理对卷丹扦插繁殖的鳞茎发生率、繁殖系数、生根数、根长以及新生小鳞茎直径的影响。结果表明,生长调节剂种类与浓度共同影响卷丹鳞片的扦插繁殖效果,其中不同生长调节剂种类之间的影响差异更为明显。与IAA、6-BA、KT相比,IBA处理卷丹的繁殖效果较好,且以100 mg/L IBA处理效果最佳。与6-BA和KT处理相比,IAA和IBA处理卷丹鳞茎发生率较高,其中300 mg/L IBA处理的鳞茎发生率高达100%。

Physiology Mechanism of Metabolisms in the Middle Scales of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Bulbs Stored at Low Temperature for Dormancy-Release

Changes in carbohydrate, phenols, free amino acids and endogenous hormones in middle scales of Lilium davidii var.unicolor bulbs during the 101 days storage at 2, 6 and 10°C in moist sawdust were studied. The results indicated that asthe storage time increased and the storage temperature delined, contents of starch and abscisic acid (ABA) decreasedmarkedly, and the level of total soluble sugar, phenols, gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole acetic acid (IAA) increasedsharply. In the first 34 days, the contents of the above substances changed most actively. Correlation analysis revealedthat the increase in content of total soluble sugar and phenols was respectively caused by activation of amylase andphenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). During the storage, the content of free amino acids decreased, and the level ofarginine was the highest and changed most remarkably. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis and pathanalysis, we could primarily conclude that the metabolism of carbohydrates, phenols and free amino acids in the middlescales may be mainly regulated by endogenous GA3.

High temperature enhances anthocyanin coloration in Asiatic hybrid lily flowers via upregulation of the MYB12 positive regulator

Although high atmospheric temperatures suppress anthocyanin accumulation in most plant species,we show that high temperatures accelerate anthocyanin pigmentation in flower tepals of Asiatic hybrid lilies(Lilium spp.).After incubation at high temperatures(35℃)for two days,anthocyanin color became deeper in the most of tepal parts of two Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars,although the basal parts of’Montreux’tepals and top parts of’Toronto’outer tepals were whitened.Environmental stimuli often affect the expression of R2R3-MYB positive regulators that control anthocyanin biosynthesis.Although their expression is often suppressed by hot temperatures in other species,the expression of lily MYB12 in tepals was upregulated by high temperatures.MicroRNA828(miR828),which suppresses the action of MYB12 post-transcriptionally,exhibited reduced accumulation levels under high temperature,indicating that miR828 regulation is involved in MYB12 upregulation.In addition,transcription levels of MYB12,estimated by unspliced MYB12 transcript accumulation,were also activated by high temperatures.Thus,both suppressed miR828 accumulation and increased MYB12 transcription are likely to be involved in MYB12 activation at high temperatures.In the whitened basal parts of’Montreux’tepals at 35℃,expression of bHLH2 was severely suppressed while that of MYB12 was not affected.The present results demonstrate that plants display diverse responses to hot climatic conditions and shed new light on anthocyanin regulation under various environmental conditions.

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily“Prato”

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily（Lilium spp.） were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS＋[6-BA（0.5）＋KT（2.0）＋2,4-D（1.0）] mg·L-1.The rate of callus differentiation could reach 31.57% in the optimized medium which was MS＋ NAA（1.5,2.0） mg·L-1.

兰州百合采后贮藏保鲜研究进展

兰州百合营养丰富,广受消费者喜爱,作为“甘味”特色优势农产品,对提升当地农民收入和加快乡村振兴起到重要的作用。但是由于兰州百合采后易褐变,造成经济损失严重。研究者针对兰州百合采后贮藏保鲜问题已开展了相关研究。基于此,本文在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,紧密结合产业发展,综述了兰州百合的传统保鲜、物理保鲜和化学保鲜技术,梳理并展望了兰州百合采后贮藏保鲜研究过程中可能运用到的新技术和新方法,尤其对于生物保鲜、复合保鲜方法和交叉学科的应用亟需加强。通过对兰州百合采后贮藏保鲜研究进展的综述,有望为兰州百合品质提升和减损增效提供一定的参考。

基于淀粉与可溶性糖转化的百合鳞茎甜度分析

以16份百合种质为试材,分析冷藏时间、鳞片类型及不同百合品种冷藏前后淀粉与可溶性糖含量的变化规律,为百合鳞茎采后贮藏、冷藏后食用口感的快速测定、货架期调控及鳞茎休眠打破时间的确定提供参考。结果表明:冷藏后Tiny double you鳞茎的甜度值及可溶性固形物含量最高,兰州百合次之,卷丹最低;大花卷丹鳞茎的可溶性糖含量最高,兰州百合次之,卷丹最低;相关性分析表明,甜度值与可溶性固形物含量的相关系数为0.8284,可溶性糖含量与甜度值、可溶性固形物含量的相关系数分别为0.7673和0.5711,均存在一定相关性。随着冷藏时间的增加,龙牙百合鳞茎的可溶性糖含量上升,冷藏60 d时最高,而兰州百合和S8鳞茎的可溶性糖含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,冷藏45 d时最高;龙牙百合、兰州百合和S8的淀粉含量呈下降—上升—下降的变化趋势,冷藏60 d时最低;S8外层鳞片冷藏后的可溶性糖含量高于中层和内层鳞片,外层鳞片的淀粉含量下降最多,冷藏后淀粉含量最低。16份资源冷藏前后的可溶性糖含量均以大花卷丹最高、卷丹最低;冷藏前兰州百合的淀粉含量最高,红百合最低,冷藏后兰州百合的淀粉含量最高,Tiny double you最低。综上表明,冷藏条件对鳞茎中淀粉转化为可溶性糖效率的影响程度因品种而异。

等离子体对百合青霉菌的杀菌效果

采用等离子体装置激发产生的臭氧和氮氧化合物处理接种青霉菌的索邦百合(Lilium spp.)鳞片,以探究等离子体对百合青霉菌的杀菌效果及臭氧处理百合种球对植株生长发育的影响。结果表明,2种等离子体气体间隔2 d或4 d处理20 min均能有效抑制百合青霉菌,发病率可控制在11.11%~22.22%。等离子体发生的臭氧能有效抑制青霉菌的发生,同时不影响百合的生长发育。本研究是等离子体技术在百合种球青霉菌防治中的首次报道,有利于促进百合种球国产化,助推绿色生态农业。

百合LoXTH23基因克隆、生物信息学分析及在鳞茎休眠解除过程中的表达动态

【目的】研究西伯利亚百合(Lilium oriental ‘Siberia’)休眠解除过程中LoXTH23基因的作用。【方法】以西伯利亚百合鳞茎为试验材料,从前期转录组测序结果中筛选出1个休眠解除期差异显著的XTH家族基因,利用RT-PCR技术扩增该基因cDNA全长序列,命名为LoXTH23。采用生物信息学软件对LoXTH23基因结构、理化性质等进行分析;采用荧光定量PCR技术测定LoXTH23基因在鳞茎休眠解除过程中的相对表达量。【结果】LoXTH23基因开放阅读框全长858 bp,编码285个氨基酸,包含GH16结构域,属于XTH家族基因;编码的蛋白相对分子量约为3.19 ku,理论等电点为6.19,是存在跨膜结构域和信号肽的不稳定亲水蛋白;二级结构中以随机卷曲为主,存在30个磷酸化位点;荧光定量PCR结果显示:LoXTH23基因的表达量在鳞茎休眠完全解除10 d时最高。【结论】LoXTH23可能在百合鳞茎休眠解除调控进程中起重要作用。

百合外片加工中褐变控制工艺的优化

以龙山县鲜卷丹百合3~4层鳞茎外片(采取人工拨片的方式由外向内取材)为原料,通过正交试验确定了最佳的复合护色剂配方为柠檬酸0.8%、半胱氨酸0.25%、抗坏血酸0.3%;并选取热烫时间、护色时间、鼓风干燥温度3个因素进行响应面法试验,以色泽L值为评价指标,获得最佳工艺参数为热烫时间8 min、复合护色剂护色时间30 min、鼓风干燥温度69℃,在该条件下百合粉色泽L值的理论值为87.27,试验均值为87.15,达到了理论值的99.9%,抑制褐变的效果良好,说明获得的百合粉最优加工工艺参数是可靠的。

不同叶面肥对药用百合生长特性、产量及品质的影响

为了筛选促进药用百合生长发育和提高产量与品质的叶面肥,以药用百合品种卷丹为试材,在大田条件下研究了纯品氨基酸、自制剂2、自制剂1、生根壮苗剂和细胞分裂素叶面肥对药用百合农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:各叶面肥处理对百合的生长均有一定的促进作用,其中自制剂2处理能显著提高百合旺长期的株高和叶数,自制剂1处理能显著提高百合现蕾期的株高和茎粗,还能显著提高百合旺长期和现蕾期的叶数;各叶面肥处理均能提高百合的叶绿素含量和产量,其中,自制剂2和自制剂1处理百合旺长期和现蕾期的叶绿素含量均显著高于清水处理(CK),自制剂1处理的产量最高,其次是自制剂2,分别为1 282.12和1 115.37 kg/km~2,且均显著高于CK,分别比CK增产47.55%和28.36%;除自制剂1处理的多糖含量外各叶面肥处理的黄酮含量和多糖含量均高于CK,但差异不显著。因此,自制剂1和自制剂2叶面肥促进百合生长和提高产量的效果明显,可以在百合生产中推广应用。

百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展

在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上,综述了百合鳞茎形态发生与膨大发育的生理研究进展,主要包括鳞茎的形成生理与影响因子,鳞茎发育过程中的养分积累与调控机制,以及子鳞茎离体诱导与培养等研究进展,并就今后鳞茎研究趋势进行展望。

不同施肥处理对百合品质的影响

目的:确定百合的最佳施肥方案。方法:分别采用苯酚硫酸法和钼蓝比色法测定不同施肥处理的百合多糖及总磷脂含量。结果:钾肥对百合品质影响较大,后期施用叶面肥的百合,其多糖和总磷脂含量明显高于平均水平。结论:种植百合,前期要注意钾肥的施入,后期施用叶面肥,可提高百合的品质。

岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性

以岷江百合（Lilium regale Wilson）的7个天然群体为研究对象，对其株高、花瓣长、叶片数、花朵数、叶片长和叶片宽等6个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：岷江百合表型性状在群体间存在广泛变异，6个性状群体间的F值为4．87～34．9l，达显著或极显著水平；群体内只有叶片长和叶片宽达极显著水平，其他4个性状均不显著。6个性状的平均表型分化系数（‰）为61．52％，群体间变异（26．25％）大于群体内变异（20．02％），说明群体间变异是百合表型性状的主要变异来源。岷江百合表型性状与地理因子的相关分析表明：株高、花朵数和叶宽与纬度成显著正相关，而其它性状与地理因子的相关性均不显著。利用群体间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，7个岷江百合天然群体可以划分为两类，说明性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类。

百合鳞茎发育生物学研究进展

百合是重要的鲜切花,也可以做盆花,还可以在园林中应用。要生产出优质的百合切花,需要优良的百合种球,生产出优质种球需要对百合鳞茎的发育生物学深入了解。在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上,对其生长发育过程中重要的生理生化变化进行了综述,其中包括鳞茎中淀粉含量变化、淀粉代谢的关键酶、可溶性糖及蛋白质的相关研究进展,并就今后鳞茎发育研究趋势进行了展望。