A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was iden...A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was identified in a BC3F8 population derived from a cross of Nipponbare as the recipient with Xihui 18 as the donor parent. Z1364 carried three substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. The mean substitution length was 1.19 Mb. Of 17 QTL identified on the substitution segments, qSP1 for spikelets per panicle, qSSD1 for seed-set density, and qNSB1 for number of secondary branches explained respectively 57.34%, 87.7%, and 49.44% of the corresponding phenotypic variance and were all linked to RM6777. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased kernel number in Z1364 was inherited recessively by a single gene. By fine mapping, qSP1 was delimited to a 50-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Based on DNA sequence, a previously uncharacterized rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AT4G32551 was identified as a candidate gene for qSP1 in which mutation increases the number of spikelets and kernels in Z1364. qSP1 was expressed in all tissues, but particularly in 1-cm panicles. The expression levels of OsMADS22, GN1A, and DST were upregulated and those of LAX2, GNP1, and GHD7 were downregulated in Nipponbare. These results provide a foundation for functional research on qSP1.展开更多
The amount of molecular marker information has considerable impact on the results of studies of crop germplasm genetic relationships in crop. The number of alleles required to reveal genetic relationship in maize inbr...The amount of molecular marker information has considerable impact on the results of studies of crop germplasm genetic relationships in crop. The number of alleles required to reveal genetic relationship in maize inbred lines is a theoretical issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, 112 pairs of SSR （simple sequence repeat） primers and 97 maize inbred lines were selected to study the relationship between the number of inbred lines and the number of SSR primers and alleles required for a stable cluster. The results showed that the number of SSR primers is not tightly associated with the stability of the cluster analysis results, while an increase in the number of alleles can significantly improve the stability of cluster analysis results. The number of inbred lines （X） is significantly associated with the number of alleles required for stable cluster analysis （Y）, and the regression equation is Y- 600.8xe（-15.9/x）. This equation can be used to calculate the number of SSR alleles required for a genetic relationship study of maize inbred lines. These results provide a reference for determining of SSR alleles number in genetic relationship analysis of maize inbred line and other crop germplasm.展开更多
Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical metho...Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.展开更多
Hexaploid triticale(×Triticosecale,AABBRR)is an important forage crop and a promising energy plant.Transferring D-genome chromosomes or segments from common wheat(Triticum aestivum)into hexaploid triticale is att...Hexaploid triticale(×Triticosecale,AABBRR)is an important forage crop and a promising energy plant.Transferring D-genome chromosomes or segments from common wheat(Triticum aestivum)into hexaploid triticale is attractive in improving its economically important traits.Here,a hexaploid triticale 6D(6A)substitution line Lin 456 derived from the cross between the octoploid triticale line H400 and the hexaploid wheat Lin 56 was identified and analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and molecular markers.The GISH analysis showed that Lin 456 is a hexaploid triticalewith 14 rye(Secale cereale)chromosomes and 28 wheat chromosomes,whereas non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization(ND-FISH)and molecular marker analysis revealed that it is a 6D(6A)substitution line.In contrast to previous studies,the signal of Oligo-pSc119.2 was observed at the distal end of 6DL in Lin 456.The wheat chromosome 6D was associatedwith increased grain weight and decreased spikelet number using the genotypic data combined with the phenotypes of the F2 population in the three environments.The thousand-grain weight and grain width in the substitution individuals were significantly higher than those in the non-substitution individuals in the F2 population across the three environments.We propose that the hexaploid triticale 6D(6A)substitution line Lin 456 can be a valuable and promising donor stock for genetic improvement during triticale breeding.展开更多
Tiller is one of the most important agronomic traits which influences quantity and quality of effective panicles and finally influences yield in rice. It is important to understand ＂static＂ and ＂dynamic＂ informati...Tiller is one of the most important agronomic traits which influences quantity and quality of effective panicles and finally influences yield in rice. It is important to understand ＂static＂ and ＂dynamic＂ information of the QTLs for tillers in rice. This work was the first time to simultaneously map unconditional and conditional QTLs for tiller numbers at various stages by using single segment substitution lines in rice. Fourteen QTLs for tiller number, distributing on the corresponding substitution segments of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were detected. Both the number and the effect of the QTLs for tiller number were various at different stages, from 6 to 9 in the number and from 1.49 to 3.49 in the effect, respectively. Tiller number QTLs expressed in a time order, mainly detected at three stages of 0-7 d, 14-21 d and 35-42 d after transplanting with 6 positive, 9 random and 6 negative expressing QTLs, respectively. Each of the QTLs expressed one time at least during the whole duration of rice. The tiller number at a specific stage was determined by sum of QTL effects estimated by the unconditional method, while the increasing or decreasing number in a given time interval was controlled by the total of QTL effects estimated by the conditional method. These results demonstrated that it is highly effective and accurate for mapping of the QTLs by using single segment substitution lines and the conditional analysis methodology.展开更多
Background and Objective It has been proven that copy number gain/or loss (copy number variation CNV) in uences gene expression and result in phenotypic variation by
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetabl...Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research Plan Project (2017YFD0101107)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Special Project (cstc2016shmsztzx0032)the Southwest University Innovation Team Project (XDJK2017A004)
文摘A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was identified in a BC3F8 population derived from a cross of Nipponbare as the recipient with Xihui 18 as the donor parent. Z1364 carried three substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. The mean substitution length was 1.19 Mb. Of 17 QTL identified on the substitution segments, qSP1 for spikelets per panicle, qSSD1 for seed-set density, and qNSB1 for number of secondary branches explained respectively 57.34%, 87.7%, and 49.44% of the corresponding phenotypic variance and were all linked to RM6777. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased kernel number in Z1364 was inherited recessively by a single gene. By fine mapping, qSP1 was delimited to a 50-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Based on DNA sequence, a previously uncharacterized rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AT4G32551 was identified as a candidate gene for qSP1 in which mutation increases the number of spikelets and kernels in Z1364. qSP1 was expressed in all tissues, but particularly in 1-cm panicles. The expression levels of OsMADS22, GN1A, and DST were upregulated and those of LAX2, GNP1, and GHD7 were downregulated in Nipponbare. These results provide a foundation for functional research on qSP1.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Y2007D52)the Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province (2008 No.6)
文摘The amount of molecular marker information has considerable impact on the results of studies of crop germplasm genetic relationships in crop. The number of alleles required to reveal genetic relationship in maize inbred lines is a theoretical issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, 112 pairs of SSR （simple sequence repeat） primers and 97 maize inbred lines were selected to study the relationship between the number of inbred lines and the number of SSR primers and alleles required for a stable cluster. The results showed that the number of SSR primers is not tightly associated with the stability of the cluster analysis results, while an increase in the number of alleles can significantly improve the stability of cluster analysis results. The number of inbred lines （X） is significantly associated with the number of alleles required for stable cluster analysis （Y）, and the regression equation is Y- 600.8xe（-15.9/x）. This equation can be used to calculate the number of SSR alleles required for a genetic relationship study of maize inbred lines. These results provide a reference for determining of SSR alleles number in genetic relationship analysis of maize inbred line and other crop germplasm.
文摘Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91435204)the Science and Technology Independent Innovation Ability Upgrading Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2017ZZCX-23)
文摘Hexaploid triticale(×Triticosecale,AABBRR)is an important forage crop and a promising energy plant.Transferring D-genome chromosomes or segments from common wheat(Triticum aestivum)into hexaploid triticale is attractive in improving its economically important traits.Here,a hexaploid triticale 6D(6A)substitution line Lin 456 derived from the cross between the octoploid triticale line H400 and the hexaploid wheat Lin 56 was identified and analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and molecular markers.The GISH analysis showed that Lin 456 is a hexaploid triticalewith 14 rye(Secale cereale)chromosomes and 28 wheat chromosomes,whereas non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization(ND-FISH)and molecular marker analysis revealed that it is a 6D(6A)substitution line.In contrast to previous studies,the signal of Oligo-pSc119.2 was observed at the distal end of 6DL in Lin 456.The wheat chromosome 6D was associatedwith increased grain weight and decreased spikelet number using the genotypic data combined with the phenotypes of the F2 population in the three environments.The thousand-grain weight and grain width in the substitution individuals were significantly higher than those in the non-substitution individuals in the F2 population across the three environments.We propose that the hexaploid triticale 6D(6A)substitution line Lin 456 can be a valuable and promising donor stock for genetic improvement during triticale breeding.
基金supported by the grants from the National.Basic Research Program of China(2006CB 101700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30330370).
文摘Tiller is one of the most important agronomic traits which influences quantity and quality of effective panicles and finally influences yield in rice. It is important to understand ＂static＂ and ＂dynamic＂ information of the QTLs for tillers in rice. This work was the first time to simultaneously map unconditional and conditional QTLs for tiller numbers at various stages by using single segment substitution lines in rice. Fourteen QTLs for tiller number, distributing on the corresponding substitution segments of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were detected. Both the number and the effect of the QTLs for tiller number were various at different stages, from 6 to 9 in the number and from 1.49 to 3.49 in the effect, respectively. Tiller number QTLs expressed in a time order, mainly detected at three stages of 0-7 d, 14-21 d and 35-42 d after transplanting with 6 positive, 9 random and 6 negative expressing QTLs, respectively. Each of the QTLs expressed one time at least during the whole duration of rice. The tiller number at a specific stage was determined by sum of QTL effects estimated by the unconditional method, while the increasing or decreasing number in a given time interval was controlled by the total of QTL effects estimated by the conditional method. These results demonstrated that it is highly effective and accurate for mapping of the QTLs by using single segment substitution lines and the conditional analysis methodology.
基金supported by a grant from the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (to Qinghua ZHOU)(No. 30430300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (to Qinghua ZHOU)(No. 30670922)INTERNATION Scienc and Techniquie COOPRATION PROGRAM OF CHINA (ISCP) (to Qinghua ZHOU)(No.2006DFB32330)
文摘Background and Objective It has been proven that copy number gain/or loss (copy number variation CNV) in uences gene expression and result in phenotypic variation by
文摘Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].
