Saturated absorption spectrum of cesium micrometric-thin cell with suppressed crossover spectral lines

Micrometric-thin cells(MCs)with alkali vapor atoms have been valuable for research and applications of hyperfine Zeeman splitting and atomic magnetometers under strong magnetic fields.We theoretically and experimentally study the saturated absorption spectra using a 100-μm cesium MC,where the pump and probe beams are linearly polarized with mutually perpendicular polarizations,and the magnetic field is along the pump beam.Because of the distinctive thin chamber of the MC,crossover spectral lines in saturated absorption spectra are largely suppressed leading to clear splittings of hyperfine Zeeman transitions in experiments,and the effect of spatial magnetic field gradient is expected to be reduced.A calculation method is proposed to achieve good agreements between theoretical calculations and experimental results.This method successfully explains the suppression of crossover lines in MCs,as well as the effects of magnetic field direction,propagation and polarization directions of the pump/probe beam on saturated absorption spectrum.The saturated absorption spectrum with suppressed crossover lines is used for laser frequency stabilization,which may provide the potential value of MCs for high spatial resolution strong-field magnetometry with high sensitivity.

Balmer H_α,H_β and H_γ Spectral Lines Intensities in High-Power RF Hydrogen Plasmas

Hα（Balmer-alpha）, Hβ （Balmer-beta） and Hγ （Balmer-gamma） spectral line inten- sities in atomic hydrogen plasma are investigated by using a high-power RF source. The intensities of the Hα, Hβ and Hγ spectral lines are detected by increasing the input power （0-6 kW） of ICPs （inductively coupled plasmas）. With the increase of net input power, the intensity of Hα im- proves rapidly （0-2 kW）, and then reaches its dynamic equilibrium; the intensities of Hβ can be divided into three processes： obvious increase （0-2 kW）, rapid increase （2-4 kW）, almost constant （4-6 kW）; while the intensities of Hγ increase very slowly. The energy levels of the excited hydro- gen atoms and the splitting energy levels produced by an obvious Stark effect play an important role in the results.

Measurements in Situ and Spectral Analysis of Wind Flow Effects on Overhead Transmission Lines

In the paper an important issue of vibrations of the transmission line in real conditions was analyzed.Such research was carried out by the authors of this paper taking into account the cross-section of the cable being in use on the transmission line.Analysis was performed for the modern ACSR high voltage transmission line with span of 213.0 m.The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the vibrations of the power transmission line in the natural environment and compare with the results obtained in the numerical simulations.Analysis was performed for natural and wind excited vibrations.The numerical model was made using the Spectral Element Method.In the spectral model,for various parameters of stiffness,damping and tension force,the system response was checked and compared with the results of the accelerations obtained in the situ measurements.A frequency response functions(FRF)were calculated.The credibility of the model was assessed through a validation process carried out by comparing graphical plots of FRF functions and numerical values expressing differences in acceleration amplitude(MSG),phase angle differences(PSG)and differences in acceleration and phase angle total(CSG)values.Particular attention was paid to the hysteretic damping analysis.Sensitivity of the wave number was performed for changing of the tension force and section area of the cable.The next aspect constituting the purpose of this paper was to present the wide possibilities of modelling and simulation of slender conductors using the Spectral Element Method.The obtained results show very good accuracy in the range of both experimental measurements as well as simulation analysis.The paper emphasizes the ease with which the sensitivity of the conductor and its response to changes in density of spectral mesh division,cable cross-section,tensile strength or material damping can be studied.

用于离轴积分腔输出光谱的非对称拟合算法设计

目的:研究离轴积分腔光谱技术(OA-ICOS)在实际应用中快速的激光扫描造成吸收谱线非对称,而传统的线型拟合函数无法满足,导致拟合误差大,测量精度低的问题。方法:介绍了一种基于OA-ICOS的非对称拟合算法用于拟合非对称吸收谱线,提升测量精度。该算法从OA-ICOS的原理出发分析导致谱线非对称的原因,并结合Voigt线型函数引入非对称特征,获得含非对称因子的谱线拟合函数。结果:在实验中,分别设置激光扫描频率为50 Hz、150 Hz、300 Hz时,利用Voigt拟合算法得到的吸收峰中心位置偏移量分别为4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、4.8×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、6.2×10^(-3) cm^(-1),使用非对称拟合算法得到的吸收峰位置偏移仅分别为2.4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、2.4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、1.5×10^(-3) cm^(-1)左右。结论:在快速激光扫描频率下,该算法能够更准确地拟合非对称吸收光谱信号,从而提高了拟合精度。

CELP编码器的LSF参数的量化分析

文章首先介绍了线谱对频率LSF。其次讨论了LSF参数量化方法,提出了一种较好的求取谱失真测度的方法。

LSF标量格型混合量化

为了降低线谱频率(LSF)参数矢量量化器的搜索复杂度和码字存储单元,利用格型矢量量化的优点,设计了一种适合LSF参数量化的标量格型混合量化器。该量化器对LSF参数的预测残差矢量的第一、二个参数进行标量量化,余下的参数则利用格型矢量量化,从而降低了搜索复杂度和码字存储单元,与G.729协议所使用的LSF量化技术相比,有一定的改进。

Balmer-alpha and Balmer-beta Stark line intensity profiles for high-power hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas

We compare Balmer-alpha （Ha） and Balmer-beta （Hβ） emissions from high-power （1.0-6.0 kW） hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas （ICPs）, and propose region Ⅰ （0.0-2.0 kW）, region Ⅱ （2.0-5.0 kW）, and region Ⅲ （5.0-6.0 kW）. In region Ⅰ, both Ha emission intensity （la） and Hβ emission intensity （1β） increase with radio frequency （RF） power, which is explained by the corona model and Boltzmann＇s law, etc. However, in region II, la almost remains constant while 1β rapidly achieves its maximum value. In region Ⅲ, 1α slightly increases with RF power, while 1β decreases with RF power, which deviates significantly from the theoretical explanation for the Ha and Hβ emissions in region I. It is suggested that two strong electric fields are generated in high-power （2.0-6.0 kW） hydrogen ICPs： one is due to the external electric field of high-power RF discharge, and the other one is due to the micro electric field of the ions and electrons around the exited state hydrogen atoms in ICPs. Therefore, the strong Stark effect can play an important role in explaining the experimental results.

A Study of Bilinear Models in Voice Conversion

This paper presents a voice conversion technique based on bilinear models and introduces the concept of contextual modeling. The bilinear approach reformulates the spectral envelope representation from line spectral frequencies feature to a two-factor parameterization corresponding to speaker identity and phonetic information, the so-called style and content factors. This decomposition offers a flexible representation suitable for voice conversion and facilitates the use of efficient training algorithms based on singular value decomposition. In a contextual approach (bilinear) models are trained on subsets of the training data selected on the fly at conversion time depending on the characteristics of the feature vector to be converted. The performance of bilinear models and context modeling is evaluated in objective and perceptual tests by comparison with the popular GMM-based voice conversion method for several sizes and different types of training data.

1.5μm光纤通信波段乙炔稳频激光技术研究进展

1.5μm乙炔饱和吸收谱线是国际计量委员会(CIPM)正式推荐的光纤通信波段复现‘米’定义的频率参考标准。乙炔稳频激光依据稳频方法可分为线性吸收和饱和吸收两大类,饱和吸收相比线性吸收,能够消除乙炔分子的多普勒效应,获得线宽更窄、频率稳定度和复现性更高的稳频激光,1 s频率稳定度能够达到10-13量级,波长漂移为10^(-12)量级。利用^(13)C_(2)H_(2)(ν1+ν3)P(16)谱线,研发的微型气室有望实现稳频激光的全光纤链路传播,为高度集成化、抗干扰能力强的稳频激光源提供了新的发展方向。高性能的1.5μm近红外稳频激光直接为密集波分复用系统、精密光纤传感等多个领域提供波长参考源,结合飞秒激光频率梳技术可进一步完善光纤通信中激光波长量值传递溯源体系,提升激近红外波段光波长的测量能力,为光纤波段的精密测量提供量值保障。

一种计及频率偏移的谐波与邻近间谐波估计方法

新能源大规模并网会诱导电力信号中出现关于基波/谐波对称的邻近间谐波对或单个邻近间谐波。对信号中各频率成分进行参数估计时,往往需要获知邻近间谐波的类型以构建准确的计算模型。而当电网频率偏离额定值时,频谱泄漏干扰将使该要求难以实现。为此,文中提出一种在频率偏移时依然有效的邻近间谐波类型判据及基于此判据的谐波与邻近间谐波参数估计方法。首先,通过分析频率偏移与泄漏谱线的映射关系,抑制基波与谐波的频谱泄漏以提取邻近间谐波谱线;然后,通过对比不同类型邻近间谐波的频谱差异,提出利用谱线比值作为邻近间谐波类型判据;最后,基于邻近间谐波类型信息,构建邻近间谐波谱线方程以精准估计谐波及邻近间谐波参数。文中所提方法在频率偏移时仍能准确判断邻近间谐波的类型,并能实现更精准的参数估计。仿真验证了所提方法的准确性。

混合激励线性预测语音编码标准中线谱频率量化的研究

线谱频率(Line Spectral Frequency,LSF)是线性预测频谱系数(Linear Predication Coefficient,LPC)有效的编码形式。语音线性预测模型中,LPC反映了声道调制的模型,是影响语音听觉感知重要的参数之一。在混合激励线性预测语音编码(Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction,MELP)标准中,对LSF采用4级码本进行分级式矢量量化。首先,为减少其量化冗余度以降低编码速率,本文提出了一种改进的选择算法,生成了一个2级码本替换之。其次,为提高合成语音质量,依据LSF矢量量化的精度与合成语音质量的关系的实验结果,提出根据人耳听觉感知特性进行LSF量化和评价的方法,并予以实验证明。

激光脉冲重复频率对等离子体辐射特性的影响

为了提高激光诱导击穿光谱质量,采用Nd∶YAG激光器输出的纳秒脉冲激光激发产生土壤等离子体,采用光栅光谱仪和光电检测系统记录了元素谱线AlⅠ394.401nm,BaⅠ455.403nm,FeⅠ430.791nm和TiⅠ498.173nm的辐射强度和信背比,研究了激光脉冲重复频率(5,10和15Hz)对等离子体辐射特性的影响。实验结果表明,在相同的激光输出能量条件下,当采用15Hz的激光脉冲重复频率时,元素Al,Ba,Fe和Ti的谱线强度要比5Hz时的分别提高50.94%,112.7%,107.46%和99.38%,光谱信背比分别提高15.16%,24.08%,40.26%和72.06%。通过测量等离子体参数,解释了激光脉冲重复频率对等离子体辐射特性的影响机理。

充液管路低频线谱噪声有源控制试验研究

[目的]充液管路系统的管口辐射噪声是舰船管路噪声控制的重点,具有较高能量的低频线谱噪声更是亟需得到进一步的抑制。[方法]针对充液管路低频线谱噪声问题,设计一套有源消声系统并进行试验验证。该系统由次级声源、控制器、功率放大器和传感器等构成。采用频率追踪算法对线谱频率进行估计,使用谐频自适应控制算法设计控制滤波器。建立泵水循环管路试验系统,开展固定线谱、移动线谱、多线谱噪声有源控制试验,验证有源消声系统的降噪性能。[结果]试验结果表明,该系统可自动跟踪线谱频率,实现移动频率的线谱噪声控制,能够同时控制多根线谱噪声,在管外取得8 dB以上的降噪效果且系统具有较好的鲁棒性。[结论]所得结果可为舰船管路系统低频线谱噪声控制提供可行的方案。

基于插值线性调频Z变换的间谐波分析方法

为获得准确的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,文章提出了基于插值线性调频Z变换(chirp Z transform,CZT)的间谐波分析方法。该方法通过CZT变换获得精确的等价于离散傅里叶变换结果的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,利用基于Rife-Vincent Ⅲ窗的双谱线插值修正公式修正上述估计结果,得到了较精确的各次谐波和间谐波参数。仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,与现有方法的比较结果表明,相同采样频率下该方法的检测精度更高。

线谱频率及差分线谱频率参数相关性分析

根据英语/汉语男女声线谱频率(LSF)参数及差分LSF参数帧内相关性统计结果,提出适合于LSF参数及差分LSF参数的分裂矢量量化(SVQ)分组方案。实验表明,在不考虑码书大小的情况下使用SVQ量化10阶LSF参数时,(4,6)分组的量化效果较优,否则(4,2,4)或(4,4,2)分组的量化效果较优。通过相关程度分布表清晰表明,至少68%的差分LSF参数在帧内呈微相关,有效减少了LSF参数的帧内冗余信息。随后采用DSQ和多种分组的EEDSVQ对差分LSF参数进行量化,结果表明差分LSF的量化性能优于LSF参数的量化性能。在语音编码中,采用差分LSF参数代替LSF参数作为模型参数,可在保持相同语音质量的情况下进一步降低编码速率。

一种低速率多模MBE线性预测语音编解码器

提出了一种多模多带激励(MBE)线性预测语音编解码器,与MBE编解码器相比在两个方面有所改进:一是在频谱幅度估计中结合了线性预测的方法,幅度的线性预测结果用线谱频率(LSF)来表示并量化,解决了原系统频谱幅度量化中维数变化的问题;二是在清/浊音判决中,固定每帧中子带的个数,划分不同的清/浊音判决模式,在各种清/浊音判决模式下,根据LSF不同的统计特性,用不同的码本对LSF矢量进行量化,提高了量化的质量.仿真结果显示,合成语音可懂度高,时域语音波形图及语谱图都拟合较好.

基于Kaiser自卷积窗的相位比较式输电线路故障定位方法

长距离输电线路对地分布电容引起电流行波畸变,不利于行波初始时刻的准确标定,并且弧垂因素的累积加大了定位误差。为缩短行波双端间距,保证在基频波动环境下可靠定位,提高故障定位精度,提出一种基于Kaiser自卷积窗FFT相位比较式输电线路故障定位方法。该方法设置多个电流测量点,采用FFT程序求解电流故障分量的相位,比较相邻测点的相位差以判别故障区段;利用Kaiser自卷积窗优良可调的旁瓣特性,充分抑制FFT相位求解时的频谱泄漏效应,提高了相位比较的可靠性。理论分析了产生相位频谱泄漏的原因,阐述了Kaiser自卷积窗的旁瓣特性,最后通过仿真验证所提方法的正确性。结果表明方法可有效抑制频谱泄漏,相位比较可靠性高,基频波动下仍能可靠定位。

基于胞腔均匀度的清浊模式码书设计算法

清音和浊音线谱频率(LSF)参数分布具有差异性。为了提高声码器中LSF参数的量化性能,利用胞腔均匀度(CE)能定量表征清浊音LSF参数分布的差异程度,提出了一种基于CE的清浊模式码书设计算法。该算法首先根据CE推导出清音和浊音参与训练的LSF参数的数量比;然后剔除清音中指定数量的非典型LSF参数;最后重新训练出码书。实验结果表明,在相同码率情况下,该算法较码书共享算法谱失真降低2.5%,平均意见得分提高了2.3%,码书存储量下降了21.1%,并且适用于不传输清浊音标志的声码器。

上海天文台65米射电望远镜谱线观测及数据校准

谱线观测是上海天文台65 m射电望远镜的主要观测手段之一,在和美国国家射电天文台联合研制脉冲星和谱线观测终端的基础上,开发了观测控制软件,设计了流量定标的硬件和软件,开发了频率校准程序。经过大量的观测测试,证明观测和数据校准系统的有效性,并于2015年下半年对国内用户开放,取得了大量的观测结果。详细介绍本终端的组成和功能,观测控制软件的流程,结合观测数据介绍流量定标和频率校准的处理方法和结果,并给出下一步的工作计划。

High-level Stark Effect and Spectrum of Spherical Nanometer System

In the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction energy, the law of split-level of high-level Stark effect of spherical nanometer system is explored as well as the frequency of spectrum, intensity and size effect of coefficient of spontaneous radiation. Taking three layers CdS/HgS spherical nanometer system as an example, the influence of the electric field and layer-to- layer interaction energy is explored on Stark effect and spectrum. The results show that in the Stark effect system, the energy level is split based on 1, 3, ..., （2n-1）, when it is in the electric field only, similar to the hydrogen atoms; and in the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction, it is split based on 1, 4, ~ -., n2; with the quantum transition, the frequency of the spectrum decreases with the increasing size of the system; apart from a few spectral lines, the intensity of most spectral lines will decreased as the size increases; while the coefficient of spontaneous radiation will increase with the increasing size; the electric field will cause the changes of spectrum frequency; its spectrum frequency shift is proportional to the square of the electric field intensity; apart from a few spectral lines, the frequency shift of spectral lines that is caused by the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction will decrease as the size increases; the interaction will make the level of electronic energy level lower slightly （the order of magnitude is between 10-7-10-9 eV）, the slightly increased spectrum intensity and the slightly increased value of coefficient of spontaneous radiation, but it will not influence the frequency of spectrum, intensity, and the trend that coefficient of spontaneous radiation changes with the size; when the size is smaller, the layer-to-layer interaction effect will be significant.