Parameter estimation method for a linear frequency modulation signal with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity

In view of the complexity of existing linear frequency modulation(LFM)signal parameter estimation methods and the poor antinoise performance and estimation accuracy under a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a parameter estimation method for LFM signals with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity is proposed in this paper.This method utilizes the characteristic that the output signal of the Duffing oscillator excited by the LFM signal changes periodically with frequency,and the modulation period of the LFM signal is estimated by autocorrelation processing of the output signal of the Duffing oscillator.On this basis,the corresponding relationship between the reference frequency of the frequencyaligned Duffing oscillator and the frequency range of the LFM signal is analyzed by the periodic power spectrum method,and the frequency information of the LFM signal is determined.Simulation results show that this method can achieve high-accuracy parameter estimation for LFM signals at an SNR of-25 dB.

Modified Omega-K algorithm for processing helicopter-borne frequency modulated continuous waveform rotating synthetic aperture radar data

With appropriate geometry configuration, helicopter- borne rotating synthetic aperture radar （ROSAR） can break through the limitations of monostatic synthetic aperture radar （SAR） on forward-looking imaging. With this capability, ROSAR has extensive potential applications, such as self-navigation and self-landing. Moreover, it has many advantages if combined with the frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） technology. A novel geometric configuration and an imaging algorithm for helicopter-borne FMCW-ROSAR are proposed. Firstly, by per- forming the equivalent phase center principle, the separated trans- mitting and receiving antenna system is equalized to the case of system configuration with antenna for both transmitting and receiving signals. Based on this, the accurate two-dimensional spectrum is obtained and the Doppler frequency shift effect in- duced by the continuous motion of the platform during the long pulse duration is compensated. Next, the impacts of the velocity approximation error on the imaging algorithm are analyzed in de- tail, and the system parameters selection and resolution analysis are presented. The well-focused SAR image is then obtained by using the improved Omega-K algorithm incorporating the accurate compensation method for the velocity approximation error. FJnally, correctness of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed al- gorithm are demonstrated through simulation results.

A TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE LINEARITY OF A LINEARLY FREQUENCY-MODULATED SIGNAL

A technique for measuring the linearity of a linearly frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFM-CW) signal is presented. It uses a delay-line and a mixer to sense the slope of the output of a sweep oscillator, so that the original form of frequency function deviated from idealized linear slope is retrieved by means of spectrum analysis. Consequently,the linearity of the LFM signal is determined. The formulation is performed based on the principle that an angle-modulated signal can be approximated by an amplitude-modulated signal if the modulation coefficient is sufficiently small. To examine the validity of the procedure and to study the effect of each parameter on the accuracy of measurement, a number of computer simulations has been made. The results of simulation show that the error of the measurement is less than 2%.

IMAGING ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY MODULATION CONTINUOUS WAVE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IN NEAR RANGE MODE

Frequency-Modulation Continuous-Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar(FMCW SAR)has shown great potential in the applications of civil and military fields because of its easy deployment and low cost.However,most of these work and analysis are concentrated on airborne FMCW SAR,where the characteristics of the imaging geometry and signal are much similar to that of traditional pulsed-SAR.As a result,a series of test campaigns of automobile-based FMCW SAR were sponsored by Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS)in the autumn of 2012.In this paper,we analyze the imaging issues of FMCW SAR in automobile mode(named as near range mode),where a vehicle is used as moving platform and a large looking angle is configured.The imaging geometry and signal properties are analyzed in detail.We emphasize the difference of the near range mode from the traditional airborne SAR mode.Based on the analysis,a focusing approach is proposed in the paper to handle the data focusing in the case.Simulation experiment and real data of automobile FMCW SAR are used to validate the analysis.

Photonic Generation of Frequency 16-Tupling Millimeter-Wave Signal without Optical Filter

A generalized optical filterless approach to achieve photonic generation of frequency 16-tupling millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal based on two cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DPMZMs) is presented. A theoretical analysis leading to the operating conditions to achieve frequency 16-tupling is developed. Different modulation indices (MIs) can be implemented to achieve the frequency multiplication by adjusting the delay of tunable optical delay line (TODL). It is confirmed by simulation that the proposed scheme is effective, and the radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) of the generated frequency 16-tupling signal can be as high as 40 dB when the sub-MZMs have extinction ratios of 30 dB. Influencing factors such as extinction ratio, DC bias drift, phase shift deviation and RF voltage deviation on the performance of optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) and RFSSR are also investigated.

Parameter estimation of LFM signals based on time reversal

In this paper,parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation(LFM)signals containing additive white Gaussian noise is studied.Because the center frequency estimation of an LFM signal is affected by the error propagation effect,resulting in a higher signal to noise ratio(SNR)threshold,a parameter estimation method for LFM signals based on time reversal is proposed.The proposed method avoids SNR loss in the process of estimating the frequency,thus reducing the SNR threshold.The simulation results show that the threshold is reduced by 5 dB compared with the discrete polynomial transform(DPT)method,and the root-mean-square error(RMSE)of the proposed estimator is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB).

Frequency Sweep Linearization for Semiconductor Laser Using a Feedback Loop Based on Amplitude-Frequency Response

A scheme of frequency sweep linearization of semiconductor lasers using a feed-back loop based on amplitude-frequency response is demonstrated in this paper. The beat frequency signal is obtained by self-heterodyne detection. The frequency changes are converted to the envelope of beat frequency signal after amplitude-frequency response. The active frequency sweep linearization is realized by feeding envelope deviations back to the drive currents of the lasers by a feedback loop. A simulation model is built to verify this scheme by Simulink. This scheme does not need high-performance, expensive lasers, complex linearization or tedious post-processing processes, which are of great significance for related applications.

基于时频域分析的车载毫米波雷达干扰抑制方法

文中针对车载调频连续波雷达之间相互干扰导致虚警和漏警的问题,提出一种在时频域基于改进经验模式分解和自回归模型相结合的干扰抑制方法。该方法首先使用经验模式分解区分出拍频信号中干扰分量主导的低阶本征模态函数,将其转换到短时傅里叶变换域后通过全局阈值方法进行干扰分量定位;其次,在时频域根据定位信息将拍频信号包含干扰的数据置零;最后,使用自回归模型对拍频信号中缺失的有用信号进行估计并插值。通过仿真和实测结果显示,该方法在精确地去除干扰分量的同时可以减少有用信号的功率损失,干扰抑制后的信号与参考信号的相关系数达到0.9697。与现有干扰抑制技术相比文中方法也体现出更优的干扰抑制性能。

基于多项式Chirplet变换的线性调频引信干扰波形设计方法

针对现代战场环境下线性调频引信干扰技术的迫切需求,提出多项式Chirplet变换的方法实现低信噪比下对调频连续波无线电引信的信号参数估计,并针对调频连续波引信重构了干扰信号。基于线性小波变换原理,选取适当的核函数,将无线电引信信号经过旋转与平移操作后进行短时傅里叶变换,再利用遗传算法求得变换核的最优参数,实现对调频连续波信号的参数估计,并重构干扰信号。仿真对比结果表明,该方法可以在较低信噪比下实现对调频连续波无线电引信信号载波频率、调制周期、最大频偏等参数进行精准估计,相较于周期调制类干扰,重构干扰信号能够以更低功率对调频引信产生较好的干扰效果。

基于线性调频连续波的合作式通信辐射源测距

针对加速运动目标参数估计中,离散多项式变换方法无法进行非整数估计的问题,本文提出基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法和基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法2种新型离散多项式变换算法,对加速运动目标速度和加速度进行估计,并对2种算法的估计误差和计算量进行了分析比较。结果表明:2种算法在信噪比-20 dB时均方误差开始接近克拉美罗界。基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法与3次迭代基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法均可在较低信噪比下可实现任意频率的有效估计且性能接近,二者均可实现低信噪比下速度、加速度的有效估计,但基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法计算量远小于3次迭代基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法。

基于可解释网络解耦表征的低成本雷达定位解算方法

为降低调频连续波(FMCW)雷达成本,同时提高定位精度,设计可解释解耦表征模型。该模型由网络解算器、虚假信号生成器以及可解释潜变量三部分组成。首先处理雷达信号获得中频频谱;然后输入到网络解算器中生成位置潜变量;再通过物理机制对潜变量进行转换,生成虚假中频信号频谱;最后,设计局部光滑损失函数对模型进行自监督训练,实现潜变量的解耦物理表征。实验结果表明:所提算法能对雷达系统频谱信号的粗粒度进行超分辨率细化,其机理能有效应对雷达系统的硬件公差、环境噪声、安装误差等问题,并可自动地训练出雷达的解算网络,从而具有大规模室内、机载联网定位的应用潜力。

面向高速移动环境的二级信号检测算法

正交时间序列复用(OTSM)可以以更低的复杂度实现类似正交时频空间(OTFS)调制的传输性能,为未来需要低复杂度收发器的高速移动性通信系统提供一种有前景的解决方法。针对现有的基于时域的高斯-赛德尔(GS)迭代均衡效率不高的问题,提出二级信号检测算法。首先在时域进行低复杂度线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)检测,其次采用连续超松弛(SOR)迭代算法进一步消除残余符号干扰。为进一步提高收敛效率和检测性能,对SOR算法进行线性优化得到改进SOR(ISOR)算法。仿真实验结果表明,与SOR算法相比,ISOR算法在增加较低复杂度前提下可以提升检测性能并加快算法收敛。与GS迭代算法相比,ISOR算法采用16QAM调制且误码率为10-4时有1.61 dB的增益。

基于双注意力机制的FMCW雷达人体行为识别

为了提高调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)雷达人体行为识别的分类精度和泛化性能,提出了一种基于双注意力机制的特征融合方法。通过设置阈值,对距离-时间谱图和微多普勒谱图中的有效频谱进行提取、拼接后送入AlexNet和VGG16神经网络来提取特征;加入空间注意力和改进的通道注意力模块,丢弃冗余信息,以增强对重要信息的关注,获取更感兴趣的特征进行特征融合分类。实验结果表明,该方法对6种日常人体行为的平均识别准确率高达97.0%。

调频连续波激光多路并行相干精密长度测量方法

面向航空航天等大型复杂机电系统,长度测量的需求从单独的一维位移测量发展到多目标、灵活便于拓展的多路并行测量。调频连续波激光雷达长度测量技术具备抗干扰、精度高、无合作等优势。本文基于调频连续波激光雷达技术开展多路并行相干精密长度测量方法研究,针对传统长度测量系统存在光纤色散、辅助路光纤漂移导致长度测量精度降低问题,提出一种含有氰化氢气体吸收池的三光路马赫-曾德尔干涉测量系统,在此基础上,基于光开关结构实现精密长度多路并行测量。通过精密导轨长度测量实验结果表明,提出的方法在3.6 m长度范围内标准差不超过25μm,实现了四路并行长度测量。与商用激光干涉仪测量结果比较,多路测量结果的绝对误差不超过30μm。

基于FRFT的低信噪比LFM信号参数快速估计算法

基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)对线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated,LFM)信号参数进行估计,问题关键是确定FRFT最佳阶数,根据误差迭代思想提出新的参数估计算法,该算法利用归一化带宽和旋转角的转化关系,由估计误差推算角度差值,有效降低了运算量,不需要调频斜率正负的先验信息,改进的对数搜索算法可以进一步提高参数估计结果的稳定性和可靠性。仿真结果表明,信噪比在-8 dB以上时该方法在高效率的前提下仍具有良好的参数估计性能,平均估计误差在1%以内,估计结果接近Cramer-Rao下限,满足工程实时处理需求。

一种面向低成本轻量级雷达的单比特复用阵列信号收发框架

面向低成本轻量级雷达的应用需求,该文提出了一种联合单比特采样量化和时分复用接收机的雷达信号收发框架。首先,通过介绍该框架的工作原理,阐述其在节省接收机数量方面的优势。从雷达资源配置的角度,分析了单比特采样量化在该框架中的重要性,并提出了该框架可利用时间换空间,获得比经典线性调频连续波雷达更好的探测性能。接着,推导了雷达测距、测速和测角公式,以及目标参数估计的克拉美罗界。在此基础上,验证了该框架的性能优势,同时也给出了其稳定工作的信噪比条件。最后,利用一种基于单比特二维多重信号分类的速度维配对算法,验证了该框架获取目标原理的正确性,以及性能分析的可靠性。

超短基线在低频基阵指向性测量中的应用

随着水声换能器工作频率的降低,实验室空间很难达到自由场和远场测量的要求。而开阔水域的水下环境复杂,基阵很难实现更深层次的吊放,需要安装价格昂贵的吊装平台来获取标准声源与待测基阵之间的相对位姿,效率低且维护成本高。文章采用超短基线定位技术,信号选用线性调频脉冲信号与伪随机编码脉冲信号,并分别基于脉冲压缩法和复相关算法实现距离和相位测量。比对湖上定位精度试验和基阵指向性标定静态试验的结果显示:角度误差为2.5°以内;-6 dB波束宽度在2~10 kHz频率范围内测量误差在5.38%以内。证明超短基线定位在低频基阵指向性标定的可行性。

提高ECDL扫频线性度的高效迭代算法

针对调频连续波激光雷达扫频线性度较差的问题,提出一种适用于压电陶瓷外腔的可调谐外腔半导体激光(external cavity diode laser,ECDL)的高效率线性化预调制修正方法。基于体光栅反馈的ECDL模型和压电陶瓷迟滞特性,设计了符合压电陶瓷偏置器(piezoelectric ceramics,PZT)物理性质的迭代控制算法,实现了ECDL高线性度扫频激光输出。该激光系统能够实现在60 kHz的重频条件下,输出扫频带宽为1.1 GHz的线性扫频,残余非线性达到10-7,并且通过实验验证了在80 m的距离下厘米级的测量精度,在3 km的距离下实现米级测量精度。结果表明,该算法可以有效解决压电陶瓷偏置器的ECDL的线性化修正问题。

基于延迟断点映射FMCW的双功能雷达通信系统设计

基于调频连续波(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, FMCW)的双功能雷达通信(Dual-Functional RadarCommunication, DFRC)系统具有时频利用率高、抗多普勒性能强、距离旁瓣低的特点。现有的FMCW-DFRC波形系统产生双功能性能恶化,并增加通信接收机的链路复杂度。设计了一种基于延迟断点映射(Delayed Breakpoint Mapping, DBM)FMCW的DFRC系统,通过啁啾周期内延迟断点位置的映射和被分割的簇间的相位进行数据调制。通信接收端在载波混频和欠采样后,在数字域实现去啁啾、码片对齐和数据解调,极大降低了接收端生成相干信号和ADC性能的需求。在雷达处理链路中,设计了断点区域删除与拼接(Breakpoint Area Deletion and Splicing, BADS)方案,使DFRC的雷达性能与无调制的FMCW一致。仿真结果表明,与无补偿的方案相比,BADS方案距离图像的副瓣幅度减小约37 dB,且不受调制数据的影响。与现有基于啁啾波形的DFRC方案的通信性能相比,DBM-FMCW降低了约3 dB误符号率。

基于多核DSP的星载双基FMCW SAR成像算法实现

调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)降低了传感器的峰值传输功率,使系统的重量和成本最小化,被广泛应用于机载平台。将双基地构型与FMCW技术相结合,应用于星载平台,即构成星载双基地FMCW SAR。本文对距离多普勒(range-Doppler,RD)算法进行改进,建立起一种高性能的适宜星载双基地平台的FMCW SAR成像频域算法,这种算法的处理精度明显提高,成像效果更好。基于多核数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,DSP)构建适用于星载双基SAR成像算法的并行处理架构,完成软硬件设计实现。验证了所提软件架构可以满足实时成像需求,以及算法工程化实现的可行性。