Effect of cooling rate on solidification structure and linear contraction of a duplex stainless steel

Cooling rate is a key factor that can drastically affect the phase transformation and thermal stress of duplex stainless steels. Therefore, in this research, different sand moulds were used to explore the influence of cooling rate on the solidification of the 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The macro and micro structures of the 2304 DSS were investigated. Small equiaxed grains are obtained in chromite sand mould sample with a lower pouring temperature and a higher cooling rate, whereas coarse columnar and equiaxed grains are found in silica sand and refractory powder mould samples. The size of austenite phase is significantly increased with decreasing cooling rate, while the ferrite phase content ranging from 51.6% to 53.9% does not change obviously. In addition, the linear contraction of the 2304 DSS decreases from 2.34% to 1.09% when the mean cooling rate above 1,173 K increases from 0.99 K·s-1 to 3.66 K·s-1.

Correlation between Stigma Characteristics and Outcrossing Rate of Five Photo-thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile(PTGMS) Rice Lines

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between stigma characteristics and outcrossing rate of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice lines. [Method] The stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality of Chuang 5S, Yun 9S, Peiai 64 S, P88 S and Y58 S were analyzed. Using R608 as a male parent, outcrossing rate of these five PTGMS lines was determined. [Result]There were differences in stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality among five PTGMS lines. P88 S exhibited the best stigma characteristics and relatively strong stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 95.94%, stigma vitality coefficient of 2.71, outcrossing rate of 84.02% in the field. Peiai 64 s had the minimum stigma length（2.41 mm） and stigma width（1.10 mm） and the weakest stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 93.04%, outcrossing rate of 65.47%. Yun 9S,Y58 S and Chuang 5S displayed medium stigma characteristics, among which Yun9 S exhibited higher outcrossing rate than other two PTGMS lines. Correlation analysis showed that stigma exsertion rate, stigma length, stigma width, stigma area and stigma volume were significantly correlated to outcrossing rate（P〈0.05）, with correlation coefficients of 0.897, 0.934, 0.934, 0.939 and 0.937, respectively. However,there was no significant correlation between stigma vitality coefficient and outcrossing rate. [Conclusion] Based on stigma characteristics of five PTGMS lines, auxiliary pollination measures should be adopted reasonably to save production costs and improve hybrid rice seed yield.

Breeding and Utilization of Japonicalinous CMS Line Chunjiang 19A with Wide Compatibility and High Outcrossing Rate

[Objective] To breed and utilize the japonicalinous cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line Chunjiang 19A with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Method] Cbunjiang 16A was used as the female parent to cross with Indica-Japonica crossing material B125, which was used as male parent. Backcross breeding was contin- ued for consecutive generations to breed the CMS lines with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Result] Chunjiang 19A is a late medium Japonica CMS line with good fertility stability. The proportion of sterile plants and pollen abortion rates are 100% and the Cheng＇s index is 14. It is the japonicalinous CMS line with early flowering, partial stigma exsertion, high outcrossing rate, wide compatibility, high re- sistance to stripe disease and good combining ability. The hybrid rice combinations originated from Chunjiang 19A have strong tUlering ability, dominant heterosis, high resistance to stripe disease, great yield potential and good color change at mature stage. [Conclusion] The successful breeding of Chunjiang 19A laid good foundation for the breeding of Japonica hybrid rice and Indica-Japonica hybrid rice combinations with high seed production and dominant heterosis, showing a promising application prospect.

Effect of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Seed Setting Rate and 1 000-grain Weight of Indica Hybrid Rice Restorer Lines

[Objective] This study was to investigate the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of hybrid rice combinations. [Method] The seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of 10 new sterile indica restorer lines planted in pots under enhanced UV-B radiation and fluorescent lamps （control） were respectively measured, and the differences were compared. [Result] The enhanced UV-B radiation significantly reduced the seed setting rate of indica restorer lines, and the differences between that UV-B radiation treatment and control all reached extremely significant level. In addition, the enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the 1 000-grain weight of most indica restorer lines, and compared with that of control the difference achieved significant or very significant level. However, the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight differed to different indica restorer lines, and the differences among restorer lines tested were significant or very significant, which indicated the possibility to screen antiUV-B radiation rice materials and combinations. Finally, the indica restorer lines 09R-14, Luhui 37 and 10R-7703 which were strongly resistant to UV-B radiation were screened out. [Conclusion] This study laid foundation for breeding hybrid rice varieties resistance to UV-B radiation.

Translating new data to the daily practice in second line treatment of renal cell carcinoma:The role of tumor growth rate

The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncommon to see patients surviving kidney cancer for more than four to five years. Once treatment fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head comparisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus are more effective than everolimus alone and that axitinib is more active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data comparing the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolumab. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biomarkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm recommendation about the optimal sequence of treatment in the second line. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to make decisions for an individual patient, such as the tumor burden, the expected response rate and the time to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent administered, the toxicity profile of the different compounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tumor-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatment as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatment reflects the variability between patients in terms of tumor growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate marker of tumor aggressiveness that may guide treatment decisions.

The Rate of Decline and Trend Line Analysis of Groundwater underneath Dhaka and Gazipur City

Groundwater is reported to account for 87% of all drinking water resources in Dhaka which has suffered a decline of up to 75 m in some specific location. Over-extraction of groundwater is an extensive social problem in Dhaka and Gazipur city which needs to be investigating thoroughly. This study presents the diagnosis of groundwater depletion pattern and the yearly rate of decline over the last three decades for Dhaka and Gazipur metropolitan area. Groundwater data were collected from the relevant institutions in order to analyse the trend line and the rate of decline of groundwater levels for more than 30 years period to understand the long-time variability. Ten individual stations datasets for GWL have been analyzed for Dhaka and Gazipur within a selected reference time period (1980-2012). The highest depleted GWL were found in the Mirpur station which is now 68 m below ground. To find out the time span when the depletion rate is highest, the rate of decline of all datasets has been computed which shows that 1998-2005 is the consecutive eight years time span with the fastest depletion rate. On the other hand, the annual trend-line analysis shows rapid depletion pattern after the year 2000.

Foetal heart rate variability frequency characteristics with respect to uterine contractions

Monitoring foetal health is important to appropriately plan pregnancy management and delivery. Cardiotocography (CTG) is one of the most employed diagnostic techniques. Because CTG interpretation still lacks of complete reliability, new methods of interpretation and parameters are necessary to further support physicians’ decisions. To this aim, indexes related to variability of foetal heart rate (FHRV) are particularly studied. Frequency components of FHRV and their modifications can be analysed by applying a time-frequency approach, which allows for a distinct understanding of the spectral components related to foetal reactions to internal and external stimuli and their change over time. Being uterine contractions (UC) strong stimuli for the foetus and his autonomic nervous system (ANS), it is worth exploring the FHRV response to UC. This study analysed modifications of FHRV frequency characteristics with respect to 108 UC (relative to 35 healthy foetuses). Results showed a statistically significant (t-test, p < 0.01) power increase of the FHRV in both LF and HF bands in correspondence of the contractions. Moreover, we observed a shift to higher values of the maximum frequency contained in the signal corresponding to the power increase. Such modifications of the FHRV power spectrum can be a sign of ANS reaction and therefore represent additional, objective information about foetal reactivity and health during labour.

Variation of rate of exserted stigma in P(T) GMS lines of rice

Rate of exserted stigmas (RES), ie. the ratio of glumes with exserted stigmas to the total glumes is one of the most important characteristics which affects the out-crossing rate of its combinations. Sixteen P(T) GMS lines with different ecotypes were used to study the variations of RES during their stable sterile period in Wuhan from 1992—1993. Ten healthy panicles were randomly selected at full anthesis. Their colour and the number of glumes showing one-side or two-side exserted of stigmas were investigated. Table 1 showed that there were a great variations of RES among the 16 lines tested in two consecutive years (c.v.=43.38%) and among the

基于集成树和MoE的馈线统计线损率双层估计模型

统计线损率是衡量电力系统经济运行的重要指标。然而,用户用电数据采集异常、数据传输中断等因素会导致统计线损率异常或缺失,这严重阻碍了智能配电网的线损精益化管理与经济高效运行。针对馈线统计线损率合理值的估计问题,该文提出了一种基于集成树和混合专家系统(MoE)的馈线统计线损率双层估计模型。首先,使用最大信息系数以更有效地分析统计线损率与其相关特征间的非线性关系,并采用鲁棒性强的K-Medoids聚类算法对馈线进行精细划分;然后,使用Stacking集成学习框架,基于基估计和元估计双层模型对馈线统计线损率进行两阶段估计,选用决策树和各类集成树模型作为基估计模型对统计线损率进行初步估计,将各基估计模型输出结果输入元估计模型MoE中进行最终估计,使用方均根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)来衡量模型所估计统计线损率的合理性;最后,通过算例分析表明,与其他模型相比,该文所提馈线统计线损率双层估计模型具有更低的RMSE和MAE,对馈线统计线损率的估计效果更好。

一种改进的概率霍夫直线检测算法

针对概率霍夫直线检测算法检测速率不高、检测精度易受其他特征和连续间断线干扰的缺点,提出了一种改进的概率霍夫直线检测算法。改进后的算法将注意力集中在直线可能存在的若干个区间,提升了检测速率与精度,在直线检测全过程监控并剔除连续间断线,提升了算法的抗干扰能力。经过100组铝锭边缘线检测的实验验证,改进后算法相较原算法平均检测速率提升至1.77倍,查准率提升至1.45倍,且改进后算法在其他图片上的检测速率和检测效果相较原算法也有明显提升。

嵌入治理的激励与培养:乡镇人事结构再生产机制研究

乡镇人事结构是乡镇治理的深层基础。面对乡镇的一线治理场景,行政包干的人事整合机制具有社会激励与团队培养的效应,赋予乡镇人事结构以灵活性。而人事分流拓展了乡镇干部激励与培养的空间,且维系了人事结构的稳定性和公共性。乡镇人事结构再生产嵌入一线治理场景,实现了激励、培养与治理的统一,从而适应了乡镇治理的现实需要。乡镇机构改革须立足乡镇治理情境,在推进乡镇治理机制创新时注重发挥乡镇干部的主体性和能动性,优化乡镇人事结构,激发乡镇治理活力。

前交叉韧带重建后肌肉等长发力率及与功能表现的关系

背景:前交叉韧带重建后肌肉功能的恢复通常评估肌肉的最大力量,最近的研究认为还应考虑神经肌肉功能,比如肌肉等长发力率,即在肌肉等长收缩条件下测量不同时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率。目的:阐述前交叉韧带重建后患者肌肉等长发力率的研究现状与不足,分析术后不同时间内股四头肌和腘绳肌等长发力率的缺陷程度;等长发力率对术后患者功能表现的影响,为优化前交叉韧带重建后康复、减少患者二次损伤以及降低膝骨关节炎发生率提供重要信息。方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方和PubMed数据库,以“前交叉韧带,发力率”为中文检索词,以“anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development,rate of torque development”为英文检索词,按照纳入和排除标准最终纳入69篇文献。结果与结论:(1)大多数研究发现前交叉韧带重建后半年内患者双侧肌肉等长发力率存在缺陷,双侧腘绳肌早期等长发力率(即肌肉收缩100 ms时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率)在半年后有显著改善,但双侧股四头肌早期等长发力率长期缺陷,表明术后股四头肌神经肌肉功能长期受损。(2)有关晚期等长发力率(肌肉收缩100 ms后时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率)的相关研究较少,无法得出确切结论。(3)关于着陆运动(跳跃落地和侧切等)和日常生活活动(走、跑),股四头肌早期等长发力率比等长峰值力矩相关性更强,运动过程中生物力学的异常改变被认为是患者二次损伤以及创伤性膝骨关节炎发生的重要风险因素,积极改善股四头肌早期等长发力率可能会降低二次损伤以及创伤性膝骨关节炎的发生率。(4)目前仅有很少的证据表明,全身振动训练能改善前交叉韧带重建后患者股四头肌早期等长发力率,建议今后在术后早期阶段应用神经肌肉电刺激干预股四头肌和腘绳肌,而在术后晚期阶段实施爆发力、高阻力训练,这可能会改善患者等长发力率。(5)短时间产生足够的肌肉力量才能有效保护前交叉韧带,而腘绳肌等长发力率与功能表现的关系尚不清楚,这可能会提供有关预防患者二次损伤的信息。(6)作者建议将等长发力率作为指导康复以及恢复运动的评估指标之一,除了关注对称性的改善以及与正常人的差异,还要考虑腘绳肌与股四头肌力量的比值,合适的比值范围才能保证肌肉快速发力时的平衡,这可能会降低再次损伤的发生,但比值的正常范围尚不清楚。(7)未来研究要考虑移植物类型和膝关节屈曲角度对等长发力率的影响,以尽可能找出患者存在的神经肌肉功能障碍,帮助患者更好地康复。

特发性室性早搏经射频消融后自主神经系统活性的变化

目的射频导管消融术(RFCA)是特发性室性早搏(IPVC)的标准治疗方法。本研究旨在确定低、中、高负荷量的患者在RFCA术前术后的自主神经系统(ANS)活动。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月共200例特发性室性早搏行射频消融手术的患者。在200例患者中,179例(89.5%)手术消融成功。将消融成功的患者分为低负荷组(负荷量≤15%)、中负荷组(负荷量15%~25%)和高负荷组(负荷量≥25%)。评估不同负荷和不同消融部位患者的临床数据、心率变异性(HRV)各参数、窦性心率震荡(HRT)及心率减速力(DC)。结果高负荷组的平均心率、5 min均值标准差(SDANN)、正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)指数、逐次R-R区间差异均方根(rMSSD)、相邻RR间期差值超过50 ms的RR间期所占百分数(pNN50)高于低负荷组,而低频功率(LF)/高频功率(HF)之比低于低负荷组。消融后,SDNN、SDNN指数、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50、震荡斜率(TS)和DC显著降低(P<0.01),LF/HF和震荡初始(TO)显著升高(P<0.01)。术前早搏负荷与左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、平均心率、SDNN指数、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50呈正相关,与总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、LF/HF呈负相关。回归分析显示,特发性室性早搏负荷与平均心率(P<0.01)、SDANN(P<0.01)和rMSSD(P<0.01)呈正相关。结论随特发性室性早搏负荷增加,交感神经和迷走神经活动增强,并以交感神经活性增强为主。特发性室性早搏的发生可能与自主神经平衡调节受损有关。射频消融术可降低交感神经和迷走神经活性。

氢闸流管驱动三同轴电缆Blumlein线的kHz重频脉冲功率源

闪光X射线摄影技术在军事和民用等多个领域具有重要场景。针对重频直线感应加速器高重频的要求,提出了基于氢闸流管驱动三同轴电缆Blumlein线的脉冲功率源方案,设计和研制了一种三同轴电缆,研究了氢闸流管的导通特性,搭建了氢闸流管驱动三同轴电缆Blumlein线脉冲功率源的验证平台,开展了kHz重频脉冲功率源实验研究,以及kHz重频脉冲功率源驱动重频感应腔的实验研究,结果表明:基于氢闸流管驱动三同轴电缆Blumlein线脉冲功率源实现了波形品质优异的kHz重频方波脉冲输出。

工程总承包项目合同类型与计价方式协同研究——基于项目治理的视角

合同类型是建设项目治理研究的关键维度,影响着项目风险分配和激励强度。不同类型合同匹配相适应的计价方式,是防范工程结算争议的前提条件。首先系统总结合同类型与计价方式的理论和实践现状,剖析两者割裂的深层次原因;其次,提出区分项目投资来源、不同管理需求和相关主体成熟度选择适用的合同类型,在此基础上,通过对费率计价和项目清单计价的特点、适用性进行分析,明确各费用项目采用不同计价类型时与之相协同的计价方式;最后,基于项目治理的视角提出合同类型与计价方式协同实践的三项优化建议。

基于标准火灾曲线和热释放率的衬砌温度分布数值计算研究

为探明火灾下衬砌温度的分布特性,基于隧道火灾-衬砌辐射对流传热数学模型建立了衬砌温度数值计算方法,并对HC标准火灾曲线和30 MW火灾热释放率火灾工况进行计算分析。结果表明,标准火灾曲线最高温度普遍大于目前我国规范的要求。采用火灾温度作为衬砌壁面边界条件将显著增大衬砌温度荷载,2小时HC火灾曲线和30 MW火灾工况衬砌最高温度分别为778℃和351℃。标准火灾曲线工况衬砌内部的高温影响范围和高温值均显著大于30 MW火灾工况。

基于AL-BILSTMDN的输电线动态热极限概率预测

针对输电线动态热极限概率预测精度不足的问题,提出一种基于交替学习-双向长短时混合密度网络模型的动态热极限概率预测方法。该模型基于双向长短时混合密度网络抓取训练数据时序信息并实现动态热极限概率预测。同时,使用交替学习方法对时序数据集中的复杂模式数据进行强化学习,即区分出训练集中具有较为复杂模式的部分,让复杂模式训练集和全部训练集在模型中交替迭代直至最优,从而解决不平衡数据集混叠造成的局部最优问题。通过辽宁省某地区实例分析显示,所提模型可提升预测精度、降低过载概率。

PVA-ECC材料抗压强度及收缩性的时变规律研究

PVA-ECC材料的长期力学性能对港口工程结构加固修复至关重要。通过PVA-ECC材料不同龄期试块的抗压强度试验和收缩性试验对其宏观力学特性的时变规律进行了研究。研究表明,2%PVA掺量的PVA-ECC材料的流动性差,其在港口水工结构加固工程中的适用性有待进一步研究。通过抗压强度试验可知,随着龄期的增加,1.5%PVA掺量和1.8%PVA掺量的试块抗压强度呈现抛物线上升的趋势,经180d养护后的试块抗压强度分别达到69.4 MPa和76.1 MPa,是C40混凝土试块强度的1.5倍和1.6倍,从抗压强度分析,两者均满足加固工程的强度要求。根据材料收缩性对比试验可知,随着龄期的增加,三种试块的收缩率在0~28 d期间变化剧烈,在28d后变化均趋于平缓,不同PVA掺量的试块收缩率均大于C40混凝土试块,而1.5%PVA掺量的试块与C40混凝土试块收缩率更接近。鉴于1.5%PVA掺量的PVA-ECC材料流动性更能适应沿海港工结构加固的现场施工,同时,其收缩率与混凝土收缩率接近,且抗压强度足够高,因此,在港口工程结构加固修复中,推荐采用1.5%PVA掺量的PVA-ECC材料。同时,基于试验数据拟合得到了适合不同配比、不同龄期PVA-ECC材料的立方体抗压强度计算公式,可用于PVA-ECC材料的强度预测。

一种监测母线槽的无线传感器信号采样策略

母线槽信号包含大量平稳信号和部分突发情况信号,完整准确地采集其信号能够保证母线槽的稳定运行。保持高上传率可准确地采集到信号,但功耗过大,降低设备使用寿命。文章提出一种适用母线槽信号的无线传感器节点近似采样策略(approximate sampling method,ASM),通过分析所采数据的相对变化程度及变化趋势捕捉完整突发情况信号,水塘抽样算法剔除部分无效平稳数据,完整准确地上传母线槽状态趋势信号。通过Matlab仿真表明ASM采样策略相比于SOD(send-on-delta)、无线传感器节点动态采样策略(dynamic sampling internal,DSI),无效采样率、变化偏移量更小,降低了能耗且保证了采样信号完整。

计及邻近线路架设方向和屏蔽影响的密集输电通道防雷性能仿真分析

在调研了输电线路防雷设计的研究现状后,针对考虑密集输电通道中线路间屏蔽作用的绕击跳闸率计算问题提出了改进的电气几何模型法并验证其可行性,主要包括了计算思路的优化和地面倾角处理方式的修正。基于所提出的计算方法,针对3条输电线路并行工况进行了计算和规律分析,发现对线路间屏蔽效果占主导作用的为相邻线路,且屏蔽作用的强弱并非随线路间距线性变化,而是存在一个快速变化的区间范围。在此基础上,提出了考虑实际中线路走向和弧垂的线路间距和对地高度计算方法,基于所提出的方法对实际工程进行了计算,证明了方法的可行性,对输电线路的防雷改造具有一定的指导作用。