The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e. the rapid uplifting of the the Songpan-Garze fold belt was corresponding to the rapid subsidence of the basin;the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at a much greater rate than the West Sichuan foeland basin in the last 60 Ma;and (7) the palaeogeothermal gradient was 25℃ /km in the West Sichuan foreland basin.

Microclimate regulation efficiency of the rural homegarden agroforestry system in the Western Sichuan Plain,China

Traditional rural homegarden agroforestry systems(referred to as homegarden) in the Western Sichuan Plain of China are often referred to as "Linpan" in Chinese. These homegardens are usually composed of farm houses, trees, bamboos, and small patches of land for flowers, fruits and vegetables. Over the Western Sichuan Plain’s area of approximately 18,800 km^2, there were more than 200,000 homegardens, accommodating 72.5% of the region’s rural population. As a unique local, cultural, and ecological resource, homegardens continuously support peasant households with provisioning, regulation, and landscape ecosystem services. This study combined low height remote sensing used unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) photography, field investigation, and instrument monitoring. We try to identify the composition and structural characteristics of homegardens, as well as climatic regulation effects of the different types of homegardens. Temperature data were collected both for summer(June to August 2016) and winter(December 2016 to February 2017). The result shows that:(1) the average area of homegardens was 0.67 ha(sizes ranging from 0.16 ha to 1.24 ha), and with vegetation coverage 43.5%-76.9%(including 310 plant species).(2)In comparision with outside the homegardens, the average temperature inside the homegardens was significantly lower in summer(approximately 0.31 ℃-0.90 ℃). Although, the lowest summer temperature was differentiatee in between 13:30-16:00. Especially, the thermal effects of the home gardens were ranged from 2.00℃-2.65℃ at high temperatures(≥30℃).(3) The cooling effect of homegardens were positively correlated(p<0.05) with tree area(X_1), vegetation coverage(X_2), tree coverage(X_3), tree species(X_4), and tree biomassper unit area(X_5), and the contribution rate was represented by X_3>X_4>X_5>X_2>X_1.(4)This study indicates the major role of homegardens for climate regulation and energy efficiency, providing suggestions for homegarden transformation and construction planning for new rural communities.

Three-Dimensional In Situ Stress-Field Simulations of Shale Gas Formations:A Case Study of the 5th Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang Gas Field,West Sichuan Depression

This work established a geological model for the 5th member of the Xujiahe Formation（X5 member） in the Xinchang gas field of the West Sichuan Depression based on the lithological, structural and depositional properties, as well as logging and well completion data and drill-core observations. Rock mechanical parameters were calculated according to rock mechanic experiments and rock mechanic interpretations from logging data. We also calculated the magnitudes and orientations of the in situ stresses based on acoustic emission tests, differential strain tests, fracturing behaviour and logging interpretations as well as anisotropy logging tests, borehole-breakout measurements and well-log data. Additionally, the present stress field of the X5 member was simulated using finite element numerical（FEM） simulation methods. The numerical simulation results indicate that the distributions of lithology and fractures are key factors that influence the present stress field. The stress field in the study area is discontinuous as a result of fractures and faults in the central and eastern areas. Stress is concentrated at the end sections and bends of faults, but dissipates with distance away from both sides of the faults. A longitudinal profile clearly demonstrates the zonality and continuity of the stress field and an increase with depth. The differential stress distribution is relatively uniform; however, large deviations occur in fracture zones.

New Re-Os Dating of Auriferous Pyrite from the Suoluogou Large Gold Deposit in Muli County, West Sichuan Province

Objective The Suoluogou gold depositin Muli County of Sichuan Province is located in the southern section of the GanziLitang suture zone(Fig.la),which is the largest gold deposit discovered in this suture zone in recent years.At present,the exploration of the Suoluogou gold deposit is still in progress,and the amount of resource is increasing.

Study on Active Faults and Seismogenic Structure for the 1989 Batang M6.2～6.7 Earthquake Swarm in the Litang-Batang Region of West Sichuan,China

Fault structures in the Litang-Batang region of West Sichuan are mainly sub-longitudinal and a set of NNE- and NW-trending conjugate shear fracture zones is developed. In this paper, emphasis is put on explaining the movement patterns along the fault structures in the region since the late Pleistocene-Holocene on the basis of detailed interpretation of TM satellite images and aero-photos in geomorphologic aspect of active structures. The sub-latitudinal shortening rate along the sub-longitudinal Jinshajiang fault zone is determined to be 2～3mm/a since the late Quaternary, the horizontal dextral slip movement rate along the NNE-trending Batang fault is 1.3～2.7mm/a on average, and the horizontal sinistral slip movement rate along the NW-trending Litang fault is 2.6～4.4 mm/a on average. The general status of the recent crustal movement in the region and the regularities of block motion caused by it are analyzed in combination with data of geophysical fields, focal mechanism solutions and GPS measurements. The occurrence of the 1989 Batang M6.2～6.7 earthquake swarm is suggested to be the result of tensional rupture along the sub-latitudinal normal fault derived from the conjugate shearing along the NNE-trending Batang and the NW-trending Litang faults. It reveals a typical seismic case produced by normal faulting in a compressional tectonic environment.

Application of New West-Sichuan Architectural Characteristics in Tourist Town Design——A Case Study of Conceptual Planning of Chuanzhu Township as a Town of Farming and Sericulture in E' meishan City of China

Evolution history of the new west-Sichuan dwellings was analyzed,and its characteristics were summarized as "properly-arranged layouts,unification with neighboring environment;plain facade,excellent ventilation and sun-shading;free layout of single building,definite axes and orderly changes;application of local materials,showing local cultural characteristics;valuing continuity of local cultures and human relationship".Conceptual planning of Zhuanzhu Township as a town of farming and sericulture in E'meishan City was taken for example to propose the overall planning concepts on the basis of its current conditions.And the planning concepts cover functional division,road system,landscape system and overall image,and aim to integrate regional cultural characteristics into the town planning.

Reconstruction of summer temperature variation from maximum density of alpine pine during 1917-2002 for west Sichuan Plateau, China

Having analyzed the tree ring width and maximum latewood density of Pinus densata from west Sichuan, we obtained different climate information from tree-ring width and maximum latewood density chronology. The growth of tree ring width was responded princi- pally to the precipitation in current May, which might be influenced by the activity of southwest monsoon, whereas the maximum latewood density reflected summer temperature （June-September）. According to the correlation relationship, a transfer function had been used to reconstruct summer temperature for the study area. The explained variance of reconstruction is 51% （F=52.099, p〈0.0001）. In the reconstruction series： before the 1930s, the climate was relatively cold, and relatively warm from 1930 to 1960, this trend was in accordance with the cold-warm period of the last 100 years, west Sichuan. Compared with Chengdu, the warming break point in west Sichuan is 3 years ahead of time, indicating that the Tibetan Plateau was more sensitive to temperature change. There was an evident summer warming signal after 1983. Although the last 100-year running average of summer temperature in the 1990s was the maximum, the running average of the early 1990s was below the average line and it was cold summer, but summer drought occurred in the late 1990s.

Geologic Characteristics of Gas Reservoirs in West Sichuan Foreland Basin

The foreland basin in West Sichuan is a tectonic unit that has undergone multi-periods tectonic movements of Indosinian-Yanshanian-Himalayan. Since late Triassic, it has been in a passive subsidence environment controlled by basin margin mountain systems and by the compression with abundant sediment sources. With the complex geologic setting, the main geologic characteristics of natural gas reservoir are listed as following： （1） Source rocks are coal-bearing mud and shale series with high to over maturity, and long and progressive hydrocarbon generation-displacement period. The key accumulation period is middle-late Yanshanian epoch. （2） There are three gas-bearing systems vertically, each of which has different reservoir mechanism, main-controlled factors and distribution law, so the exploration thoughts and techniques are also different. （3） Undergoing multi-period generation-migration-accumulation, oil and gas have encountered multi-period modification or destruction, and gas accumulation overpass multiple tectonic periods. So the trap type is complicated and dominated by combination traps. Because the main accumulation period of natural gas is early and the reservoir encountered the modification of strong Himalayan movement, there is great difference in the fullness degree of gas reservoirs and complicated gas-water relation. （4） Reservoir is tight to very tight, but reservoirs of relatively high quality developed under the super tight setting. （5） The key techniques for oil and gas exploration in west Sichuan foreland basin are the prediction of relatively favorable reservoirs, fractures and gas bearing; and the key techniques for oil and gas development are how to improve the penetration rate, reservoir protection and modification.

Big Gas Field Found in West Sichuan Depression

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基于农耕文化的川西林盘导视系统设计研究

目的 以导视系统为载体赋予川西林盘农耕文化新意境,是展现农耕文化的一种有效形式。以成都市郫都区林盘农耕文化导视系统设计为模型,以乡村发展复兴为契机推进农耕文化与乡村产业革新相融合,打造突显川西林盘特色的导视系统。方法 结合设计符号学理论,从元素符号的语义、语用、语境、语构四个维度,剖析川西林盘导视系统设计方法,以造型元素、色彩、材质肌理等客体对象解构导视系统符号化体系;同时与“境-景-人-物”四维体系相结合构建川西林盘导视系统。结果 表达林盘农耕文化外延造型及内涵意识,借助导视系统唤起川西农耕文化审美范式记忆,建立具有农耕文化特征符号的导视系统设计方法。结论 保护与传承川西农耕文化特色,提升川西林盘整体文化形象,拓展现代乡村导视系统设计思路。

川西林盘研究综述与展望——基于CiteSpace及VOSviewer

林盘是川西地区典型的农村散居聚落,近年来在乡村振兴和成都市公园城市建设背景下持续受到关注。采用文献计量分析法,结合CiteSpace及VOSviewer软件,将中国知网CNKI数据库当中2003~2023年发表的相关文献进行统计和可视化分析。研究表明:(1)当前川西林盘研究主要从空间形态、文化精神、多元价值、保护实践等方面展开;(2)研究内容与角度已经覆盖宏观、中观和微观,物质空间层面的研究趋于完善。未来研究应融入更多学科,加强关注川西林盘中的“人”与农业文化遗产价值。

川北—鄂西上二叠统富有机岩沉积与地球化学特征

【目的】随着非常规油气理论的发展,沉积有机质富集机理再次成为热点研究,其中有机质富集主控因素成为争论的焦点。以往的研究对沉积过程的分析较少,这可能是存在争论的原因之一。【方法】结合沉积学与地球化学研究方法,在分析层序地层学和沉积环境的基础上,详细开展元素地球化学研究,讨论富有机岩沉积有机质富集机理。【结果】四川盆地北部和鄂西盆地上二叠统吴家坪组自下而上分为吴一段、吴二段和吴三段,大隆组自下而上分为大一段和大二段。吴家坪组至大隆组自下而上总共分为五个三级层序SQ1~SQ5。由层序地层学分析将广利海槽和鄂西海槽的发展分为四个阶段,分别为初始、快速发展、高潮稳定和萎缩阶段。初始阶段主要发育SQ2时期斜坡相暗色硅质灰岩,快速发展阶段主要发育SQ3时期陆棚相钙质页岩,高潮稳定阶段主要发育SQ4时期盆地相黑色硅质岩,萎缩阶段主要发育SQ5时期斜坡相石灰岩。含异常高有机质的甜点段主要形成于SQ3高位域至SQ5海侵域沉积期,在该时期Fe、Cu、Ni和Zn营养元素周期性富集,Mo、V、Fe/Al和S等氧化还原敏感元素均表现为较高的水平,热液强度参数Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)和Al-Fe-Mn三角图均指示频繁的热液活动特征。【结论】在甜点段,高营养元素含量和初级生产力水平的出现早于强还原条件,说明沉积水体的氧化还原条件主要受控于沉积有机质沉降埋藏过程中对氧的消耗,有机质的富集主要受较高初级生产力的控制。营养物质P、Si、Fe、Zn的供应主要与裂陷槽形成过程中深部热液活动和周围火山活动有关,这些构造活动周期性带来大量营养物质提高了初级生产力水平。因此海洋表层高的初级生产力水平是甜点段异常高有机质富集的启动和基础条件,而海洋底部水体较强的还原环境是有机质埋藏和保存的关键因素。

川西新场须二段致密砂岩储层甜点类型及成因机制

川西新场地区上三叠统须家河组二段(须二段)天然气资源丰富,砂体大面积发育,储层孔渗较低,甜点成因复杂。为了阐明新场须二段甜点类型及成因,以岩芯观察、薄片分析、微米CT、阴极发光等多技术手段,在对储层岩石学、孔喉特征、有效裂缝特征等分析基础上,对甜点进行分类。新场须二段主要发育基质孔隙型、断缝型、层理缝型等3种甜点类型,不同类型甜点形成原因存在差异。强水动力条件下形成的高能分流河道、富石英砂岩是基质型甜点形成基础,在相对较弱的压实及胶结作用、较强的溶蚀作用下易形成基质型甜点;在靠近大型断层的基质孔渗较好部位易发育断缝型甜点;层理缝型甜点分布规模较小,不同类型层理界面处颗粒粒度、组分存在差异,发生差异成岩作用,形成力学薄弱面。新场须二段甜点发育受沉积、成岩及构造非均质性控制,对甜点类型的成因分析,有利于对甜点进行分类评价。

西蜀园林造园艺术在川西林盘保护性开发中的应用

通过对川西林盘和西蜀园林自然意境、空间布局、文化底蕴、环境要素4个方面的分析,表明川西林盘和西蜀园林具有密切的内在联系。以三鱼萌狮文化村为例,从“道法自然”的设计理念,到乡土文化的保护与创作,再到山水、植物、建筑的精细化景观营造等多个角度,对西蜀园林造园艺术如何在川西林盘保护性开发中加以应用进行了阐述。借此表明,西蜀园林的造园艺术通过继承和发展可以应用到川西林盘的保护性开发中,通过对西蜀园林和川西林盘必要的文化融合研究可以为探索公园城市的乡村表达,最终构建起生态环境优美、城乡融合发展的公园城市体系提供新路径、新方法。

川西林盘不同生境的声景观与环境探讨

川西林盘是成都市人居环境格局的重要组成部分,具有丰富的声景观资源。为探究川西林盘声景和植被条件之间的关系,为声景监测与评估川西林盘生态环境提供科学依据,助力川西林盘乡村生态修复与振兴,对成都典型川西林盘聚落明月村进行了声景观组分和植被丰富度的调查研究。通过分析不同生境型下的声景和收集的植被丰富度得分,初步探究了声景与植被丰富度之间的关系。研究结果表明,声景在一定程度上可以反映植被条件甚至表明场地内在的生物多样性价值。

寓善于闲:公益组织对川西平原乡村的本土化适应

尊重地方特色,对乡村进行本土化适应,关乎公益组织在乡村的可持续运行。城乡交融背景下,川西平原乡村充满休闲底蕴的景观环境、民众心态和活动资源,为公益组织的本土化适应提供了文化基础。基于对川西平原Q村的调查研究,指出互惠型的公益理念、生活化的公益场景、商业式的公益资助,可成为公益组织与民众休闲生活相结合的本土化适应路径。充分发挥公益组织对村民自身成长和乡村有效治理的促进作用,成为其深度参与乡村全面振兴的新方向。

新世纪以来中国电影中川西地区的空间生产——基于乡村振兴战略的考察

基于对社会空间的整合性考察,列斐伏尔提出了空间实践、空间表象和表征性空间的空间三元辩证法。对于新世纪以来中国电影中的川西地区而言,这种三元辩证法是由形式范畴下的人造风景、话语建构式的乡土乌托邦、第三化活动中的旅行意象共同构成。川西影像的空间生产需要不断丰富现有的表征性空间,并动用身体的全部能量开发全新的表征性空间,这不但有助于确保该空间的生产活力,也有利于持续发挥川西影像在振兴乡村中的积极作用。

符号学视角下传统川西林盘的现代转译

自我国大力发展生态文明建设以来,许多人逐渐意识到乡土作为人与自然联系最真实的纽带,是人们稳态的物质基础和宁静的精神力量来源。乡土民居作为农村人生活城市人体验的重要载体,成为建筑师的重要研究和设计对象。普利茨克建筑奖获奖者迪埃贝多·弗朗西斯·凯雷更是为传统乡土民居元素在当代建筑的运用提供了国际视野和世界潮流的引导。基于此,采取转译设计理论这一从符号学中提取出来的最为基础的方法论,用格物致知的态度,从传统川西林盘中的林盘文化和川西民居,分析其与现代乡土民居建筑有关的建筑材料、色彩、结构、装饰、基本功能及空间组合,理解并尝试总结与传统民居元素有关的代表性建筑设计的乡土民居元素再生设计手法与表现意境。

Diagenetic fluid evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone: An example from the reservoir sandstone of the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area, Sichuan Province, China

Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolu- tion, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = 2.14%o, 8180 = -5.77‰）, and was precipitated early. It was precipitated di- rectly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid（ δ180 = -3‰）, which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = -2.36%0, 8180 = -15.68‰）. This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2＋, Fe3＋ and Mg2＋ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the buri- al process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite ce- ments in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone （δ13C = 1.93%o, δ180 = -6.11‰）, demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio （δ180 of about 2.2‰）. The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratios during cement precipitation reflect the influences of different water-rock interaction systems or different wa- ter-rock interaction strengths. This is the main reason why the sandstone containing many rigid particles （lithic quartz sand- stone） has a relatively negative carbon isotope ratio and why the precipitation fluid in calcarenaceous sandstone has a relatively heavier oxygen isotope ratio.

Ladinian radiolarian fauna, siliceous rock from the Xianshuihe Belt, West Sichuan and their tectonic significance

Ladinian radiolarian fauna, including Muelleritortis, Baumgartneria, Oertlispongus, Paroertlispongus, Pseudoertlispongus, etc., was discovered from the siliceous rock of the Runiange Formation in the Xianshuihe belt, West Sichuan Province. Geochemical test on five samples from the siliceous rock indicates that SiO2 content varies in 71.16%-90.06% and Si/Al ratio, in 49-71, which shows that the siliceous rock contains more terrigenous mud sediments. The siliceous rock is characterized by the large ratios of Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) (0.63-0.81) and Ti/V (>26), the low ratio of V/Y (<2.8), and low vanadium content (<23 μg/g), which are similar to the geochemical characteristics of continental margin siliceous rock. The Ce/Ce* ratios of the four samples vary in 1.02-1.47 and the LaN/CeN ratio, in 0.75-1.07, which imply that the siliceous rock was deposited in the continental margin basin. But only one sample is similar to the oceanic siliceous rock in REE. Turbidite-siliceous rock bearing radiolarian-basalt assemblage and the geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rock indicate that the Xianshuihe belt is in the strong rift stage in the Ladinian age.