In the post-Columbian era from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,modernity emerges as travel becomes an increasingly common activity.Most of Shakespeare’s late romances involve magical elements and traditional ...In the post-Columbian era from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,modernity emerges as travel becomes an increasingly common activity.Most of Shakespeare’s late romances involve magical elements and traditional moral concepts.Most of the studies focus on the divinity,redemption,moral influence,narrative structure and moral functions,which belongs to a mode of established discussions.This paper argues that in early modern England as the key period of social transformation,Shakespeare’s romances works through the liminality of the space,both presenting growing rituals on the fringe of the noble class,showing character’s political concern in spatial change.The outline of an early modern British cultural landscape arises from it.For Shakespeare,the characters’travels are inevitable,and there is a sense of national spirituality in it.Shakespeare’s romances take those travelling characters as the carrier through the growing rituals in the spatial change.As the solid construction of the identity of the characters is presented,and the reliability of the social change can be interpreted.This paper aims to explore the charm of Shakespeare’s romance and the manifestation of early modern culture of mobility.展开更多
The custom of amusing the parents-in-law is one of the most important amusement contents of the civil marriage ceremony in the Chinese North Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, Baoan and other several nationalities, and curre...The custom of amusing the parents-in-law is one of the most important amusement contents of the civil marriage ceremony in the Chinese North Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, Baoan and other several nationalities, and currently it has fully been entertained in the minds of the people. Behind this ＂entertaining ceremony＂ of the festive colors hide the serious social expectations of our ancestors -- scrupulously abide by the filial piety and the sense of propriety, justice, honesty and honor. Through the dramatic performance methods in the wedding that ＂there is no degree of seniority for three days＂, ＂humiliate the parents-in-law＂ and ＂the father-in-law shoulders on back the danghter-in-law＂ and so on, they stress that these acts are the ＂sacrilege＂ that cannot be violated in the normal state of the society. The ways and means of ＂metaphor＂ in the ceremony of the ancestors are the means that many of the human groups adopt in the life etiquette and other ＂transition＂ etiquettes. In this regard, the anthropologist Victor Turner summarizes it as ＂liminality＂, and based on this theory, the author conducts an interpretive study of the metaphor behind the custom of amusing the parents-in-law.展开更多
Introduction and Objectives: The idiopathic sensorineural cochlear hearing loss is one of the most frequent human sensory deficits and there is no specific drug therapy for it. The possible hearing recovery is related...Introduction and Objectives: The idiopathic sensorineural cochlear hearing loss is one of the most frequent human sensory deficits and there is no specific drug therapy for it. The possible hearing recovery is related with the reestablishment of normal ionic homeostasis of the endolymph controlled by the mineralocorticoid as could be demonstrate experimentally. The purpose of this clinical trial was to confirm the efficacy of mineralocorticoids to the recovery of hearing level in patients suffering idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) against the glucocorticoids and vasodilator drugs. Material and Methods: The research lasted three months and involved 90 patients allocated into four different groups: Placebo group, consisted of 20 patients (10 men and 10 women);the group consisting of 22 patients treated with glucocorticoid therapy (12 men and 10 female);the group treated with mineralocorticoid therapy encompassed 26 patients (13 males and 13 females) and the group of vasodilators formed by 22 patients (12 men and 10 women). The level of hearing loss was estimated by the tests Liminal Tone Audiometry (LTA) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). Results: The main features in this research were overall better response in improving the hearing level with the mineralocorticoid therapy. This improvement in hearing levels was greater in women than in men, and a higher response was found in the left ear regardless of patient’s gender. Conclusions: The hearing gain was significantly superior in the mineralocorticoids group followed by the glucocorticoids group whereas the response to vasodilators was lesser and with no statistical significance.展开更多
This paper explains the causes of conflicts and tensions in sharecropping relationships, the nature and level of exploitation. It explains the immediate as well as root causes of conflicts that emerge between sharecro...This paper explains the causes of conflicts and tensions in sharecropping relationships, the nature and level of exploitation. It explains the immediate as well as root causes of conflicts that emerge between sharecroppers and landlords. Life-world of peasants of Sindh has been explored at village, sub-regional and regional level. It was found that the historical systemic structures of exploitation still exist in its refined form in peasant life-world. Peasant life within village and among village peasants is relatively peaceful. Conflicts emerge or take serious turn when outside systemic agents get involved in issues related to sharecropper and landlord. Historically property rights given to big landlords and feudal lords by imperialistic forces while snatching the indigenous right of peasants to self-cultivation, is the root cause that has spawned several sub-systemic pathologies in the life-world of peasants. Absentee landlordism, Kamdaari system, debt bondage, social bondage, system of Kann, landlessness, adulterated hybrid seeds, and issues of Sanad are some of the sub-systemic evils that have emerged over the years. All such sub-systemic structures put bigger and influential landlords into strategic advantage over the sharecroppers, particularly landless peasants;the imbalance that perpetuates “permanent liminality” suppresses reciprocal dialogues and discourages mutual negotiations. Outside systemic factors like SHO-Landlord nexus or Feudal-Police-Tapedar troika play central role in conflict creation and exacerbation in landlord-sharecropper relationship leading to bloody conflicts, caste wars, tribal feuds and honor-killings, thus, further differentiating and alienating life-world and the system rural Sindh.展开更多
Liminality theory remains underused in discussions of post World War II Caribbean writing in the UK.This essay re-considers Samuel Selvon’s seminal 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners through the lens of liminality.In th...Liminality theory remains underused in discussions of post World War II Caribbean writing in the UK.This essay re-considers Samuel Selvon’s seminal 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners through the lens of liminality.In this essay,liminality is used as a lens through which the novel’s characters,structure,locations,and language are viewed.The Lonely Londoners emerges as the prototypical liminal text,with each of its elements occupying an interstitial space between modernist experiment and a postcolonial alternative-or challenge to imperialist fictions.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU1909514)。
文摘In the post-Columbian era from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,modernity emerges as travel becomes an increasingly common activity.Most of Shakespeare’s late romances involve magical elements and traditional moral concepts.Most of the studies focus on the divinity,redemption,moral influence,narrative structure and moral functions,which belongs to a mode of established discussions.This paper argues that in early modern England as the key period of social transformation,Shakespeare’s romances works through the liminality of the space,both presenting growing rituals on the fringe of the noble class,showing character’s political concern in spatial change.The outline of an early modern British cultural landscape arises from it.For Shakespeare,the characters’travels are inevitable,and there is a sense of national spirituality in it.Shakespeare’s romances take those travelling characters as the carrier through the growing rituals in the spatial change.As the solid construction of the identity of the characters is presented,and the reliability of the social change can be interpreted.This paper aims to explore the charm of Shakespeare’s romance and the manifestation of early modern culture of mobility.
文摘The custom of amusing the parents-in-law is one of the most important amusement contents of the civil marriage ceremony in the Chinese North Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, Baoan and other several nationalities, and currently it has fully been entertained in the minds of the people. Behind this ＂entertaining ceremony＂ of the festive colors hide the serious social expectations of our ancestors -- scrupulously abide by the filial piety and the sense of propriety, justice, honesty and honor. Through the dramatic performance methods in the wedding that ＂there is no degree of seniority for three days＂, ＂humiliate the parents-in-law＂ and ＂the father-in-law shoulders on back the danghter-in-law＂ and so on, they stress that these acts are the ＂sacrilege＂ that cannot be violated in the normal state of the society. The ways and means of ＂metaphor＂ in the ceremony of the ancestors are the means that many of the human groups adopt in the life etiquette and other ＂transition＂ etiquettes. In this regard, the anthropologist Victor Turner summarizes it as ＂liminality＂, and based on this theory, the author conducts an interpretive study of the metaphor behind the custom of amusing the parents-in-law.
基金Funded through the Carlos Ⅲ Health Institute agreement to carry out non-commercial clinical trials involving human drugs,co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).
文摘Introduction and Objectives: The idiopathic sensorineural cochlear hearing loss is one of the most frequent human sensory deficits and there is no specific drug therapy for it. The possible hearing recovery is related with the reestablishment of normal ionic homeostasis of the endolymph controlled by the mineralocorticoid as could be demonstrate experimentally. The purpose of this clinical trial was to confirm the efficacy of mineralocorticoids to the recovery of hearing level in patients suffering idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) against the glucocorticoids and vasodilator drugs. Material and Methods: The research lasted three months and involved 90 patients allocated into four different groups: Placebo group, consisted of 20 patients (10 men and 10 women);the group consisting of 22 patients treated with glucocorticoid therapy (12 men and 10 female);the group treated with mineralocorticoid therapy encompassed 26 patients (13 males and 13 females) and the group of vasodilators formed by 22 patients (12 men and 10 women). The level of hearing loss was estimated by the tests Liminal Tone Audiometry (LTA) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). Results: The main features in this research were overall better response in improving the hearing level with the mineralocorticoid therapy. This improvement in hearing levels was greater in women than in men, and a higher response was found in the left ear regardless of patient’s gender. Conclusions: The hearing gain was significantly superior in the mineralocorticoids group followed by the glucocorticoids group whereas the response to vasodilators was lesser and with no statistical significance.
文摘This paper explains the causes of conflicts and tensions in sharecropping relationships, the nature and level of exploitation. It explains the immediate as well as root causes of conflicts that emerge between sharecroppers and landlords. Life-world of peasants of Sindh has been explored at village, sub-regional and regional level. It was found that the historical systemic structures of exploitation still exist in its refined form in peasant life-world. Peasant life within village and among village peasants is relatively peaceful. Conflicts emerge or take serious turn when outside systemic agents get involved in issues related to sharecropper and landlord. Historically property rights given to big landlords and feudal lords by imperialistic forces while snatching the indigenous right of peasants to self-cultivation, is the root cause that has spawned several sub-systemic pathologies in the life-world of peasants. Absentee landlordism, Kamdaari system, debt bondage, social bondage, system of Kann, landlessness, adulterated hybrid seeds, and issues of Sanad are some of the sub-systemic evils that have emerged over the years. All such sub-systemic structures put bigger and influential landlords into strategic advantage over the sharecroppers, particularly landless peasants;the imbalance that perpetuates “permanent liminality” suppresses reciprocal dialogues and discourages mutual negotiations. Outside systemic factors like SHO-Landlord nexus or Feudal-Police-Tapedar troika play central role in conflict creation and exacerbation in landlord-sharecropper relationship leading to bloody conflicts, caste wars, tribal feuds and honor-killings, thus, further differentiating and alienating life-world and the system rural Sindh.
文摘Liminality theory remains underused in discussions of post World War II Caribbean writing in the UK.This essay re-considers Samuel Selvon’s seminal 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners through the lens of liminality.In this essay,liminality is used as a lens through which the novel’s characters,structure,locations,and language are viewed.The Lonely Londoners emerges as the prototypical liminal text,with each of its elements occupying an interstitial space between modernist experiment and a postcolonial alternative-or challenge to imperialist fictions.
