The Contribution of Linear Growth Components to Hypertension in Secondary School Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Cameroon

Background: Components of height have been found to be positively associated with blood pressure (BP) both in developed and developing nations. However, amongst Cameroon secondary school adolescents, the relationship between heights, SH and SH/H with BP has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of secondary school adolescents with elevated BP and high BP and to evaluate the relationship between the different components of linear growth with BP. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study involving 602 adolescents (399 girls and 203 boys, mean age 14.9 ± 2.3 years) attending some public and private secondary schools in the Bamenda municipality of the North West Region of Cameroon. Anthropometric and BP measurements were carried out following standard procedures. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between the various components of height (height, SH, SH/H) with BP amongst the children. Results: The overall prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension amongst the study participants was 21.9% and 15.6% respectively (with 8.3% and 7.3% of the hypertensive children in Stage I and Stage II respectively). However, there were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of elevated BP and high BP (p = 0.497). Girls had a significantly (p Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that height was positively associated with SBP amongst children and adolescents. Thus, height can be used in predicting adolescents with a high risk of developing high BP in our setting.

Linear Growth of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability of Two Finite-Thickness Fluid Layers

The linear growth of Ftayleigh-Taylor instability （FtTI） of two superimposed finite-thickness fluids in a gravita- tional field is investigated analytically. Coupling evolution equations for perturbation on the upper, middle and lower interfaces of the two stratified fluids are derived. The growth rate of the RTI and the evolution of the amplitudes of perturbation on the three interfaces are obtained by solving the coupling equations. It is found that the finite-thickness fluids reduce the growth rate of perturbation on the middle interface. However, the finite-thickness effect plays an important role in perturbation growth even for the thin layers which will cause more severe RTI growth. Finally, the dependence of the interface position under different initial conditions are discussed in some detail.

Efficacy of Oral Micronutrient Supplementation on Linear Nail Growth in Healthy Individuals

Introduction: Several studies demonstrate the effects of the oral supplementations on the skin while there are limited data for their effects on the nail quality in healthy individuals. Only placebo controlled double blind studies could provide the reliable data considering the physiologic nail growth. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of consumption of a micronutrient supplementation on linear nail growth and thickness. Subjects and Method: 60 healthy female volunteers aged 35 to 65 years old were enrolled, randomized blindly in treatment and placebo groups, taking one tablet per day for 3 months. The evaluation was performed on D0 and D90 ± 3 days by measuring the linear nail growth, nail thickness by high frequency ultrasound imaging and also subjects’ self-assessment. Results: All 60 subjects finished the study without any serious adverse event. At D90 both groups revealed a significant linear nail growth (5.20 ± 0.35 for treatment group (p = 0.001) and 5.15 ± 0.30 for placebo group (p = 0.001)). However, the difference between the treatment and placebo group was statistically significant (p = 0.01) demonstrating the efficacy of oral supplementation on linear nail growth. No significant difference was observed at D90 for nail thickness measured with HFUS between 2 groups. The self-assessment score regarding ?brittle nails? and ?split nails? was diminished non-significantly in both groups. Conclusion: The results observed in this trial revealed that the oral micronutrient supplementation can provide beneficial effect on nail growth. This result may be due to the whole formula as the single vitamin treatment like biotin was shown to be non-effective. A longer study would be needed to confirm the efficacy on nail thickness.

ADMISSIBILITY OF LINEAR ESTIMATORS IN A GROWTH CURVE MODEL SUBJECT TO AN INCOMPLETE ELLIPSOIDAL RESTRICTION

This article considers the admissibility of the linear estimators for the regression coefficients in the growth curve model subject to an incomplete ellipsoidal restriction. The necessary and sufficient conditions for linear estimators to be admissible in classes of the homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear estimators, respectively, are obtained under the quadratic loss function. They are generalizations of some existing results in literature.

On the Growth of Solutions of a Class of Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Meromorphic Coefficients

在这篇论文，我们调查更高的顺序的答案的生长有 meromorphic 系数的线性微分方程。在某些条件下面，我们获得生长顺序的精确评价和方程的答案的超。

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the USA: A Non-Linear ARDL Bounds Test Approach

We study the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the case of USA by using an asymmetric ARDL bounds test approach to achieve the actual model. The quarterly data set covers the period of 1973:1- 2013:4. The findings indicate that the effect of energy consumption is asymmetric in the long term but not in the short term. In the long run, the effect of negative component of energy consumption on economic growth is small and statistically insignificant. The coefficient of the positive component of energy consumption is found about 0.9 and statistically significant at 1% level. We conclude that energy saving policies such as technological progress and organizational rearrangements may have the dimmer effect for the impact of a negative component of energy consumption and the booster effect for impact of the positive component of energy consumption. Thus, energy saving policy should be tightly followed by the goal of high economic growth.

The Correlation and Linear Regression Analysis between Annual GDP Growth Rate and Money Laundering in Albania during the Period 2007-2011

This study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the annual GDP growth rate and money laundering in the Republic of Albania during the period 2007-2011. The main result of the study: there is a negative correlation between money laundering process and economic growth rate in Albania during the specified period;there is a negative correlation between money laundering and import, but there is a positive correlation between money laundering and the government expenditure, as well a positive correlation between money laundering and export.

Simple Linear Model of Tumor Growth in a Changing Environment

In an environment that is neither static nor in equilibrium, but is dynamic and changing, the kinetics of the reactions that cause the growth of a tumor, which depend on the state of the evolving environment, cannot be parametrized in terms of constant rates. We propose a simple model for describing the growth on an untreated tumor in such environments, which is characterized by a minimal number of parameters and is generalizable to include the effects of various types of therapies. In the simplest version that we consider here, it consists of a linear equation with a time-dependent growth rate, which we interpret as the coupling of the system with a dynamic environment. A complete solution is given in terms of the integral of the growth rate. The essential features of the general solution are illustrated with a few examples, and comparison is made with the models that have been proposed to describe recent data.

GENERAL ADMISSIBLE LINEARESTIMATORS IN RESTRICEDGROWTH CURVE MODEL

In this paper, we give a class of fuation and use to dicuss general admissibility according to general optimality ceriteria defined uader restricted growth curve model. General admissible characterization are obtained. Moreover, these conditions are then utilize to characterize infulueace that restrictions involved in growth curve model have on the class of admissible linear

Studies on the growth aspects of organic L-alanine maleate: a promising nonlinear optical crystal

A organic nonlinear optical material, L-alanine maleate (LALM) was synthesized. Bulk Single crystals of LALM have been grown by slow cooling method with a solution pH of 5. The solubility of L-alanine maleate has been deter-mined for various temperatures. Large size sin-gle crystal of 2.0 x 1.2 x 0.8 cm3 has been grown with reasonable growth rate along the three crystallographic directions by optimizing the growth parameters. The structure of LALM crys- tal was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffrac-tion analysis. The presence of functional groups was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The LALM crystal was analysed for its thermal and mechanical behaviours. The grown crystals have also been subjected to linear and non-linear optical property studies. From these studies, it is inferred that the LALM crystals exhibit better thermal and mechanical stabilities with improved optical properties. Thus satisfies the essential requirements for optical device fabrication.

普惠金融对经济增长与城乡收入差距的影响

为考察普惠金融对经济增长与城乡收入差距的影响,文章选取2013—2020年我国31个省份的面板数据,通过纳入债券、股票等直接融资工具指标构建普惠金融指数,并利用静态面板可行广义最小二乘回归模型、动态面板广义矩回归模型,研究全国以及东、中、西部地区普惠金融发展水平对经济增长与城乡收入差距的影响。结果表明:总体来看,普惠金融与经济增长存在“U”型关系,普惠金融与城乡收入差距存在“倒U”型关系。分地区来看,普惠金融对经济增长与城乡收入差距的影响均表现出一定程度的区域异质性。

蔡家川流域人工刺槐生物量模型的构建与比较

利用蔡家川流域不同立地条件下48株刺槐样木生物量的实测数据,以胸径、树高、冠幅、冠长及胸径、树高的复合因子为自变量,构建生物量异速生长模型、多元线性模型和相容性生物量模型。采用决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)、估计标准误差(SEE)、总相对误差(TRE)、平均相对误差(ARE)和平均百分比误差(MPE)等6个指标对模型进行拟合度和精确度的检验。结果表明:以胸径(D_(BH))、树高(h)的复合因子构建的生物量模型估测效果较好。3种模型的检验指标均在可接受的范围内,均适用于蔡家川流域刺槐生物量的预测。其中,多元线性模型对树枝、树叶生物量预测效果最佳,预测精度为90.11%和89.72%;相容性生物量模型对总树干、根系和总生物量的预测精度高达91.38%、90.83%、93.90%,并且解决了各器官生物量与总生物量的相容性问题。构建的模型中,相容性生物量模型的估测效果最好,多元线性模型和生物量异速生长模型次之。

6月龄鲁中肉羊生长性状多元统计分析

为探究鲁中肉羊体尺、体重性状间的关系,测定并收集1 094只(公羊325只,母羊769只)6月龄鲁中肉羊体尺和体重指标数据,对其进行相关性分析、主成分分析和多元线性回归分析。结果表明,公羊和母羊的各体尺指标均与体重呈极显著正相关,各体尺指标之间也均存在极显著的正相关关系。按照累计贡献率在85%以上的标准,公羊选取前3个主成分,分别反映6月龄鲁中肉羊公羊的整体体型结构状况、胸部发育状况和四肢发育状况;母羊选取前2个主成分,分别反映6月龄鲁中肉羊母羊的整体体型结构和四肢发育情况。6月龄鲁中肉羊公羊体重的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.268X_(2)+2.448X_(4)+1.319X_(5)-60.459(R^(2)=0.776,P<0.01),标准化后的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.328X_(2)+0.552X_(4)+0.156X_(5);母羊体重的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.070X_(1)+0.166X_(2)+0.819X_(3)+1.599X_(4)-2.547X_(5)-17.237(R^(2)=0.919,P<0.01),标准化后的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.176X_(1)+0.274X_(2)+0.237X_(3)+0.450X_(4)-0.235X_(5)。本研究结果可为提高鲁中肉羊早期选种选育效率提供理论依据。

Soil Temperature Dependent Growth of Cotton Seedlings Before Emergence

Soil temperature is an important variable governing plant growth and development.Studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of soil temperature on root and shoot growth of cotton during emergence. Cotton seedlings were grown for 192 h at 20,32 and 38℃in soil packed in 300 mm long and 50 mm diameter cylinders. The data indicated that the longest roots (173 mm) as well as shoots (152 mm) were recorded at 32℃followed by 20 (130 mm root and 82 mm shoot) and 38℃(86 mm root and 50 mm shoot).Roots grown at 20 and 38℃were 20% and 50% shorter,respectively,than those grown at 32℃after 192 h.Roots and shoots exhibited the lowest length and dry biomass at 38℃.Shoot lengths grown at 20 (74 mm) and 38℃(51 mm) were 44% and 61% shorter than those grown at 32℃(131 mm) after 180 h growth period,respectively.Growth at all three temperatures followed a similar pattern.Initially there was a linear growth phase followed by the reduction or cessation of growth.Time to cessation of growth varied with temperature and decreased faster at higher temperatures.Sowing of cotton should be accomplished before seedbed reaches a soil temperature (≥38℃) detrimental for emergence.Further,the seedbeds should be capable of providing sufficient moisture and essential nutrients for emerging seedling before its seed reserves are exhausted to enhance seedling establishment in soil.

Crohn's disease and growth deficiency in children and adolescents

Nutritional concerns, linear growth deficiency, and delayed puberty are currently detected in up to 85% of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) diagnosed at childhood. To provide advice on how to assess and manage nutritional concerns in these patients, a Medline search was conducted using "pediatric inflammatory bowel disease", "pediatric Crohn's disease", "linear growth","pubertal growth", "bone health", and "vitamin D" as key words. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses published between 2008 and 2013 were selected to produce this narrative review. Studies referring to earlier periods were also considered if the data was relevant to our review. Although current treatment strategies for CD that include anti-tumor necrosis factor-αtherapy have been shown to improve patients' growth rate, linear growth deficiencies are still common. In pediatric CD patients, prolonged diagnostic delay, high initial activity index, and stricturing/penetrating typeof behavior may cause growth deficiencies(in weight and height) and delayed puberty, with several studies reporting that these patients may not reach an optimal bone mass. Glucocorticoids and inflammation inhibit bone formation, though their impact on skeletal modeling remains unclear. Long-term control of active inflammation and an adequate intake of nutrients are both fundamental in promoting normal puberty. Recent evidence suggests that recombinant growth factor therapy is effective in improving short-term linear growth in selected patients, but is of limited benefit for ameliorating mucosal disease and reducing clinical disease activity. The authors conclude that an intense initial treatment(taking a "top-down" approach, with the early introduction of immunomodulatory treatment) may be justified to induce and maintain remission so that the growth of children with CD can catch up, ideally before puberty. Exclusive enteral nutrition has a key role in inducing remission and improving patients' nutritional status.

基于FP-growth算法与分层线性模型交互的招生数据挖掘

为了进一步提高招生数据挖掘的有效性,将FP-growth算法与分层线性模型相结合,用于高等院校的招生数据挖掘;利用FP-growth算法,通过频繁集的生成与关联规则,从高校历史招生数据中获取置信区间大的关联数据;采用单层和多层线性模型,将学生层面变量与学校层面变量相结合,确定招生数据挖掘有效变量;在分别建立单层线性模型和多层线性模型后,借助多层线性模型软件库,求解模型的系数和显著性检验水平。实例仿真结果表明,通过对比不同变量的系数和显著性检验水平,所提出的模型能够有效分析不同变量对招生录取的影响。

Linear Analysis of Longshore Currents Instability over Mild Slopes

Longshore current instability is important to nearshore hydrodynamic and sediment transport. This paper investigates the longshore current instability growth model based experimental data with different velocity profiles of slopes1:100 and 1:40 by adopting a linear shear instability model with the bottom friction effects. The results show that:(1)Only backshear mode exists in the instability of longshore current for slope 1:40 and frontshear and backshear modes may exist slope 1:100.(2) The peaks of linear instability growth mode for slope 1:100 correspond to three cases: the dominant peak is formed by the joint action of both frontshear and backshear, or by backshear alone without the existence of the smaller peak or formed by either the frontshear or backshear.(3) Bottom friction can decrease the corresponding unstable growth rate but it cannot change the unstable fluctuation period. The results of fluctuation period, wavelength and spatial variation obtained by the analysis of linear shear instability are in good agreement with experimental results.

Vegetation Growth Monitoring Under Coal Exploitation Stress by Remote Sensing in the Bulianta Coal Mining Area

Coal exploitation inevitably damages the natural ecological environment through large scale underground exploitation which exhausts the surrounding areas and is the cause of surface subsidence and cracks. These types of damage seriously lower the underground water table. Deterioration of the environment has certainly an impact on and limits growth of vegetation,which is a very important indicator of a healthy ecological system. Dynamically monitoring vegetation growth under coal exploitation stress by remote sensing technology provides advantages such as large scale coverage,high accuracy and abundant information. A scatter plot was built by a TM (Thematic Mapper) infrared and red bands. A detailed analysis of the distributional characteristics of vegetation pixels has been carried out. Results show that vegetation pixels are affected by soil background pixels,while the distribution of soil pixels presents a linear pattern. Soil line equations were obtained mainly by linear regression. A new band,reflecting vegetation growth,has been obtained based on the elimination of the soil background. A grading of vegetation images was extracted by means of a density slice method. Our analysis indicates that before the exploitation of the Bulianta coal mining area,vegetation growth had gradually reduced; especially intermediate growth vegetation had been transformed into low vegetation. It may have been caused by the deterioration of the brittle environment in the western part of the mining area. All the same,after the start of coal production,vegetation growth has gradually improved,probably due to large scale aerial seeding. Remote sensing interpretation results proved to be consistent with the actual situation on the ground. From our research results we can not conclude that coal exploitation stress has no impact on the growth of vegetation. More de-tailed research on vegetation growth needs to be analyzed.

基于小样本线性模型的林下种植对大龄杉木胸径生长的影响研究

随着近成过熟林等大龄林分的不断增加和幼中低龄林分的减少,大龄林分林下种植逐渐增多,但针对大龄林分林下种植对林木生长影响的研究较少,且存在新的研究难点。本文基于小样本线性模型方法,探讨大龄杉木Cunninghamia lanceolate林下种植中草药对林木胸径生长的影响问题。2021年,在浙西南景宁畲族自治县境内的大际林场与草鱼塘林场大龄杉木人工林中设置了有3年林下种植中草药和没有林下种植的样地各10个,每个样地做1株平均木解析木,基于解析木最近3年的胸径连年生长量,在对数据进行适用性检验、并对不符合要求的数据进行变换处理后,建立线性模型分析林下种植对胸径生长的影响。结果表明,对不满足线性要求的年龄进行变换消除非线性后的线性模型质量有明显提升,并在此基础上,发现林下中草药种植对胸径生长具有显著的促进作用,但这种作用受到林木年龄的影响和制约。线性模型方法适用于情况复杂、无法对实验进行严格控制情况下的数据分析,方法灵活,但在小样本情况下需要满足一系列条件,若不满足则必须先对数据进行处理以满足条件。