<b><span>Objectives:</span></b><span> Recently, an increasing number of elderly patients have complained of tongue pain and fissured tongue, while atrophy of the lingual papillae wit...<b><span>Objectives:</span></b><span> Recently, an increasing number of elderly patients have complained of tongue pain and fissured tongue, while atrophy of the lingual papillae with </span><span>low </span><span>nutrition has also become a commonly encountered condition. The viewpoint that lingual papilla atrophy reflects systemic and pathological conditions, such as diabetes and </span><span>in </span><span>the circulatory system abnormalities, is supported by many clinicians. The present study was conducted to clarify the relationship of degree of atrophy of tongue papillae with oral symptoms, with an aim to evaluate the usefulness of clinical diagnostic criteria for tongue papillae atrophy.</span><span> </span><b><span>Subjects and Methods: </span></b><span>The subjects were asked to protrude the tongue forward. The tongue was held at rest and impressions were taken of the tongue dorsum 15 mm posterior to the apex of the tongue. Surface impressions were measured using a Surfcoder SE300 and the obtained values were used to define surface roughness (Ra). Multivariate analyses of the relationships between the Ra measurements and the living environment, subjective symptoms of oral health, and survey results of measurements were performed to examine factors associated with Ra. The tongue was photographed with a digital camera, then RGB color value of four random points 15 mm from the tongue apex was determined. Using those findings, redness was calculated.</span><span> </span><b><span>Results and Conclusions:</span></b><span> One hundred and six subjects with a mean age of 79.5</span><span> </span><span>±</span><span> </span><span>9.2 years were analyzed. In the smooth group, there was more redness in the tongue dorsum as compared to the rough group. Total and Sagittal Ra values of subjects with dysphagia were lower than those without dysphagia, suggesting that the degree of oral mucosal atrophy </span><span>is</span><span> related to subjective symptoms of dysphagia. Subjects with high water intake had higher Coronal Ra values, which was considered to be related to the edematous state of the lingual papillae.</span>展开更多
Background: Lingual epithelia in the tongue tip are among the most rapidly regenerating tissues, but the mechanism of cell genesis in this tissue is still unknown. Previous study has suggested the existence of multipl...Background: Lingual epithelia in the tongue tip are among the most rapidly regenerating tissues, but the mechanism of cell genesis in this tissue is still unknown. Previous study has suggested the existence of multiple stem cell pools in lingual epithelia and papillae. Like K14+ and Sox2+ cells, NTPDase2+ cells have characteristics of stem cells.Methods: We employed a system using doxycycline to conditionally ablate NTPDase2+ cells in lingual epithelia and papillae by regulated expression of the diphtheria toxin A(DTA) gene. Transgenic lines, which expressed the rtTA gene in NTPDase2+ cells, were produced by pronuclear injection of zygotes from C57 BL/6 mice using the BAC clone RP23-47 P18. The NTPDase2-rtTA transgenic mice were crossed with the TetO-DTA transgenic animals. The double transgenic mice were treated with doxycycline. Doxycycline(Dox) was diluted in 5% sucrose in water to a final concentration of 0.3-0.5 mg/mL and supplied as drinking water.Results: After 15 days of Dox induction, the expression of NTPDase2, Sox2 and K14 was ablated from lingual epithelia. DTA expression in NTPDase2+cells did not inhibit the turnover of GNAT3+ or PLCb2+ cells in taste buds,nor the expression of S100 b beneath lingual epithelia and papillae. After35 days ablation of NTPDase2+ cells, the basic structure of lingual epithelia and papillae remained intact. However, the ratio of cell to total tissue area was decreased in lingual epithelia and circumvallate(CV) papillae. DTA expression also inhibited the regeneration of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue tip.Conclusions: These studies provide important insights into the understanding of dynamic equilibrium among the multiple stem cell populations present in the lingual epithelia and papillae.展开更多
This study presents the first definitive anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the cattleyak. Data on tongues from 12 healthy cattle-yaks were collected. The results show that five types of papi...This study presents the first definitive anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the cattleyak. Data on tongues from 12 healthy cattle-yaks were collected. The results show that five types of papillae were identifiable on the tongue surface of the cattle-yak. Among these, three types were mechanical papillae （filiform, conical, and lenticular）, and two types were gustatory papillae （vallate and fungiform）. Some morphological features of the cattle-yak tongue were similar to those of domestic ruminants, but the lingual prominence was higher and more developed. For example, more mechanical papillae were present and they were covered by a thicker, keratinized epithelium, the conical papillae possibly perform an immune function, the fungiform papillae have more mucus- secreting pores, and the sublingual glands were more developed. This research will provide a further and detailed source of morphological information about the cattle-yak that is currently lacking in species-specific studies on the morphology of the Bovidae family.展开更多
文摘<b><span>Objectives:</span></b><span> Recently, an increasing number of elderly patients have complained of tongue pain and fissured tongue, while atrophy of the lingual papillae with </span><span>low </span><span>nutrition has also become a commonly encountered condition. The viewpoint that lingual papilla atrophy reflects systemic and pathological conditions, such as diabetes and </span><span>in </span><span>the circulatory system abnormalities, is supported by many clinicians. The present study was conducted to clarify the relationship of degree of atrophy of tongue papillae with oral symptoms, with an aim to evaluate the usefulness of clinical diagnostic criteria for tongue papillae atrophy.</span><span> </span><b><span>Subjects and Methods: </span></b><span>The subjects were asked to protrude the tongue forward. The tongue was held at rest and impressions were taken of the tongue dorsum 15 mm posterior to the apex of the tongue. Surface impressions were measured using a Surfcoder SE300 and the obtained values were used to define surface roughness (Ra). Multivariate analyses of the relationships between the Ra measurements and the living environment, subjective symptoms of oral health, and survey results of measurements were performed to examine factors associated with Ra. The tongue was photographed with a digital camera, then RGB color value of four random points 15 mm from the tongue apex was determined. Using those findings, redness was calculated.</span><span> </span><b><span>Results and Conclusions:</span></b><span> One hundred and six subjects with a mean age of 79.5</span><span> </span><span>±</span><span> </span><span>9.2 years were analyzed. In the smooth group, there was more redness in the tongue dorsum as compared to the rough group. Total and Sagittal Ra values of subjects with dysphagia were lower than those without dysphagia, suggesting that the degree of oral mucosal atrophy </span><span>is</span><span> related to subjective symptoms of dysphagia. Subjects with high water intake had higher Coronal Ra values, which was considered to be related to the edematous state of the lingual papillae.</span>
基金Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Grant/Award Number:KY-GW-2017-06 and KY-GW-2018-11
文摘Background: Lingual epithelia in the tongue tip are among the most rapidly regenerating tissues, but the mechanism of cell genesis in this tissue is still unknown. Previous study has suggested the existence of multiple stem cell pools in lingual epithelia and papillae. Like K14+ and Sox2+ cells, NTPDase2+ cells have characteristics of stem cells.Methods: We employed a system using doxycycline to conditionally ablate NTPDase2+ cells in lingual epithelia and papillae by regulated expression of the diphtheria toxin A(DTA) gene. Transgenic lines, which expressed the rtTA gene in NTPDase2+ cells, were produced by pronuclear injection of zygotes from C57 BL/6 mice using the BAC clone RP23-47 P18. The NTPDase2-rtTA transgenic mice were crossed with the TetO-DTA transgenic animals. The double transgenic mice were treated with doxycycline. Doxycycline(Dox) was diluted in 5% sucrose in water to a final concentration of 0.3-0.5 mg/mL and supplied as drinking water.Results: After 15 days of Dox induction, the expression of NTPDase2, Sox2 and K14 was ablated from lingual epithelia. DTA expression in NTPDase2+cells did not inhibit the turnover of GNAT3+ or PLCb2+ cells in taste buds,nor the expression of S100 b beneath lingual epithelia and papillae. After35 days ablation of NTPDase2+ cells, the basic structure of lingual epithelia and papillae remained intact. However, the ratio of cell to total tissue area was decreased in lingual epithelia and circumvallate(CV) papillae. DTA expression also inhibited the regeneration of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue tip.Conclusions: These studies provide important insights into the understanding of dynamic equilibrium among the multiple stem cell populations present in the lingual epithelia and papillae.
基金Acknowledgements The authors thank the Research Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support （Grant numbers： 31060141 and 31000190）. The paper was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Lanzhou University.
文摘This study presents the first definitive anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the cattleyak. Data on tongues from 12 healthy cattle-yaks were collected. The results show that five types of papillae were identifiable on the tongue surface of the cattle-yak. Among these, three types were mechanical papillae （filiform, conical, and lenticular）, and two types were gustatory papillae （vallate and fungiform）. Some morphological features of the cattle-yak tongue were similar to those of domestic ruminants, but the lingual prominence was higher and more developed. For example, more mechanical papillae were present and they were covered by a thicker, keratinized epithelium, the conical papillae possibly perform an immune function, the fungiform papillae have more mucus- secreting pores, and the sublingual glands were more developed. This research will provide a further and detailed source of morphological information about the cattle-yak that is currently lacking in species-specific studies on the morphology of the Bovidae family.
