不同电学参数和水流条件下电栅对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的阻拦效果

脉冲直流电导阻鱼技术已被广泛应用于阻止入侵物种扩散、驱赶鱼类远离危险区域并将其引导至有利区域,如鱼道。但是脉冲直流电的有效性受多方面因素的影响,其主导因素目前尚未定论。以鲤为研究对象,在静水条件下采用4因素3水平正交实验方法分析了脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和电极摆放方式的电栅拦鱼效果及其对鱼类受伤尾数的主次影响,然后选择最优组合开展不同流速下(0,0.3,0.5 m/s)的驱鱼实验,分析流速对拦鱼效果的影响。结果表明:在静水工况下,影响拦鱼电栅效率的主要因素为电极布置方式>脉冲宽度>脉冲频率>脉冲电压,电极布置为方式1(垂直水流间距80 cm)、脉冲电压140 V、脉冲频率10 Hz、脉冲宽度10 ms是拦鱼效果最佳的组合。电学参数对鲤的伤害无显著性,平均受伤尾数不超过实验鱼总数的15%。流水条件下,三种流速工况下拦鱼电栅的阻拦率无显著差异,但是随着流速的增高阻拦率呈现先降低后增加的趋势。该研究将为保护鱼类资源和防止入侵鱼类跨区域传播提供依据。

Unveiling the emerging role of curcumin to alleviate ochratoxin A-induced muscle toxicity in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):in vitro and in vivo studies

Background Ochratoxin A(OTA),a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant,is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution.The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear.This study screened the substance curcumin(Cur),which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation,from 96 natural products and investigated its effect and mechanism in reducing OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 11.06±0.05 g,were randomly assigned into 4 groups:the control group(without OTA and Cur),1.2 mg/kg OTA group,400 mg/kg Cur group,and 1.2 mg/kg OTA+400 mg/kg Cur group.Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates(180 fish)for 60 d.Results Firstly,we cultured,purified,and identified myoblasts using the tissue block culture method.Through preliminary screening and re-screening of 96 substances,we examined cell proliferation-related indicators such as cell viability and ultimately found that Cur had the best effect.Secondly,Cur could alleviate OTA-inhibited myoblast differentiation and myofibrillar development-related proteins(Myo G and MYHC)in vivo and in vitro and improve the growth performance of grass carp.Then,Cur could also promote the expression of OTA-inhibited protein synthesis-related proteins(S6K1 and TOR),which was related to the activation of the AKT/TOR signaling pathway.Finally,Cur could downregulate the expression of OTA-enhanced protein degradation-related genes(murf1,foxo3a,and ub),which was related to the inhibition of the Fox O3a signaling pathway.Conclusions In summary,our data demonstrated the effectiveness of Cur in alleviating OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.This study confirms the rapidity,feasibility,and effectiveness of establishing a natural product screening method targeting myoblasts to alleviate fungal toxin toxicity.

Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements of Carp

Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia,distributed in all regions of the world except Australia and South America.With the improvement of comprehensive and healthy breeding technology of carp,the unit yield has been greatly increased mainly due to the exten-sive use of compound feed.In this study,the nutritional requirements of carp were summarized from the aspects of protein,amino acids,fat,carbohydrate,calcium and phosphorus,vitamins and taurine.This study provides a certain theoretical reference for scientific formula of carp feed.

Dietary protein levels changed the hardness of muscle by acting on muscle fiber growth and the metabolism of collagen in sub-adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Background:Nutrient regulation has been proven to be an effective way to improve the flesh quality in fish.As a necessary nutrient for fish growth,protein accounts for the highest proportion in the fish diet and is expensive.Although our team found that the effect of protein on the muscle hardness of grass carp was probably related to an increased collagen content,the mechanism for this effect has not been deeply explored.Moreover,few studies have explored the protein requirements of sub-adult grass crap(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Therefore,the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance,nutritional value,muscle hardness,muscle fiber growth,collagen metabolism and related molecule expression in grass carp were investigated.Methods:A total of 450 healthy grass carp(721.16±1.98 g)were selected and assigned randomly to six experimen-tal groups with three replicates each(n=25/replicate),and were fed six diets with 15.91%,19.39%,22.10%,25.59%,28.53%and 31.42%protein for 60 d.Results:Appropriate levels of dietary protein increased the feed intake,percentage weight gain,specific growth rate,body composition,unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle,partial free amino acid content in muscle,and muscle hardness of grass carp.These protein levels also increased the muscle fiber density,the frequency of new muscle fibers,the contents of collagen and IGF-1,and the enzyme activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylases and lysyloxidase,and decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2.At the molecular level,the optimal dietary protein increased col-lagen type Iα1(Colα1),Colα2,PI3K,Akt,S6K1,La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6a(LARP6a),TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad4,Smad3,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2,MyoD,Myf5,MyoG and MyHC relative mRNA levels.The levels of the myostatin-1 and myostatin-2 genes were downregulated,and the protein expression levels of p-Smad2,Smad2,Smad4,p-Akt,Akt,LARP6 and Smad3 were increased.Conclusions:The appropriate levels of dietary protein promoted the growth of sub-adult grass carp and improved muscle hardness by promoting the growth of muscle fibers,improving collagen synthesis and depressing collagen degradation.In addition,the dietary protein requirements of sub-adult grass carp were 26.21%and 24.85%according to the quadratic regression analysis of growth performance(SGR)and the muscle hardness(collagen content),respectively.

Mannan oligosaccharides alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)via the Nrf2 signaling pathway after Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

Implications of vitamin D for flesh quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):antioxidant ability,nutritional value,sensory quality,and myofiber characteristics

Background Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals.Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response.In recent years,dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat.However,the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals,and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood.Here,the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality,antioxidant ability,and myofiber development was examined in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Methods A total of 540 healthy grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 257.24±0.63 g,were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each,and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2,364.3,782.5,1,167.9,1,573.8,and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d.Results Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets,enhancing crude protein,free amino acid,lipid,and collagen contents;maintaining an ideal pH;and reduc-ing lactate content,shear force,and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control(15.2 IU/kg)group.Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers>50μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5–1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D.Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased,and the expression of antioxi-dant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group.In addition,supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule(target of rapamycin)signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs,along with inhibition of protein degradation(forkhead box protein 1)signaling.Conclusions Overall,the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber devel-opment,thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh.These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich,high quality aquaculture products.

老年PMR抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb及抗CarP抗体检测意义

目的 探讨老年风湿性多肌痛(polymyalgia rheumatica,PMR)血抗髓过氧化物酶(anti-myeloperoxidase,抗MPO)抗体、血小板糖蛋白Ⅰb(platelet glycoproteinⅠb,GPⅠb)及抗氨甲酰化蛋白(anti-carbamylated protein,抗CarP)抗体检测的临床意义。方法 选取2019年7月至2022年1月温州市人民医院风湿免疫科收治的65例老年PMR患者(年龄≥60岁)为观察组,65例非老年PMR患者(年龄<60岁)为对照组,两组均予以泼尼松15mg/d连续治疗4周,检测两组患者治疗前后PMR活动度评分(PMR activity score,PMR-AS)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体的变化;各指标和PMR-AS间的相关性采用Pearson相关分析;绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析各指标对疾病活动程度判断的准确性。结果 治疗后两组患者的PMR-AS、CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平及病例异常率均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组患者下降更显著(P<0.05);老年PMR患者的CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平与PMR-AS均呈正相关(r=0.580、0.808、0.755、0.739、0.811,P均<0.001);CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体对疾病活动度准确性判断的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.753、0.811、0.830、0.856、0.887,诊断敏感度分别为62.50%、75.25%、65.50%、75.00%和79.50%,诊断特异性分别为75.25%、80.05%、82.55%、87.50%和90.05%。结论 血抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平与老年PMR患者病情活动度呈正相关,泼尼松治疗后各指标水平值下降明显,有望成为老年PMR患者疾病活动情况和治疗效果的监测指标。

食醋对鲫鱼汤品质的影响

为探究食醋对鲫鱼汤品质的影响,以鲫鱼为原料,加食醋或不加食醋,将其熬制不同时间,对鲫鱼汤的色泽和营养物质进行分析。结果表明,食醋有利于鲫鱼中营养物质的溶出,如可溶性固形物;添加食醋后,随着熬制时间的增加,蛋白质含量先升高后降低,且可以使汤在短时间内获得丰富的矿物质;不加食醋,随着熬制时间的增加,鲫鱼汤的色差L*值明显升高,即汤色变白,且鲫鱼汤中脂肪、蛋白质、胆碱和Ca含量也明显增加;鲫鱼汤富含多种多不饱和脂肪酸,包括亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸,其占比达总脂肪酸的30%,且食醋对鲫鱼汤中的脂肪酸组成没有明显的影响。综上,食醋能加速鲫鱼营养物质的溶解,但熬制时间不宜过长,加食醋后熬制2 h时鲫鱼汤的营养最丰富。

湖泊深水暂养过程中鳙鱼品质变化研究

为了研究天然水体长成鳙鱼在不同月份暂养过程中鳙鱼体形、肌肉营养、滋味、免疫及抗氧化物质的变化,采集花亭湖5月、8月、11月和次年3月暂养鳙鱼进行系统研究。结果显示,从体形来看,暂养处理对鳙鱼有瘦身效果;不同月份鳙鱼肌肉基本营养成分含量有差别,暂养处理后,鳙鱼肌肉蛋白质和脂肪含量降低,水分和灰分含量升高;脂肪酸组成发生变化,主要表现在饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量降低,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量升高;肌肉免疫和抗氧化成分含量随着暂养时间的延长显著降低;游离氨基酸总量随着暂养时间的延长不断提高,呈现甜味氨基酸占比不断提高;呈味核苷酸总量提高。

两条鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性及作用机制比较

目的:探讨鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的作用机制和构效关系。方法:采用差示扫描量热和分子动力学模拟方法对比分析了两条鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性、结构及其作用模式。结果:Pv-AFP 1(KAADSFNHKAFFAKVG)呈稳定的α-螺旋结构,而Pv-AFP 2(KAADSFNHKAF)倾向于呈无规卷曲;Pv-AFP 1的热滞值为0.87℃,总平均亲水性为-0.21,热滞活性和两亲性均优于Pv-AFP 2(0.74℃,-0.71);分子动力学模拟显示Pv-AFP 1能结合53个水分子,可形成16个氢键吸附至冰晶表面,结合能为-1514 kJ/mol,均大于Pv-AFP 2(能结合50个水分子,通过形成11个氢键吸附至冰面,结合能为-805 kJ/mol);尽管两条肽序列相似,但其与水分子和冰晶相互作用的主要位点和模式也有一定差异。此外,两条肽均能与冰水界面相互作用,改变了冰面的曲率从而抑制了水的结冰,但Pv-AFP 1抑制冰面生长的效果优于Pv-AFP 2,与热滞活性结果一致。结论:鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性可能与构象、两亲性及其与水分子和冰晶相互作用的亲和力、位点和模式有关。

免疫磁珠富集水中鲤春病毒血症病毒的初步研究

为建立一种富集水中鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)的技术,本研究利用SVCV多克隆抗体制备免疫磁珠,通过对磁珠耦联抗体量的优化,确定该免疫磁珠有效富集SVCV的最低浓度,建立一种富集SVCV的免疫磁珠分离技术,并联合荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)技术对水中SVCV进行检测。结果显示,1 mg磁珠与75μg SVCV多克隆抗体耦联时,耦联的抗体量最大,耦联率为98.48%;耦联后的免疫磁珠对SVCV(200μL,浓度为1.54×10^(6)拷贝/μL)的富集效率最高为91.56%。以该多克隆抗体量制备的免疫磁珠富集10倍倍比稀释的SVCV(3.54×10^(6)拷贝/μL~3.54×10^(3)拷贝/μL),以确定其有效富集SVCV的最低浓度。结果显示,1 mg免疫磁珠能够使200μL病毒液(3.54×10^(3)拷贝/μL)富集率达到61.58%。表明该免疫磁珠能够有效富集SVCV。在免疫磁珠分离技术联合RT-qPCR技术检测水样品中SVCV(浓度约为1.16×10^(4)拷贝/μL)的结果显示,免疫磁珠组富集SVCV核酸量是裸磁珠组富集SVCV核酸量的1.77×10^(3)倍,是未处理组富集SVCV核酸量的1.68×10^(3)倍,免疫磁珠组富集SVCV均极显著高于裸磁珠组和未处理组(P<0.01),裸磁珠组富集的SVCV与未处理组则无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究首次建立了一种能够有效富集水中SVCV的方法,为SVCV的监测提供了技术手段。

氨基酸微量元素螯合物对草鱼肝脏和肠道健康的影响

为研究饲料中氨基酸微量元素螯合物(铁、锰、铜、锌)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肝脏和肠道健康的影响。共设置6组等氮(30%)、等脂(4.7%)实验饲料,对照组(CON)为不添加铁、锰、铜、锌4种微量元素的基础饲料,在对照组配方基础上添加无机铁(50 mg/kg)、铜(2 mg/kg)、锰(10 mg/kg)、锌(40 mg/kg)制成IT100组,用氨基酸微量元素螯合物以25%(OT25组)、50%(OT50组)、75%(OT75组)和100%(OT100组)的比例替代IT100组中无机微量元素,投喂初始体质量(40.05±0.05) g的草鱼8周。研究显示,与对照组相比,饲料中添加无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物显著提高了草鱼肝脏的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、微量还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低了丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。OT100组显著提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,且OT75组和OT100组GPx活性和GSH含量显著高于IT100组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,各组草鱼的肝细胞形态和肝血窦丰度趋于正常。与对照组相比,除OT25组外,其余各组的肠道绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量显著提高,且OT75和OT100组显著高于IT100组。无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物降低了草鱼肠道细胞因子白介素-6(il-6)和白介素-1β(il-1β)基因表达量,提高了肠道紧密连接蛋白闭锁小带蛋白-2(zo-2)和claudin12基因表达量。OT75组显著提高了zo-1和occludin基因表达量,且OT75组il-1β基因表达量显著低于IT100组。综上所述,无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物均可显著改善草鱼肠道和肝脏健康,75%氨基酸微量元素螯合物的作用效果显著优于无机微量元素。

红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因对壬基酚胁迫的响应

【目的】明确红鲫SRY相关高迁移率族盒蛋白8基因(Sox8)表达模式及壬基酚(NP)暴露对红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因表达的影响,为揭示NP胁迫下红鲫胚胎发育畸形的分子机制提供科学依据。【方法】运用RACE克隆红鲫Sox8基因cDNA全长序列,通过ProtParam、ProtScale、InterPro、PredictProtein、DeepTMHMM等在线软件进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测红鲫Sox8基因在各成体组织及不同胚胎发育阶段的表达情况,以及不同浓度NP暴露对红鲫胚胎期Sox8基因表达的影响。【结果】红鲫Sox8基因c DNA序列全长2163 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)1176bp,共编码391个氨基酸残基;红鲫SOX8蛋白相对分子量为43798.30Da,理论等电点(pI)为6.90,脂溶指数为49.92,不稳定指数为66.04,总平均亲水性指数(GRAVY)为-1.026,其N端含有Sox_N二聚化结构域和HMG-box结构域;基于SOX8氨基酸序列相似性构建的系统发育进化树显示红鲫与鲫的亲缘关系最近。红鲫Sox8基因在各成体组织中广泛表达,以脑组织中的Sox8基因相对表达量最高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05,下同);在红鲫胚胎发育过程中,Sox8基因的表达从受精后到14体节期呈逐渐下降趋势,但从21体节期开始Sox8基因相对表达量显著增高,直到孵化期始终维持在较高水平。在大多数情况下,NP暴露能显著影响红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因的表达,特别是14体节期后的发育阶段,NP暴露主要是不同程度地激活Sox8基因表达。【结论】Sox8基因表达在红鲫成体中具有组织特异性,且在胚胎发育过程中呈先降低后升高的变化趋势。NP暴露能显著影响红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因的表达,14体节期后Sox8基因表达水平升高可能是NP致畸红鲫胚胎的重要原因之一。

草鱼MHCⅠα基因克隆及其多态性特征分析

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是存在于脊椎动物染色体上、呈高度多态性的基因群,与机体的抗病性密切关系。MHCⅠ类分子由α链和β_(2m)微球蛋白组成,α链呈高度多态性。为探究草鱼MHCⅠα基因的多态性特征,本研究对3个草鱼个体的MHCⅠα基因进行克隆和测序,并使用生物信息学方法分析比较草鱼与小鼠、牛和鸡的MHCⅠα基因多态性特征。结果:共获得了5条草鱼MHCⅠα基因型序列,其基因编码332个氨基酸,包括信号肽、α1、α2、α3和TM/CY区域。草鱼MHCⅠα基因的氨基酸变异位点主要分布在α1和α2区域,与小鼠、牛和鸡MHCⅠα基因肽结合区(PBR)空间结构相似,多态性位点分布在抗原递呈的关键部位α螺旋或β折叠上。草鱼MHCⅠα基因的进化受自然环境的负向选择作用,而其他3个物种的进化方式均为正向选择。此外,草鱼MHCⅠα基因与其他脊椎动物亲缘关系较远,单独构成进化树上一大分支,且个体间继续分化为不同的亚支。本研究从基因层面阐述了草鱼MHCⅠα基因多态性特征和分子进化规律,为进一步探究低等脊椎动物MHCⅠα基因的生物学特征奠定基础。

静水环境下草鱼幼鱼摆尾-滑行动力学研究

为研究静水环境下幼鱼摆尾-滑行时的推、阻力形成过程和鱼体周身流体作用机理,以草鱼幼鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为研究对象,利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量了草鱼幼鱼周身流场,计算了草鱼幼鱼周身由流体正压和流体负压产生的作用力,比较了草鱼幼鱼头、中、尾部产生的推、阻力占比和游泳效率。结果表明:摆尾阶段的幼鱼推力主要来源于流体负压;滑行阶段的幼鱼则主要依靠鱼体周身流体正压形成的推力推动自身前进。整个摆尾-滑行周期内,草鱼幼鱼尾部流体形成的推力占总推力的48.81%,是推力的主要产生部位,且尾部的平均游泳效率(77.28%±16.87%)要明显高于头部和中部;草鱼幼鱼中部集中的阻力最多,占总阻力的67.82%,是幼鱼的主要阻力形成部位。

苯并芘对鲤鱼胆囊的毒性效应及响应机制

为探讨苯并芘对鲤鱼胆囊的毒理机制,以鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为试验材料,采用15 d慢性毒性试验(苯并芘质量浓度分别为0、0.025和0.25 mg/L),通过检测鲤鱼胆囊中苯并芘质量分数、抗氧化参数、转录应答及免疫基因表达。结果显示:胆囊组织中的苯并芘质量分数积累随着苯并芘胁迫质量浓度显著升高,侧面反映了胆囊在解毒和排毒过程中扮演着重要角色;B[a]P暴露后胆囊抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和丙二醛浓度均升高,表明机体可通过激活抗氧化酶系统以应对氧化应激;低质量浓度B[a]P暴露会引起鲤胆囊组织的免疫应答,激活Notch受体信号通路,进而引起细胞凋亡并消除自身组织中过多或异常的细胞;而高质量浓度B[a]P暴露会抑制RIG-I和Notch受体信号通路,引起胆囊免疫稳态失衡,细胞凋亡受到抑制,从而延长异常细胞的存活时间,并进一步激活免疫细胞,导致自身组织的损伤。本研究初步揭示了鲤胆囊细胞应对苯并芘暴露的可能自我保护机制,实现对水环境中多环芳烃污染的早期预警及生态风险评估提供理论基础。

草鱼养殖池塘水温生态适宜度评价基准初探

水温是决定池塘养殖鱼类能否生存和健康生长的关键因素之一。文章系统地梳理了国内外涉及水温对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生理生态影响的研究结果,将水温对草鱼生长和生存的生态适宜度划分为5个等级期,并以此为基础研究确定了5个生态适宜度等级期的温度(t)基准(范围):死亡期t≤2.0℃或t≥38.0℃;危险期t∈(2.0,4.0)℃或t∈[35.0,38.0)℃;影响期t∈[4.0~18.0)℃或t∈(33.0~35.0)℃;正常期t∈[18.0~26.0)℃或t∈(30.0~33.0]℃;最适期t∈[26.0~30.0]℃。研究结果可为广大养殖户开展池塘水温安全管理和生态适宜度调节工作提供参考。

不同脂肪源对草鱼生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验将不同脂肪源添加到草鱼日常饲料中,研究对其生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验将450尾草鱼平均分为5组,分别添加鱼油、猪油、豆油、玉米油和混合油为脂肪源,试验为期30d。结果表明,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加不同种类的脂肪源对草鱼末重、增重率有显著影响(P <0.05),其中添加玉米油为脂肪源的试验组对提高草鱼生长性能效果最显著,草鱼平均增重率比对照组显著提高12.23%(P <0.05);其次,在日粮中添加不同种类的脂肪源对草鱼鱼体营养成分也有显著影响(P <0.05),添加玉米油脂肪源的试验组肌肉蛋白指标与对照组相比差异最显著,比对照组显著提高7.16%(P <0.05)。最后,在日粮中添加不同水平的脂肪源对草鱼血清中IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫指标均有显著影响(P <0.05),其中添加玉米油脂肪源的试验组血清免疫指标与对照组相比差异最显著,IgA、IgG、IgM分别提高了17.7%、20.9%和36.8%(P <0.05)。本试验结果表明,在日粮中添加5%玉米油作为脂肪源,对草鱼的促生长效果最显著,可使草鱼的增重及鱼体肌肉蛋白含量最高。

罗非鱼混养对广西三江传统稻渔综合种养系统环境及其菌群多样性的影响

研究罗非鱼混养对广西三江传统稻渔综合种养系统环境的影响,可为科学推广稻田金边鲤-罗非鱼混养模式提供基础。2021年5-10月设置3个试验组和1个对照组研究不同密度混养对种养系统环境及菌群多样性的影响,其中试验组内进行罗非鱼和金边鲤的混养,对照组为鲤单养组。结果表明,金边鲤的生长未受到罗非鱼混养的影响;高通量测序结果显示水体中的主要菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria),主要功能为化能异养和有氧化能异养;底泥中的主要菌群为变形菌门和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),其次为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)和蓝菌门,主要功能类群为甲烷生成和化能异养。罗非鱼高密度混养组稻田底泥中的总氮和硝酸盐氮含量有所下降,水体中Polynucleobacter等水质良好的指示物种相对丰度增加,罗非鱼混养对稻渔综合种养系统环境及其菌群产生了有益的影响。

小浪底水库运行下花园口河段黄河鲤生态流量研究

【目的】大坝和水库等水利工程的修建在带来防洪减灾效益的同时,也给所在区域的水生生物栖息繁衍带来了一定影响,诊断关键水生生物的生态流量对大坝下游的生态环境修复工作具有重要意义。【方法】以黄河下游花园口河段为例,探讨了小浪底水库运行下不同流量情景下的黄河鲤栖息地质量情况,并由此推求黄河鲤的生态流量。基于栖息地模拟法,通过构建耦合栖息地适宜度模型的二维水动力模型,分析了黄河鲤鱼苗期、亲鱼期的栖息地适宜度指数空间分布,分别建立了黄河鲤两个生命阶段流量与栖息地加权可用面积关系曲线。【结果】结果表明:随着模拟流量的增大,黄河鲤不同生命阶段的栖息地适宜度指数空间分布及栖息地加权可用面积呈现先增加,达到峰值后逐渐减小的变化规律。【结论】黄河下游花园口河段的最小生态流量为1 150 m~3/s,适宜生态流量为1 450 m~3/s,最适宜生态流量为3 000 m~3/s,研究成果加深了对大流量情景下黄河鲤栖息地质量的认识,对黄河下游生态保护与修复具有重要意义。