Metal hydroxides （MAH） consisting of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with a mass ratio of 1：2 were surface-modified by y-diethoxyphosphorous ester propyldiethoxymethylsilane, boric acid and diphenylsilan...Metal hydroxides （MAH） consisting of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with a mass ratio of 1：2 were surface-modified by y-diethoxyphosphorous ester propyldiethoxymethylsilane, boric acid and diphenylsilanediol in xylene under dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst at 140 ℃. Phosphorus, silicon and boron elements covalently bonded to metal hydroxide particles were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The degradation behavior of the surface-modified MAH was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that linear low density polyethylene （LLDPE） composite, filled with 50% （mass fraction） of MAH modified by 5.0% （mass fraction） of modifiers, passes the V-0 rating of UL-94 test and shows the limited oxygen index of 34%, and its heat release rate and average effective heat combustion in a cone calorimeter measurement decrease obviously; The mechanical properties of MAH can be improved by surface-modification. The uniform dispersion of particles and strong interfacial bonding between particles and matrix are obtained.展开更多
In this work fibers derived from coffee</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hulls ha</span><span style="font-f...In this work fibers derived from coffee</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hulls ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been incorporated into Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence of the filler content on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thermal and physicomechanical properties of the composites obtained was assessed. The results showed that the incorporation of fibers was able to improve the thermostability of LLDPE/Coffee hulls fibers;comparing the treated fiber composite with untreated fiber composites, the chemical treatment reduces by 58.3% the water absorption, while increasing the elongation and tensile strength by about 48% and 17% respectively. Moreover, due to better interfacial interaction induced by MAPE, the corresponding composite exhibited better properties compared to the untreated fiber composite. Results are indicative of the fact that both mercerization and MAPE (coupling agent) have significant positive effects on the fib</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-matrix interaction in terms of adhesion, wetting and dispersion, this treatment produced a better fiber distribution and consequently a more uniform composite morphology without voids and gaps between the fibers and the matrix, allowing the possibility to use higher fiber contents (up to 30% wt.) with acceptable mechanical properties.展开更多
In this study, effects of oscillatory shear with different frequencies （0-2.5 Hz） and amplitudes （0-20 mm） on the mechanical properties and crystalline morphology of linear low density polyethylene （LLDPE） were ...In this study, effects of oscillatory shear with different frequencies （0-2.5 Hz） and amplitudes （0-20 mm） on the mechanical properties and crystalline morphology of linear low density polyethylene （LLDPE） were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties of LLDPE are improved because of the more perfect crystalline structure when LLDPE crystallizes under low-frequency and small-amplitude （0.2 Hz/4 mm） oscillatory shear. The mechanical properties can be further improved by increasing either the frequency or the amplitude of oscillatory shear. The Young＇s modulus and tensile strength of LLDPE are improved by 27% and 20%, respectively, when the frequency is increased to 2.5 Hz and the amplitude is maintained at 4 mm; while the Young＇s modulus and tensile strength are improved by 49% and 47%, respectively, when the amplitude is increased to 20 mm and the frequency is remained as 0.2 Hz. The crystallinity and microstructure of LLDPE under different oscillatory shear conditions were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to shed light on the mechanism for the improvement of mechanical properties.展开更多
The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxid...The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide（sc-CO2）as a foaming agent. The effects of processing parameters（foaming temperature, saturation pressure, and depressurization rate） and the addition of MWCNTs on the evolution of cell opening are studied systematically. For LLDPE foaming, the foaming temperature and saturation pressure are two key factors for preparing open-cell foams. An increase in temperature and pressure promotes both the cell wall thinning and cell rupture, because a high temperature results in a decrease in the viscosity of the polymer, and a high pressure leads to a larger amount of cell nucleation. Moreover, for the given temperature and pressure, the high pressurization rate results in a high pressure gradient, favoring cell rupture. For LLDPE/MWCNTs foaming, the addition of MWCNTs not only promotes the cell heterogeneous nucleation, but also prevents the cell collapse during cell opening, which is critical to achieve the open-cell structures with small cell size and high cell density.展开更多
This paper reports a new kind catalytic system to produce linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) from ethylene alone in a single reactor by combining the ability of Ti(OBu n ) 4/AlEt 3 to produce 1 butene with the abi...This paper reports a new kind catalytic system to produce linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) from ethylene alone in a single reactor by combining the ability of Ti(OBu n ) 4/AlEt 3 to produce 1 butene with the ability of [Me 2SiN t BuInd]ZrCl 2/MAO to copolymerize ethylene with 1 butene. It was found that the dual functional catalytic system has high activity and get the good polymer with density ranging from 0.91-0.95 g/cm 3 in ethylene polymerization.展开更多
Linear low density polyethylene from ethylene as an o nly monomer was prepared by the combination catalyst system of Et(Ind) 2ZrCl 2 an d {2 [2 Me 4 Br C 6H 3NC(Me)] 2C 5H 3N}FeCl 2 activated with methy laluminoxane (...Linear low density polyethylene from ethylene as an o nly monomer was prepared by the combination catalyst system of Et(Ind) 2ZrCl 2 an d {2 [2 Me 4 Br C 6H 3NC(Me)] 2C 5H 3N}FeCl 2 activated with methy laluminoxane (MAO).The two catalysts were well matched in a single reactor and i t was observed that the “comonomer effect" appeared in the in situ copolymeriz ation of ethylene.The comonomer effect was some strongly influenced by the molar ratio of Al to (Fe+Zr) and the polymerization temperatures.At 60℃ and n(Al )/n(Fe+Zr)=2000,the maximum activity of the catalytic system(8 5×10\+6g/mo l·h) was 4\^25 times higher than that of homopolymerization of ethylene(2\^0×1 0\+6g/mol·h),and the value of n(Fe)/n(Zr) was 0 5.At n(Al)/n(F e+Zr)=1000,the maximum activity diminished.When polymerization temperatures incr eased,the maximum activity of the in situ copolymerization decreased and the co rresponding ratio of Fe to Zr also decayed.The copolymers made from this catalyt ic system had the characteristics of low melting point(from 132 34℃ to 70 97 ℃),low density(from 0 9467?g/cm\+3 to 0\^9283?g/cm\+3) and narrow molecular weight distribution(from 2\^29 to 1\^86).However,it’s no obvious influence of th e comonomer effect on the physical properties of the copolymers.展开更多
基金Project(20574020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20061001) supported by the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, ChinaProject (20060106-2) supported by Guangdong Key Projects
文摘Metal hydroxides （MAH） consisting of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with a mass ratio of 1：2 were surface-modified by y-diethoxyphosphorous ester propyldiethoxymethylsilane, boric acid and diphenylsilanediol in xylene under dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst at 140 ℃. Phosphorus, silicon and boron elements covalently bonded to metal hydroxide particles were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The degradation behavior of the surface-modified MAH was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that linear low density polyethylene （LLDPE） composite, filled with 50% （mass fraction） of MAH modified by 5.0% （mass fraction） of modifiers, passes the V-0 rating of UL-94 test and shows the limited oxygen index of 34%, and its heat release rate and average effective heat combustion in a cone calorimeter measurement decrease obviously; The mechanical properties of MAH can be improved by surface-modification. The uniform dispersion of particles and strong interfacial bonding between particles and matrix are obtained.
文摘In this work fibers derived from coffee</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hulls ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been incorporated into Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence of the filler content on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thermal and physicomechanical properties of the composites obtained was assessed. The results showed that the incorporation of fibers was able to improve the thermostability of LLDPE/Coffee hulls fibers;comparing the treated fiber composite with untreated fiber composites, the chemical treatment reduces by 58.3% the water absorption, while increasing the elongation and tensile strength by about 48% and 17% respectively. Moreover, due to better interfacial interaction induced by MAPE, the corresponding composite exhibited better properties compared to the untreated fiber composite. Results are indicative of the fact that both mercerization and MAPE (coupling agent) have significant positive effects on the fib</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-matrix interaction in terms of adhesion, wetting and dispersion, this treatment produced a better fiber distribution and consequently a more uniform composite morphology without voids and gaps between the fibers and the matrix, allowing the possibility to use higher fiber contents (up to 30% wt.) with acceptable mechanical properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51373153 and 51073139)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY13E030002)the Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation(No.2011R50005)
文摘In this study, effects of oscillatory shear with different frequencies （0-2.5 Hz） and amplitudes （0-20 mm） on the mechanical properties and crystalline morphology of linear low density polyethylene （LLDPE） were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties of LLDPE are improved because of the more perfect crystalline structure when LLDPE crystallizes under low-frequency and small-amplitude （0.2 Hz/4 mm） oscillatory shear. The mechanical properties can be further improved by increasing either the frequency or the amplitude of oscillatory shear. The Young＇s modulus and tensile strength of LLDPE are improved by 27% and 20%, respectively, when the frequency is increased to 2.5 Hz and the amplitude is maintained at 4 mm; while the Young＇s modulus and tensile strength are improved by 49% and 47%, respectively, when the amplitude is increased to 20 mm and the frequency is remained as 0.2 Hz. The crystallinity and microstructure of LLDPE under different oscillatory shear conditions were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to shed light on the mechanism for the improvement of mechanical properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21306090 and 51403110)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Nos.Y201430774 and Y201327472)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide（sc-CO2）as a foaming agent. The effects of processing parameters（foaming temperature, saturation pressure, and depressurization rate） and the addition of MWCNTs on the evolution of cell opening are studied systematically. For LLDPE foaming, the foaming temperature and saturation pressure are two key factors for preparing open-cell foams. An increase in temperature and pressure promotes both the cell wall thinning and cell rupture, because a high temperature results in a decrease in the viscosity of the polymer, and a high pressure leads to a larger amount of cell nucleation. Moreover, for the given temperature and pressure, the high pressurization rate results in a high pressure gradient, favoring cell rupture. For LLDPE/MWCNTs foaming, the addition of MWCNTs not only promotes the cell heterogeneous nucleation, but also prevents the cell collapse during cell opening, which is critical to achieve the open-cell structures with small cell size and high cell density.
文摘This paper reports a new kind catalytic system to produce linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) from ethylene alone in a single reactor by combining the ability of Ti(OBu n ) 4/AlEt 3 to produce 1 butene with the ability of [Me 2SiN t BuInd]ZrCl 2/MAO to copolymerize ethylene with 1 butene. It was found that the dual functional catalytic system has high activity and get the good polymer with density ranging from 0.91-0.95 g/cm 3 in ethylene polymerization.
文摘Linear low density polyethylene from ethylene as an o nly monomer was prepared by the combination catalyst system of Et(Ind) 2ZrCl 2 an d {2 [2 Me 4 Br C 6H 3NC(Me)] 2C 5H 3N}FeCl 2 activated with methy laluminoxane (MAO).The two catalysts were well matched in a single reactor and i t was observed that the “comonomer effect" appeared in the in situ copolymeriz ation of ethylene.The comonomer effect was some strongly influenced by the molar ratio of Al to (Fe+Zr) and the polymerization temperatures.At 60℃ and n(Al )/n(Fe+Zr)=2000,the maximum activity of the catalytic system(8 5×10\+6g/mo l·h) was 4\^25 times higher than that of homopolymerization of ethylene(2\^0×1 0\+6g/mol·h),and the value of n(Fe)/n(Zr) was 0 5.At n(Al)/n(F e+Zr)=1000,the maximum activity diminished.When polymerization temperatures incr eased,the maximum activity of the in situ copolymerization decreased and the co rresponding ratio of Fe to Zr also decayed.The copolymers made from this catalyt ic system had the characteristics of low melting point(from 132 34℃ to 70 97 ℃),low density(from 0 9467?g/cm\+3 to 0\^9283?g/cm\+3) and narrow molecular weight distribution(from 2\^29 to 1\^86).However,it’s no obvious influence of th e comonomer effect on the physical properties of the copolymers.
