First Discovery and Zircon U-Pb Dating of Early Ordovician Granitoids in Lincang Batholith, Western Yunnan： Implications for the Presence of Proto-Tethyan Orogeny in the Sanjiang Region, SW China

Objective The Lincang granitic batholith, extending over 370 km from north to south with an area of more than 10000 km2, is the major part of the Sanjiang region in western Yunnan, SW China, and is one key area to study the evolution of the Tethys. Previous studies all agreed that the Lincang batholith was formed in the Triassic, and widely considered its formation to be the result of Paleo- Tethyan orogeny （Dong et al., 2013）. However, the early Ordovician syenogranite has been discovered recently for the first tirne in the Lincang batholith, and its petrologic and geochronological results are presented here to provide evidence in support of its association with Proto-Tethyan orogeny. This new discovery has important significance lbr understanding the geodynamic history of the Lincang batholith and tectonic evolution of the Sanjiang region.

Lincang Superlarge Germanium Deposit in Yunnan Province,China: Sedimentation,Diagenesis,Hydrothermal Process and Mineralization

The mineralization is related closely to sedimentation, diagenesis and hydrothermal processes. In this paper, investigations are carried out on coal occurrence, maceral composition, inorganic minerals, trace elements and huminite reflectance. It is concluded that the source of Lincang superlarge deposit is mainly the muscovite granite in the west edge of the basin. During sedimentation, Ge (germanium) was leached out and entered the basin. Ge was adsorbed by lower organism and humic substances in water. Lincang lignite underwent three thermal processes: peatification, early diagenesis and hydrothermal transformation. During peatification, Ge was adsorbed or complexed by humic colloids. During early diagenesis, the Ge associated with humic acids was hard to mobilize or transport. Most of Ge entered the structure of huminite while a small amount of Ge was associated with residual humic acids as complex or humate. During hydrothermal transformation, the heated natural water or deep fluid from basement encountered the coal layer within tectonic weak zone. SO 2- 4 was reduced by coal organic matter. Pyrite and calcite formed. Hydrothermal process did not contribute significantly to mineralization.

A study of natural radioactivity levels of soil in the Lincang Basin,Yunna

Influenced by the Indosinian Lincang granite,the level the natural radioactivity in the Lincang Basin is relatively high.This work deals with the determination of natural radioactivity of soil in this area by using theγ-ray spectrometer.The specific activities of 2 26Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K obtained were obviously greater than the average values of these nuclides countrywide and worldwide,which were 53.4(from 38.7 to 62.8),161.2(from 127.3 to 211.7),120.9(from 106.5 to 140.6)and 632.2(from 521.7 to 707.5)Bq/kg.Based on the research data,the level of natural radioactivity of the granite was high,which impacts and provides a good source of soil radioactivity in the study area.To assess the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity in soil,the γ-absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate were calculated.The results show that,although the γ-absorbed dose rate in the study area is a little high,the annual effective dose rate is lower than the recommended value.So the Lincang Basin is safe with respect to radiological level and its living environment is not affected.

Geochemistry of siliceous rocks and germanium mineralization of Lincang superlarge germanium deposit in Yunnan Province

GERMANIUM, as a dispersed element, is highly dispersed in the crust and any independent deposit of ithas never been reported. It has long been obtained as a byproduct from some sulfide-rich deposits andcoal beds. The Lincang germanium deposit discovered in recent years in China can be considered as an independent germanium deposit of superlarge reserves. At present, about 800 t of germanium reserves havebeen exploited, the most part of which is concentrated in the first cycle of coal at the bottom of the basindeveloped on a granite basement, while the upper three coal cycles are basically barren. Bodies of Gemineralization exhibit a zonal pattern trending NNW, in consistence with the distribution of the siliceousrocks in the first coal cycle. Here we describe the geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks intercalated with the first

Continental hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock andgenesis of superlarge germanium(Ge)deposit hosted incoal:A study from the Lincang Ge deposit,Yunnan,China

There are abundant hydrothermal sedimentary structures and plant fragment fossils in the siliceous rocks from the Lincang Ge deposit. The major element compositions of these siliceous rocks are characterized by high content SiO2, low TiO2 and Al2O3concentrations, and low Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratios (0.010 on average). The siliceous rocks are distinctly enriched in Ge, Sb, As, W, and secondly enriched in Cs, U, Mo and Tl. Their total REE content are generally less than 1μg/g, LREE relatively concentrated, and the values of Eu anomaly and Ce anomaly vary from 0.452 to 5.141 and 0.997 to 1.174, respectively. Their NAS-normalized REE patterns are plain or left-inclined. The Oxygen isotope compositions of these siliceous rocks are similar to those of the hydrothermal siliceous sinter. The above characteristics, as well as the geological setting of the deposit, indicate these siliceous rocks formed in continental hydrothermal envi- ronment. As the interlayer or cliff of the Ge-rich coal seams, siliceous rocks tightly contacted with ore-body, and the contents of Ge in siliceous rocks vary from 5.6 to 360 μg/g (78 μg/g on aver- age). The Ge content increased in coal which close to the siliceous rocks. With the increase of Ge content, the typical trace element ratios (i.e., Ge/Ga, Nb/Ta and U/Th) and REE patterns of Ge-rich coal are more close to those of the siliceous rocks. The Ge concentrated in coal seams of the Lincang Ge deposit might be transported by the hydrothermal water, which demonstrated by the siliceous rocks, during the coal-forming processes.

Status Quo of Wetland Resources in Lincang City and Protection Countermeasures

Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm^2, including natural wetland 12,949.86 hm^2, artifi cial wetland 16,152.75 hm^2. Characteristics of the wetland resources in the city are concluded as "diversifi ed wetland types, small wetland area, high proportion of artifi cial wetland, and significant ecological niche. This paper pointed out problems in the wetland protection, such as aggravated pollution of wetland environment, invasion of alien species, and biocenosis changed by hydropower engineering, then gave corresponding protection countermeasures.

Germanium occurrence in Lincang superlarge deposit in Yunnan, China

A heavy media separation has been carried out to study the partition of germanium in various macerals of mineralized lignites in Lincang superlarge germanium deposit in Yunnan, China. The result shows that Ge stays predominantly in huminites, especially in corpohuminites （86.04%\89.16%）, next in light macerals and minerals （3 20%\8.33% and 1.71%\10.27%, respectively）. In addition, the EPMA and PIXE analyses suggest that no germanium minerals have been detected and Ge is well distributed in the whole mineralized lignite, bonding to O, C and H of coaly organic matter of mineralized lignites.

Late Miocene Pods and Leaves of Albizzia (Leguminosae:Mimosoideae) from Yunnan,SW China and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Albizzia is a leguminous genus belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae with approximately 150 modern species, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Among them, 17 species are mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China. Abundant fossils of the subfamily Mimosoideae, including leaves, pods, flowers and wood, have been reported from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata of the Northern Hemisphere. However, Neogene records of Mimosoideae are relatively scarce. In this study, fossil pods and leaves belonging to the genus Aibizzia from the Bangmai Formation of Yunnan, China were described. They were assigned to three species, including Albizzia scalpeUiformis Guo, Li and Xie Emended, Albizzia cf. kalkora （Roxb.） Prain and Albizzia sp. The occurrence of Albizzia fossils from Lincang not only gives important information on the Neogene plant diversity from Yunnan--a worldwide famous biological hotspot--but also provides additional evidence for its phytogeographic history.

Occurrence, Damage and Control Strategies of Major Pests, Diseases and Weeds in Sugarcane Areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co., Ltd.

The pests, diseases and weeds in sugarcane areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd. were investigated at seedling stage, growth stage and maturity stage of sugarcane from 2012 to 2016. The occurrence and damage of diseases, pests and weeds were analyzed, and the problems in prevention and control were discussed based on the local conditions of sugarcane production. The species, occurrence and damage characteristics of diseases, pests and weeds were ascertained, and the corresponding strategies and technical measures were proposed.

The Genesis of Lincang Germanium Deposit─A Preliminary Investigation

The mechanism of formation of the Lincang germanium deposit is discussed in thelight of the spatial distribution of Ge-rich coal and siliceous rocks, the sulfur isotopic composi-tion of pyrite in the Ge-rich coal, the variation of Ge abundance in the coal seams and the geo-chemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks. The results show that the siliceous rocks interca-lated with the coal seams were deposited from a hydrothermal medium through which germani-um was enriched in the coal beds. The primary source of germanium is thought to be the Ge-rich granite in the basement of the sedimentary basin.

Driving Factors of Coordinated Development in Chinese Border Cities:A Case Study of Lincang City in Southwest China

In the context of the“Belt and Road Initiative”,the sustainable development of border cities is paramount for facilitating intergovernmental exchanges.Using the system dynamics approach,we integrated border policy factors to create the Border City Coordinated Development(BCCD-SD)model,encompassing three dimensions:Economic,Social,and Resource-Environment.Furthermore,a comprehensive evaluation indicator,the City Coordinated Development Index(CCDI),was devised.Using Lincang City in Southwest China as a case study,this article examines the trends in city development under three scenarios:Inertial Development,Rapid Development,and Green Development.The research findings demonstrate that the model adeptly captures trends in the city coordinated development indicators.Among the three scenarios,the rapid development scenario stands out,yielding the most favorable economic indicators,superior public infrastructure,and the highest employed population.However,the rapid development path,which is heavily focused on economic growth,intensifies resource and environmental pressures,giving rise to sustainability challenges.In contrast,although the green development scenario trails slightly in economic performance compared to rapid development,it fosters a larger urban population and transition of the employed population into citizens while excelling in resource and environmental aspects.Overall,the CCDI attains its highest score under the green development scenario,surpassing those of rapid and inertia development,signifying superior city development coordination along the green path.This scenario effectively combines economic growth,social progress,and resource-environment protection.This study also emphasizes the pivotal role of ports in the coordinated development of border cities and underscores the necessity of expediting the transition from a“gateway”economy to a“port+”economy.One objective of this article is to encourage border cities to serve as more effective windows to the outside world,promote regional coordination,and achieve high-quality development.

临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备研究

[目的]建立临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备方法。[方法]将筛选的临沧勐库熟茶通过干燥、粉碎、筛分、研磨、混匀、均匀性初检、分装,制备得到临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质,对均匀性和稳定性进行检验;参考食品安全国家标准,10家实验室采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对标准物质中Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb元素含量进行联合定值,评定定值结果的测量不确定度。[结果]制备得到的临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的均匀性良好,稳定性达到12个月,其中Cr、As元素的定值结果分别为(1.534±0.126)、(0.108±0.018) mg/kg。[结论]该临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质满足基体标准物质的要求,可用于普洱茶熟茶检测的质量控制。

滇西官房铜矿床微量元素R型因子分析及其地质意义研究

官房铜矿床位于我国著名的三江成矿带南澜沧江火山岩段北段,属云县-景谷(火山弧)铜多金属成矿带,是该区最具代表性的玄武岩铜矿床,储量达中型规模。对矿区内矿石的33种微量元素进行聚类分析与R型因子分析,结果显示:经过聚类分析,33种微量元素可分为基性岩元素组合、中低温矿化元素组合、中酸性岩相关元素及中高温矿化元素组合;R型因子分析得到F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)四类元素组合因子。其中,聚类分析与R型因子分析的元素分类结果基本一致,能够代表矿床的成矿过程,即成矿分为热液成矿期和中低温地下水热液改造期两个阶段,成矿流体主要来源于深部,成矿物质具有壳幔混合来源的特征,该矿床属于隐伏岩体及岩浆作用有明显成因联系的浅成中-低温热液矿床。

文化生态壁龛视角下傣族象脚鼓制作工艺的传承研究

“文化生态壁龛”指的是与宏观生态环境不同的小环境,是文化事项最亲密、最重要的空间。国家级非遗傣族象脚鼓工艺所存续的临沧市青华村就是一个傣族汉族文化并置和混生的城市生态文化空间。在地演变形成的临沧象脚鼓工艺既要保存文化传承的根脉,又要解决生产开发中“度”的问题,“文化生态壁龛”理论可以在实践中提供一个有效的思考:其一,以“文化生态壁龛”的整体关怀理念关照非遗事项;其二,文化群众与非遗事项共生共存,在文化生产性保护中,“他者”的介入应该处于“壁龛”中边缘的位域,且良性地参与其中。此外,“文化生态壁龛”理念与我国非遗保护工作中的整体性和生产性保护理念相契合,可为象脚鼓工艺的传承提供了一个新的理论视角,实现其在地的活态发展。

西南三江临沧地体澜沧岩群火山岩成因与构造意义

临沧地体是重建西南三江原特提斯构造演化的关键,但其构造属性存在争议,作为地体基底的澜沧岩群是解决该问题的关键。本文选择临沧地体澜沧岩群正层型剖面为研究对象,对其中惠民岩组的变中基性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩元素地球化学组成分析。2件钠长绿泥片岩的岩浆锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U加权平均年龄为(457±2)Ma和(455±2)Ma,指示晚奥陶世岩浆作用。岩石地球化学特征显示,22件绿泥石片岩的原岩为低K拉斑玄武岩系列,6件钠长绿泥片岩的原岩为高K钙碱-钾玄岩系列的玄武安山岩,两者都表现出大离子亲石元素的强烈富集和高场强元素的亏损,为典型弧火山岩。上述证据指示惠民岩浆弧形成于奥陶纪—志留纪期间原特提斯洋向思茅地块的俯冲消减。综合分析认为,临沧地体可能不是一个具有前寒武纪基底的独立地块,而是代表了原—古特提斯洋在思茅地块大陆边缘俯冲形成的陆缘弧地体。

大临铁路区域活动断裂地热特征与地质选线研究

大理至临沧铁路跨过澜沧江后穿行于云县—临沧花岗岩体,地形地貌和地质条件复杂,铁路长大隧道设置不可避免,工程艰巨,深大活动断裂及高地温热害控制线路方案。结合白石头隧道地质勘察,分析了区域花岗岩体的多期次叠加侵入和形成机理,以及凤庆-云县—临沧水热活动带内活动断裂、地热分布特征和地热成因,开展高原艰险山区铁路综合地质选线研究,成功避开了区域地热异常带,推荐了常温带作为隧道线路方案,经过施工验证,推荐方案合理、可行。

瓷上再现广允缅寺古壁画的创新性保护研究

云南临沧现存有多座南传上座部佛教佛寺这些佛寺大都兴建于明中期,其中部分佛寺墙壁上还留有一部分古壁画,这些古壁画的绘制风格和表现内容都显现出了浓郁的地域风格。沧源广允缅寺内的古壁画便是云南地区傣汉交融型壁画的代表之一,具有极高的研究和保护价值。由于古壁画会随时间变迁而出现发霉、脱落、褪色、变色等问题,如何让这些古代艺术留存下来已经是一个十分迫切的难题。瓷板画不易被风化腐蚀,能存在上千万年。运用陶瓷的材料特性对古壁画进行再临摹创作,是希望用另一种方式将其保存下来,同时也希望能为古壁画的保护与传承工作提供一个新方向和新思路。

临沧市魔芋产业发展现状及对策浅析

临沧市的自然条件与土地资源非常丰富,对魔芋产业的发展可以起到良好的推动作用。结合临沧市魔芋产业发展现状,根据目前常见的花魔芋、西盟魔芋、珠芽魔芋等不同的魔芋种类,提出建立健全魔芋繁种体系、加强良种繁育技术的研究和推广、重点扶持魔芋良种繁育基地建设等措施,希望为提高临沧市魔芋产业质量和产量提供参考。

临沧膏桐种植区灌木群落生物量估测模型研究

以云南省临沧市膏桐种植区的灌木为研究对象,分别以D、H及D2H作为自变量,利用幂函数方程拟合灌木的生物量模型。结果表明,幂函数方程能较好地拟合研究区灌木生物量模型,用D2H复合因子拟合的效果较好,地上部分生物量模型估测效果优于地下部分。根据模型精度检验结果,模型对研究区内总生物量的拟合效果较好,用于研究区总生物量的估测较为准确。

临沧烟区土壤肥力综合评价

为了解临沧植烟土壤养分状况,测定了临沧烟区41个土壤样本的主要养分指标。根据模糊数学原理建立了土壤肥力指标,对临沧烟区土壤肥力进行了综合评价。结果表明:(1)临沧烟区土壤养分地区差异较大,各县(区)pH、氯离子隶属度均小于0.6;(2)临沧各县(区)土壤肥力指标为中级和较高两个等级;(3)以土壤肥力指标为基础,可将临沧烟区分为3类,第?类包括双江县、临翔区、沧源县;第Ⅱ类包括耿马县、镇康县、凤庆县;第Ⅲ类包括永德县、云县。综合考虑,临沧适合烤烟种植,同时适当增施氯肥和有机肥。