Three-wavelength generation from cascaded wavelength conversion in monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate

Tunable coherent emission is generated in a single-pass, cascaded wavelength conversion process from mode-locked laser-pumped monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate（PPLN）. Three ranges of wavelength, including visible output from 628 nm to 639 nm, near-infrared output from 797 nm to 816 nm, and mid-infrared output from 3167 nm to 3459 nm,were obtained from the monolithic PPLN, which consists of a 10-mm section for 532-nm-pumped optical parametric generation（OPG） and a 7-mm section for 1064-nm-pumped sum frequency generation（SFG）. A pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 23.4% for OPG at 50°C and a quantum efficiency of 26.2% for SFG at 200°C were obtained.

Towards 640 Gbit/s wavelength conversion based on nonlinear polarization rotation in a semiconductor optical amplifier

Taking into account ultra-fast carrier dynamics, this paper models 640 Gbit/s wavelength conversion scheme based on nonlinear polarization rotation （NPR） in a single semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） and investigates the performance of this kind of wavelength conversion scheme in detail. In this model, two carrier temperature equations are introduced to substitute two energy density equations, which reduce the complexity of calculation in comparison with the previous model. The temporary gain and phase shift dynamics induced by ultra-short optical pulses are numerically simulated and the simulated results are qualitatively in good agreement with reported experimental results. Simulated results show that non-inverted and inverted 640 Gbit/s wavelength conversions based on NPR are achieved with clear open eye diagrams. To further investigate the performance of the non-inverted wavelength conversion scheme, the dependence of output extinction ratio （ER） on some key parameters used in simulation is illustrated. Furthermore, simulated analyses show that high performance non-inverted wavelength conversion based on NPR can be achieved by using a red-shifted filtering scheme.

Performance analysis of optical burst switching node with limited wavelength conversion capabilities

The systematical and scalable frameworks were provided for estimating the blocking probabilities under asynchronous traffic in optical burst switching(OBS) nodes with limited wavelength conversion capability(LWCC) . The relevant system architectures of limited range and limited number of wavelength converters(WCs) deployed by a share-per-fiber(SPF) mode were developed,and the novel theoretical analysis of node blocking probability was derived by combining the calculation of discouraged arrival rate in a birth-death process and two-dimensional Markov chain model of SPF. The simulation results on single node performance verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the analysis models. Under most scenarios,it is difficult to distinguish the plots generated by the analysis and simulation. As the conversion degree increases,the accuracy of the analysis model worsens slightly. However,the utmost error on burst loss probability is far less than one order of magnitude and hence,still allows for an accurate estimate. Some results are of actual significance to the construction of next-generation commercial OBS backbones.

Optical properties of wavelength-tunable green-emitting color conversion glass ceramics

Color conversion glass ceramics are prepared by cosintering borosilicate glass frits and green 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 phosphors. The crystal structures, the influence of Ga concentration on the photoluminescence （PL）, and reliability properties of the color conversion glass ceramics are investigated. The PL emission wavelengths of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics show blue shift from 545 nm to 525 nm with increasing Ga content （x value） under excited at 460 nm. Reliability test results show that the quantum yield （QY） of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics decreases from 70.60% to 59.06% with x value increasing from 0.15 to 0.35 under the ambient condition of 85℃/RH85% for the exposure time of 168 h. And the quantum yield （QY） of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics decreases from 65.13% to 52.23% after being soaked into boiled water for 4 h. The finding reveals that the addition of Ga can deteriorate the reliability of the color conversion glass ceramics.

Broad-Band All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of Differential Phase-Shift Keyed Signal Using an SOA-Based Nonlinear Polarization Switch

Broad-band all-optical wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift keyed （DPSK） signal is experimentally demonstrated. This scheme is composed of a one-bit delay interferometer demodulation stage followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） based nonlinear polarization switch. A wavelength converter for the 10 G b/s DPSK signal is presented, which has a wide wavelength range of more than 30 nm. The converted signals experience small power penalties less than 1.4 dB compared with the original signal, at a bit error rate of 10-9. Additionally, the optical spectra, the measured waveforms and the open eye diagrams of the converted signals show a high quality wavelength conversion performance.

Design of an on‑chip wavelength conversion device assisted by an erbium‑ytterbium co‑doped waveguide amplifier

In current documented studies,it has been observed that wavelength converters utilizing AlGaAsOI waveguides exhibit suboptimal on-chip wavelength conversion efficiency from the C-band to the 2μm band,generally falling below−20.0 dB.To address this issue,we present a novel wavelength conversion device assisted by a waveguide amplifier,incorporating both AlGaAs wavelength converter and erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier,thereby achieving a notable conversion efficiency exceeding 0 dB.The noteworthy enhancement in efficiency can be attributed to the specific dispersion design of the AlGaAs wavelength converter,which enables an upsurge in conversion efficiency to−15.54 dB under 100 mW of pump power.Furthermore,the integration of an erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier facilitates a loss compensation of over 15 dB.Avoiding the use of external optical amplifiers,this device enables efficient and high-bandwidth wavelength conversion,showing promising applications in various fields,such as optical communication,sensing,imaging,and beyond.

多波长转换及注入锁定全光3R再生技术

根据相干光注入半导体激光器产生的注入锁定和增益开关特性,提出了一种基于非简并四波混频多波长转换及注入锁定定时的全光3R再生技术,能同时实现基于NDFWM的多波长转换和信号3R再生,避免了交叉增益和交叉相位调制仅适用于单波长转换的限制。

A New Multicast Wavelength Assignment Algorithm in Wavelength-Converted Optical Networks

In this paper, we propose a new multicast wavelength assignment algorithm called NGWA with complexity of O(N), where N is the number of nodes on a multicast tree. The whole procedure of NGWA algorithm is separated into two phases: the partial wavelength assignment phase and the complete wavelength assignment phase. It tries to minimize the total number of wavelength conversions of the multicast tree. Meanwhile, the number of different wavelengths used is minimized locally. Through illustrative example and simulation experiments, it is proved that the NGWA algorithm works well and achieves satisfactory performance in terms of the average number of wavelength conversions and the average blocking probability.

A Novel Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment Integrate Algorithmin WDM Optical Network

Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment in the wavelength division multiplex optical networks with both dynamic service traffic and limited-range wavelength conversion have been discussed. Based on Moone-Dijkstra algorithm, a novel heuristic dynamic min-cost & optimal virtual wavelength path (DMC-OVWP) algorithm is proposed, in which the probability and limitation of wavelength conversion are taken into account. With separation and combination of routing and wavelength assignment sub-problems, RWA problem is optimized. The simulation results for the topology like China Education and Research Network using the algorithm show that low blocking probability is obtained.

基于晶体拉曼转换的多波长激光技术综述(特邀)

近年来,在光电对抗、激光雷达、精密测量、医疗等诸多应用的牵引下,能够同时或交替输出不同波长的激光器得到广泛关注,但是受到激光工作物质中激活粒子固有发射谱及其增益强度的限制,实现多波长激光的功率、波长和时频域的高效可控辐射具有较大难度。非线性光学频率变换技术是拓展激光波长的有效手段,具有系统灵活性强、波长调节范围宽和功率拓展性强等特点。作为一种三阶非线性光学效应,受激拉曼散射(SRS)通过介质内部的分子或晶格振动使入射的泵浦光产生一定的频移,结合其固有的放大、相位共轭、级联转换等特性,基于SRS的拉曼激光器在获得高功率、高光束质量、多波长激光输出中具有显著优势,尤其是以晶体作为拉曼增益介质的多波长激光器一直是激光领域研究的热点。文中介绍了SRS和级联拉曼转换的基本原理,归纳了典型晶体拉曼激光器的分类和基本结构,综述并讨论了基于晶体拉曼转换的多波长激光技术的研究现状。

Pr^(3+)共掺杂调控的Li_(0.9)K_(0.1)NbO_(3):Er^(3+)荧光粉上/下转换双模式光学测温研究

光热传感对于智能穿戴设备的开发至关重要.然而,设计合成具有合适多波长发射的发光材料,并在单一材料体系中利用多组探针构建宽温度范围的高灵敏温度传感器是一个巨大挑战.本研究采用高温固相法成功制备了Li_(0.9)K_(0.1)NbO_(3):Pr^(3+)/Er^(3+)单掺及双掺荧光粉.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪以及自制的加热装置对其结构、形貌及激发波长和温度依赖的荧光特性进行了表征.详细研究了Er^(3+)单掺与Pr^(3+),Er^(3+)共掺样品的上/下转换荧光及Er^(3+)的双模荧光温度传感特性.结果表明:Pr^(3+)掺杂优化了Li_(0.9)K_(0.1)NbO_(3):Er^(3+)荧光粉中源自于Er^(3+)离子热耦合能级的双模光学测温性能.本研究为温度探测提供了材料基础和光学测温技术.

双波长泵浦含有Er^(3+)∶NaYF_(4)纳米晶氟氧化物微晶玻璃的上转换发光性能

高效的光调制能够显著提高光转换效率和调节光响应速率,在光电子学领域中表现出巨大的应用潜力。然而,光子之间的弱相互作用对操纵光子‐光子相互作用造成了巨大的障碍。本文采用850 nm和1550 nm激光同时激发含有Er^(3+)∶NaYF_(4)纳米晶体的氧氟化物微晶玻璃,可以实现绿色上转换荧光的快‐慢光调制。与两束单波长激发的发光强度之和相比,双波长同时激发的绿色上转换发光强度明显提高了一个数量级。值得注意的是,绿色上转换发光快‐慢响应速率依赖于双波长激发的泵浦策略,显示出高达4倍的快‐慢响应差异。研究表明,双波长激发绿色上转换发光的快‐慢光调制在新型的全光开关中具有广阔的应用前景。

Four-wave mixing based 10-Gb/s tunable wavelength conversion in dispersion-flattened microstructure fibers

All-optical wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s signal based on four-wave mixing is experimentally demonstrated in a 30-m-long dispersion-flattened microstructure fiber with small positive dispersion. For an average pump power of 26 dBm, the conversion efficiency was around -19.5 dB with the fluctuation less than ±1.4 dB, covering a conversion bandwidth of 20 nm. The eye diagram of the converted signal shows good eye opening.

波分系统在广播电视系统中的应用

探讨波分系统的基本原理、不同类型的波分器和复用器的特点和应用,以及波分系统在广播电视系统中的应用优势,结合中央广播电视节目无线数字化广西覆盖工程光纤信源建设二期工程,具体阐述波分系统在广播电视系统中的应用和效果。

All-Optical Wavelength Conversion With Multi-Channel Broadcasting at 10 Gb/s Using an Electroabsorption Modulator

All-optical wavelength conversion has been demonstrated with an electroabsorption modulator based on cross-absorption modulation. For the first time, simultaneous broadcasting up to 6 different wavelengths at 10Gb/s is obtained with less than 0.5-dB polarization dependence.

All-optical NRZ wavelength conversion using a Sagnac loop with optimized SOA characteristics

We investigated the all-optical wavelength conversion technique for non-return-to-zero（NRZ） signals based on a Sagnac loop interferometer using an SOA. For the wavelength conversion of the NRZ signal at and above40 Gbit/s, we used an in-house numerical SOA model to analyze the influence of the SOA carrier characteristics and the SOA length on the performance of the Sagnac loop. We found that the SOA carrier recovery time should be between 2 and 3 times of one bit duration in order to get optimum NRZ wavelength conversion. In addition to the carrier recovery time requirement, SOAs with a shorter physical length are preferred to be used in the Sagnac interferometer.

Dual-polarization wavelength conversion of 16-QAM signals in a single silicon waveguide with a lateral p-i-n diode[Invited]

A polarization-diversity loop with a silicon waveguide with a lateral p-i-n diode as a nonlinear medium is used to realize polarization insensitive four-wave mixing. Wavelength conversion of seven dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) signals at 16 GBd is demonstrated with an optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty below 0.7 dB. High-quality converted signals are generated thanks to the low polarization dependence(≤0.5 dB) and the high conversion efficiency(CE) achievable. The strong Kerr nonlinearity in silicon and the decrease of detrimental free-carrier absorption due to the reverse-biased p-i-n diode are key in ensuring high CE levels.

高功率无线光通信波长转换系统性能研究

针对水下高速无线激光通信发射功率较低,通信距离受限的问题,该研究采用非线性光学中二次谐波理论,将1064 nm的高速外调制与放大技术和非线性晶体的准相位匹配技术相结合,通过光学设计和系统参数研究,设计了一种532 nm的高速大功率无线激光调制发射系统,并建立了基于温度和角度变换的波长转换效率模型。然后通过仿真分析的方法得到了不同温度下,最大转换效率对应的角度范围。最后对系统的性能进行了系统搭建和实验分析,验证了该系统在常温下可实现1 W大功率532 nm绿光无线输出,且频率大于1 GHz的模拟信号和速率大于500 Mbps的数字信号调制。实验结果表明:常温下,该系统输出的光斑光强分布均匀,光束质量显著好于调制后的基频光模式。系统输出的方波信号上升沿宽度和下降沿宽度会发生压缩,但随着脉冲宽度的减小压缩现象会发生收敛,上升沿宽度收敛于0.27,下降沿宽度收敛于0.06,系统输出的正弦信号随着频率的增加没有发生明显的畸变。研究结果可以为未来水下长距离高速无线光通信应用提供理论和技术支撑。

Cascaded four-wave mixing all-optical wavelength converter based on highly nonlinear fiber deposited graphene oxide

The all-optical wavelength conversion using cascaded four-wave mixing(FWM)phenomena with graphene oxide(GO)and a highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF)device is demonstrated experimentally.GO has a strong third-order nonlinear effect and is an excellent nonlinear optical material for nonlinear optical wavelength conversion.The group velocity matching of pump and signal,HNLF,and GO amplification promote the cascaded nonlinear frequency mixing process.From the experimental and analytical results,the maximum spacing between signal and pump is 21 nm,and specifically,the order of cascaded FWM light increases from order 1 to order 2 with increasing GO,and the first-order FWM conversion effi-ciency increases to a maximum of−14.5 dB.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that cascaded FWM-based all-optical wavelength conversion in HNLF-GO with wide wavelength selectivity is investigated with combined pump and signal light.Our findings not only provide an effective method for achieving all-optical wavelength conversion in cascaded FWM but also offer the possibility of fabricating high-performance nonlinear optical devices.

Numerical analysis of four-wave-mixing based multichannel wavelength conversion techniques in fibers

We numerically investigate four-wave-mixing （FWM） based multichannel wavelength conversion for amplitude-modulated signals, phase-modulated signals, together with mixed amplitude and phase modulated signals. This paper also discusses the influence of stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） effects on high-efficiency FWM-based wavelength conversion applications. Our simulation results show that DPSK signals are more suitable for FWM-based multichannel wavelength conversion because the OOK signals will suffer from the inevitable data- pattern-dependent pump depletion. In future applications, when the modulation format is partially upgraded from OOK to DPSK, the influence of OOK signals on the updated DPSK signals must be considered when using multi-channel wavelength conversion. This influence becomes severe with the increase of OOK channel number. It can be concluded that DPSK signals are more appropriate for both transmission and multichannel wavelength conversion, especially in long haul and high bit-rate system.