Recent progress on nuclear liquid gas phase transition (LGPT) has been reviewed, especially for the signals of LGPT in heavy ion collisions. These signals include the power-law charge distribution, cluster emission ra...Recent progress on nuclear liquid gas phase transition (LGPT) has been reviewed, especially for the signals of LGPT in heavy ion collisions. These signals include the power-law charge distribution, cluster emission rate, nuclear Zipf law, bimodality, the largest fluctuation of the fragments, Δ-scaling, caloric curve, phase coexis- tence diagram, critical temperature, critical exponent analysis, negative specific heat capacity and spinodal instability etc. The systematic works of the authors on experimental and theoretical LGPT are also introduced.展开更多
This work presents the electrochemical properties of gadolinium(Gd), a significant rare earth element in spent nuclear fuel(SNF), in the LiCl-KCl eutectic. To explore thermodynamic properties of Gd at the liquid galli...This work presents the electrochemical properties of gadolinium(Gd), a significant rare earth element in spent nuclear fuel(SNF), in the LiCl-KCl eutectic. To explore thermodynamic properties of Gd at the liquid gallium(Ga) electrode, experiments were performed both on the inert tungsten(W) and liquid gallium(Ga) electrode at different temperatures in a range from 723 to 823 K, which show that the Gd metal can be oxidized to Gd(Ⅲ) by exchanging of 3 electrons. Electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry(CV), open circuit potential(OCP), potentiostatic electrolysis and galvanostatic electrolysis were utilized to detect the electrochemical behavior and evaluate standard apparent potential of the Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd couple,and E(Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd)*=-3.456 + 6.2×10-4T(±0.046)( vs Cl2/Cl-) is obtained.In addition, electromotive force(EMF) and coulometric titration were employed to calculate the activity and activity coefficient of Gd in metal Ga. After calculation, the activity is 1.791×10-15at 723 K and function of activity coefficient and temperature is lgγ = 3.485-10927/T(±0.0875).展开更多
Generally, most soil slope failures are induced by rainfall infiltration, a process that involves interactions between the liquid phase, gas phase,and solid skeleton in an unsaturated soil slope. In this study, a loos...Generally, most soil slope failures are induced by rainfall infiltration, a process that involves interactions between the liquid phase, gas phase,and solid skeleton in an unsaturated soil slope. In this study, a loosely coupled liquid-gas-solid three-phase model, linking two numerical codes,TOUGH2/EOS3, which is used for water-air two-phase flow analysis, and FLAC^(3D), which is used for mechanical analysis, was established. The model was validated through a documented water drainage experiment over a sandy column and a comparison of the results with measured data and simulated results from other researchers. The proposed model was used to investigate the features of water-air two-phase flow and stress fields in an unsaturated soil slope during rainfall infiltration. The slope stability analysis was then performed based on the simulated water-air two-phase seepage and stress fields on a given slip surface. The results show that the safety factor for the given slip surface decreases first, then increases, and later decreases until the rainfall stops. Subsequently, a sudden rise occurs. After that, the safety factor decreases continually and reaches its lowest value, and then increases slowly to a steady value. The lowest value does not occur when the rainfall stops, indicating a delayed effect of the safety factor. The variations of the safety factor for the given slip surface are therefore caused by a combination of pore-air pressure, matric suction, normal stress, and net normal stress.展开更多
In this work, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of classical solu-tions to a viscous liquid-gas two-phase model with mass-dependent viscosity and vacuum in one dimension, where the initial vacuum is allowe...In this work, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of classical solu-tions to a viscous liquid-gas two-phase model with mass-dependent viscosity and vacuum in one dimension, where the initial vacuum is allowed. We get the upper and lower bounds of gas and liquid masses n and m by the continuity methods which we use to study the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.展开更多
The gas-liquid flow field in a stirred tank with a Rushton disk turbine,including the impeller region,was numerically simulated using the improved inner-outer iterative procedure.The characteristic features of the str...The gas-liquid flow field in a stirred tank with a Rushton disk turbine,including the impeller region,was numerically simulated using the improved inner-outer iterative procedure.The characteristic features of the strirred tank,such as gas cavity and accumulation of gas at the two sides of wall baffles,can be captured by the simulation.The simulated results agree well with available experimental data.Since the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm demands no empirical formula and experimental data for the impeller region,and the approach seems generally applicable for simulating gas-liquid stirred tanks.展开更多
Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this ...Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this paper based on CLSVOF(coupled level set and volume of fluid method) multiphase model. After verifying the reasonability of the model through experiment, by changing wall properties and Re number(Re<1500), the influences of contact angle and surface roughness on flow regime and Po number were discussed. Moreover, the difference of pressure drop between curve and straight microchannel was also calculated. Beyond that, the combined effect of curve channel and wall properties on flow resistance was analyzed. This paper finds that wall properties have great influence on gas–liquid flow in microchannels not only on flow regime but also flow characteristics. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in curve microchannels is larger than straight. It is more beneficial for fluid flowing when the straight part of microchannel is hydrophilic smooth wall and curve part is hydrophobic with large roughness.展开更多
The main intention of the present study is to reduce wind, wave, and seismic induced vibrations of jacket- type offshore wind turbines (JOWTs) through a newly developed vibration absorber, called tuned liquid column...The main intention of the present study is to reduce wind, wave, and seismic induced vibrations of jacket- type offshore wind turbines (JOWTs) through a newly developed vibration absorber, called tuned liquid column gas damper (TLCGD). Using a Simulink-based model, an analytical model is developed to simulate global behavior of JOWTs under different dynamic excitations. The study is followed by a parametric study to explore efficiency of the TLCGD in terms of nacelle acceleration reduction under wind, wave, and earthquake loads. Study results indicate that optimum frequency of the TLCGD is rather insensitive to excitation type. In addition, while the gain in vibration control from TLCGDs with higher mass ratios is generally more pronounced, heavy TLCGDs are more sensitive to their tuned frequency such that ill-regulated TLCGD with high mass ratio can lead to destructive results. It is revealed that a well regulated TLCGD has noticeable contribution to the dynamic response of the JOWT under any excitation.展开更多
A decrease in temperature will eventually turn a gas into liquid and then into a solid. Each of these phase change shows a higher degree in cohesion of molecules. While it is usually admitted that molecules in solids ...A decrease in temperature will eventually turn a gas into liquid and then into a solid. Each of these phase change shows a higher degree in cohesion of molecules. While it is usually admitted that molecules in solids form additional connections, the cohesion of molecules in liquids is usually explained by changes in kinetics of molecules. Given that the density of a solid is nearly the same than that of a liquid, the present paper assumes a different stand and considers that connections between molecules must be similar in liquids and in solids. The difference between gas, in which molecules are entirely loose, and liquid, is therefore the presence of an additional connection between gaseous molecules. This paper describes how and where these connections are built with the help of a few rules and a “specific periodic table for liquids”. The coherence of this approach is reinforced by its capacity to explain phase change of forty well-known molecules containing inorganic and organic elements.展开更多
The paper introduces gas to liquids (GTL) as a monetising option from a technology, marketing and project perspective. GTL is complementary to LNG and pipelines. At the same time, using natural gas as a source for fue...The paper introduces gas to liquids (GTL) as a monetising option from a technology, marketing and project perspective. GTL is complementary to LNG and pipelines. At the same time, using natural gas as a source for fuels in the form of GTL helps countries around the world to diversify their energy supplies. Furthermore, gas-based products are inherently cleaner than oil products. Shell's proprietary GTL technology or SMDS (Shell Middle Distillates Synthesis), is discussed in some detail. The paper also covers the challenges for successful implementation of GTL projects and why Shell is well positioned to take a lead in the industry on the basis of its long standing and broad experience in GTL research, plant operations, marketing and excellent track record in mega projects in the last thirty years. Shell's commitment to GTL is best demonstrated by the recent signing of a Heads of Agreement with Qatar Petroleum for the construction of the world's largest GTL plant. A key success factor is Shell's experience with marketing quantities of high quality GTL products from its 12,500 barrels per day plant at Bintulu, Malaysia since 1993. Further marketing opportunities will arise when new GTL capacity comes on-stream in the middle east when more quantities will become available to bulk users. Amongst the most interesting market will be automotive transportation, where clean GTL fuels can be positioned as an 'alternative fuel beyond oil' providing energy security to host countries. Shell is actively engaging with a number of regulators, automotive companies and governments worldwide including China, to demonstrate the performance of GTL and its cost effectiveness in reducing local emissions. An added benefit is that GTL can use existing infrastructure and requires no investment. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the coal to liquids (CTL) process as an alternative route to produce high quality GTL products and the key issues relating to the process.展开更多
In order to investigate the influence of the entrance effect on the spatial distribution of phases, the experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in a vertical pipe of 0.03m ID were carried out by using optical pr...In order to investigate the influence of the entrance effect on the spatial distribution of phases, the experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in a vertical pipe of 0.03m ID were carried out by using optical probes and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It demonstrates that the radial profile of slug flow void fraction is parabolic. Influenced by the falling liquid film, the radial profile curve of liquid slug void fraction in the wake region is also parabolic. Since fully turbulent velocity distribution is built up in the developed region,the void fraction profile in this region is the saddle type. At given superficial liquid velocity, the liquid slug void fraction increases with gas velocity. The radial profiles of liquid slug void fraction at different axial locations are all saddle curves, but void fraction is obviously high around the centerline in the entrance region. The nearer the measuring station is from the entrance, the farther the peak location is away from the wall.展开更多
The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this st...The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this study,a hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid(DOTMG-NTf;) was synthesized and coated statically onto capillary columns.Selectivity of the stationary phase was evaluated by separating Grob test mixture,test mixture,alcohols mixture,and fatty acid methyl esters mixture,and thermal stability was investigated as well.The present study demonstrates that GBILs as CGC stationary phases exhibit satisfactory selectivity and thermal stability and have a great potential as new candidates for CGC stationary phases.展开更多
Bubble motions and bubble-wall interactions in stagnant liquid were experimentally investigated by high-speed CCD and PIV technique with the main feature parameters such as E?tv?s numbers Eo = 0.98–1.10, Morton numbe...Bubble motions and bubble-wall interactions in stagnant liquid were experimentally investigated by high-speed CCD and PIV technique with the main feature parameters such as E?tv?s numbers Eo = 0.98–1.10, Morton number Mo = 3.21 × 10^(-9)and Reynolds numbers Re = 180 ~ 190. The effect of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S between the gas injection nozzle and the wall on the statistical trajectory of bubbles, average velocity distribution of flow field and Reynolds shear stress were studied in detail. It was shown that the combination of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S caused different bubble motion forms and hydrodynamic characteristics.When the normalized initial distance was very little, like S*≈ 1.2(here S*= 2S/d_e, and deis the bubble equivalent diameter), bubbles ascended in a zigzag trajectory with alternant structure of high and low speed flow field around the bubbles, and the distribution of positive and negative Reynolds shear stress looked like a blob. With the increase of distance S*, bubbles' trajectory would tend to be smooth and straight from the zigzag curve. Meanwhile, with the increase of bubble injecting frequency, the camber of bubble trajectory at 20<y<60 mm had a slight increase due to the inhibitory effect from the vertical wall. Under larger spacing, such as S*≈ 3.6, the low-frequency bubbles gradually moved away from the vertical plane wall in a straight trajectory and the high-frequency bubbles gradually moved close to the vertical wall in a similar straight trajectory after an unstable camber motion. Under the circumstances, high-speed fluid was mainly distributed in the region between the wall and the bubbles, while the relative large Reynolds shear stress mainly existed in the region far away from the wall.展开更多
This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid ext...This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a negative chemical ionization(GC-NCI-MS).Extraction and clean-up were performed using PLE with 2 g florisil and 3 g silica placed in the extraction cells.Under optimal conditions,14 PBDEs were extracted at 70°C using hexane/dichloromethane(50:50,v/v)as solvent.Validation of SPLE returned excellent recoveries for most analytes,with relative standard deviations mostly below20%.Method detection limits ranged from 0.13 to15.38 ngám L^(-1)for the GC-MS analyses.The method was successfully applied to atmospheric particulate matter of Beijing,where analytes were detected in the range of182.79 to 468.99 pgám^(-3).展开更多
A novel surface aeration configuration featured with a self-rotating and floating baffle (SRFB) and a Rushton disk turbine (DT) with a perforated disk has been developed. The SRFB, consisted of 12 fan blades twisted b...A novel surface aeration configuration featured with a self-rotating and floating baffle (SRFB) and a Rushton disk turbine (DT) with a perforated disk has been developed. The SRFB, consisted of 12 fan blades twisted by an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane, is incorporated onto the impeller shaft to improve gas entrainment, bubble breakup, mixing in a φ154mm agitated vessel. This new configuration is compared to the conventional DT surface aeration experimentally. The results suggest that the critical impeller speed for onset of gas entrainments is lower for the new configuration and it demands greater power consumption. Moreover, the SRFB system produces 30%-68% higher volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit power input than that obtained in the conventional DT surface aerator under the same operation conditions.展开更多
The influencing factors for liquid phase catalytic oxidation of mine gas to methanol(in form of CH3COOCH3) are studied using the self-established experimental apparatus. The results show that CH3COOCH3(target product)...The influencing factors for liquid phase catalytic oxidation of mine gas to methanol(in form of CH3COOCH3) are studied using the self-established experimental apparatus. The results show that CH3COOCH3(target product) is obtained by using CH3COOH as reaction solvent, and the yield of target product increases with the increasing of reaction temperature, gas pressure and reaction time. In the mine gas-Pd(OAc)2-CH3COOH system, the yield of CH3COOCH3 increases with the increasing of addition of Pd(OAc)2 which is redox catalyst for mine gas conversion. The yield of CH3COOCH3 will be greatly improved by composite additional oxidant which is obtained by equimolar mix of p-benzoquinone with NO2.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 19725521) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19705012)+1 种基金 the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai (No.97QA14038)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. G200077400)
文摘Recent progress on nuclear liquid gas phase transition (LGPT) has been reviewed, especially for the signals of LGPT in heavy ion collisions. These signals include the power-law charge distribution, cluster emission rate, nuclear Zipf law, bimodality, the largest fluctuation of the fragments, Δ-scaling, caloric curve, phase coexis- tence diagram, critical temperature, critical exponent analysis, negative specific heat capacity and spinodal instability etc. The systematic works of the authors on experimental and theoretical LGPT are also introduced.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan"Breeding and Transmutation of Nuclear Fuel in Advanced Nuclear Fission Energy System"of the Natural Science Foundation of China(91426302,91326202,51604252)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21377122)
文摘This work presents the electrochemical properties of gadolinium(Gd), a significant rare earth element in spent nuclear fuel(SNF), in the LiCl-KCl eutectic. To explore thermodynamic properties of Gd at the liquid gallium(Ga) electrode, experiments were performed both on the inert tungsten(W) and liquid gallium(Ga) electrode at different temperatures in a range from 723 to 823 K, which show that the Gd metal can be oxidized to Gd(Ⅲ) by exchanging of 3 electrons. Electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry(CV), open circuit potential(OCP), potentiostatic electrolysis and galvanostatic electrolysis were utilized to detect the electrochemical behavior and evaluate standard apparent potential of the Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd couple,and E(Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd)*=-3.456 + 6.2×10-4T(±0.046)( vs Cl2/Cl-) is obtained.In addition, electromotive force(EMF) and coulometric titration were employed to calculate the activity and activity coefficient of Gd in metal Ga. After calculation, the activity is 1.791×10-15at 723 K and function of activity coefficient and temperature is lgγ = 3.485-10927/T(±0.0875).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51579170 and 51179118)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51321065)
文摘Generally, most soil slope failures are induced by rainfall infiltration, a process that involves interactions between the liquid phase, gas phase,and solid skeleton in an unsaturated soil slope. In this study, a loosely coupled liquid-gas-solid three-phase model, linking two numerical codes,TOUGH2/EOS3, which is used for water-air two-phase flow analysis, and FLAC^(3D), which is used for mechanical analysis, was established. The model was validated through a documented water drainage experiment over a sandy column and a comparison of the results with measured data and simulated results from other researchers. The proposed model was used to investigate the features of water-air two-phase flow and stress fields in an unsaturated soil slope during rainfall infiltration. The slope stability analysis was then performed based on the simulated water-air two-phase seepage and stress fields on a given slip surface. The results show that the safety factor for the given slip surface decreases first, then increases, and later decreases until the rainfall stops. Subsequently, a sudden rise occurs. After that, the safety factor decreases continually and reaches its lowest value, and then increases slowly to a steady value. The lowest value does not occur when the rainfall stops, indicating a delayed effect of the safety factor. The variations of the safety factor for the given slip surface are therefore caused by a combination of pore-air pressure, matric suction, normal stress, and net normal stress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11171340)
文摘In this work, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of classical solu-tions to a viscous liquid-gas two-phase model with mass-dependent viscosity and vacuum in one dimension, where the initial vacuum is allowed. We get the upper and lower bounds of gas and liquid masses n and m by the continuity methods which we use to study the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29792074) and SINOPEC.
文摘The gas-liquid flow field in a stirred tank with a Rushton disk turbine,including the impeller region,was numerically simulated using the improved inner-outer iterative procedure.The characteristic features of the strirred tank,such as gas cavity and accumulation of gas at the two sides of wall baffles,can be captured by the simulation.The simulated results agree well with available experimental data.Since the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm demands no empirical formula and experimental data for the impeller region,and the approach seems generally applicable for simulating gas-liquid stirred tanks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50576088, 20706049) and Zhejiang Provincial Key Science Foundation (2006C21064, 2007C21067).
文摘Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this paper based on CLSVOF(coupled level set and volume of fluid method) multiphase model. After verifying the reasonability of the model through experiment, by changing wall properties and Re number(Re<1500), the influences of contact angle and surface roughness on flow regime and Po number were discussed. Moreover, the difference of pressure drop between curve and straight microchannel was also calculated. Beyond that, the combined effect of curve channel and wall properties on flow resistance was analyzed. This paper finds that wall properties have great influence on gas–liquid flow in microchannels not only on flow regime but also flow characteristics. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in curve microchannels is larger than straight. It is more beneficial for fluid flowing when the straight part of microchannel is hydrophilic smooth wall and curve part is hydrophobic with large roughness.
文摘The main intention of the present study is to reduce wind, wave, and seismic induced vibrations of jacket- type offshore wind turbines (JOWTs) through a newly developed vibration absorber, called tuned liquid column gas damper (TLCGD). Using a Simulink-based model, an analytical model is developed to simulate global behavior of JOWTs under different dynamic excitations. The study is followed by a parametric study to explore efficiency of the TLCGD in terms of nacelle acceleration reduction under wind, wave, and earthquake loads. Study results indicate that optimum frequency of the TLCGD is rather insensitive to excitation type. In addition, while the gain in vibration control from TLCGDs with higher mass ratios is generally more pronounced, heavy TLCGDs are more sensitive to their tuned frequency such that ill-regulated TLCGD with high mass ratio can lead to destructive results. It is revealed that a well regulated TLCGD has noticeable contribution to the dynamic response of the JOWT under any excitation.
文摘A decrease in temperature will eventually turn a gas into liquid and then into a solid. Each of these phase change shows a higher degree in cohesion of molecules. While it is usually admitted that molecules in solids form additional connections, the cohesion of molecules in liquids is usually explained by changes in kinetics of molecules. Given that the density of a solid is nearly the same than that of a liquid, the present paper assumes a different stand and considers that connections between molecules must be similar in liquids and in solids. The difference between gas, in which molecules are entirely loose, and liquid, is therefore the presence of an additional connection between gaseous molecules. This paper describes how and where these connections are built with the help of a few rules and a “specific periodic table for liquids”. The coherence of this approach is reinforced by its capacity to explain phase change of forty well-known molecules containing inorganic and organic elements.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20490208, 20676129), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA05Z233, 2007AA030206).
文摘The paper introduces gas to liquids (GTL) as a monetising option from a technology, marketing and project perspective. GTL is complementary to LNG and pipelines. At the same time, using natural gas as a source for fuels in the form of GTL helps countries around the world to diversify their energy supplies. Furthermore, gas-based products are inherently cleaner than oil products. Shell's proprietary GTL technology or SMDS (Shell Middle Distillates Synthesis), is discussed in some detail. The paper also covers the challenges for successful implementation of GTL projects and why Shell is well positioned to take a lead in the industry on the basis of its long standing and broad experience in GTL research, plant operations, marketing and excellent track record in mega projects in the last thirty years. Shell's commitment to GTL is best demonstrated by the recent signing of a Heads of Agreement with Qatar Petroleum for the construction of the world's largest GTL plant. A key success factor is Shell's experience with marketing quantities of high quality GTL products from its 12,500 barrels per day plant at Bintulu, Malaysia since 1993. Further marketing opportunities will arise when new GTL capacity comes on-stream in the middle east when more quantities will become available to bulk users. Amongst the most interesting market will be automotive transportation, where clean GTL fuels can be positioned as an 'alternative fuel beyond oil' providing energy security to host countries. Shell is actively engaging with a number of regulators, automotive companies and governments worldwide including China, to demonstrate the performance of GTL and its cost effectiveness in reducing local emissions. An added benefit is that GTL can use existing infrastructure and requires no investment. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the coal to liquids (CTL) process as an alternative route to produce high quality GTL products and the key issues relating to the process.
文摘In order to investigate the influence of the entrance effect on the spatial distribution of phases, the experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in a vertical pipe of 0.03m ID were carried out by using optical probes and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It demonstrates that the radial profile of slug flow void fraction is parabolic. Influenced by the falling liquid film, the radial profile curve of liquid slug void fraction in the wake region is also parabolic. Since fully turbulent velocity distribution is built up in the developed region,the void fraction profile in this region is the saddle type. At given superficial liquid velocity, the liquid slug void fraction increases with gas velocity. The radial profiles of liquid slug void fraction at different axial locations are all saddle curves, but void fraction is obviously high around the centerline in the entrance region. The nearer the measuring station is from the entrance, the farther the peak location is away from the wall.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20675007)
文摘The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this study,a hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid(DOTMG-NTf;) was synthesized and coated statically onto capillary columns.Selectivity of the stationary phase was evaluated by separating Grob test mixture,test mixture,alcohols mixture,and fatty acid methyl esters mixture,and thermal stability was investigated as well.The present study demonstrates that GBILs as CGC stationary phases exhibit satisfactory selectivity and thermal stability and have a great potential as new candidates for CGC stationary phases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11572357,11602077)
文摘Bubble motions and bubble-wall interactions in stagnant liquid were experimentally investigated by high-speed CCD and PIV technique with the main feature parameters such as E?tv?s numbers Eo = 0.98–1.10, Morton number Mo = 3.21 × 10^(-9)and Reynolds numbers Re = 180 ~ 190. The effect of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S between the gas injection nozzle and the wall on the statistical trajectory of bubbles, average velocity distribution of flow field and Reynolds shear stress were studied in detail. It was shown that the combination of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S caused different bubble motion forms and hydrodynamic characteristics.When the normalized initial distance was very little, like S*≈ 1.2(here S*= 2S/d_e, and deis the bubble equivalent diameter), bubbles ascended in a zigzag trajectory with alternant structure of high and low speed flow field around the bubbles, and the distribution of positive and negative Reynolds shear stress looked like a blob. With the increase of distance S*, bubbles' trajectory would tend to be smooth and straight from the zigzag curve. Meanwhile, with the increase of bubble injecting frequency, the camber of bubble trajectory at 20<y<60 mm had a slight increase due to the inhibitory effect from the vertical wall. Under larger spacing, such as S*≈ 3.6, the low-frequency bubbles gradually moved away from the vertical plane wall in a straight trajectory and the high-frequency bubbles gradually moved close to the vertical wall in a similar straight trajectory after an unstable camber motion. Under the circumstances, high-speed fluid was mainly distributed in the region between the wall and the bubbles, while the relative large Reynolds shear stress mainly existed in the region far away from the wall.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41325010)
文摘This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a negative chemical ionization(GC-NCI-MS).Extraction and clean-up were performed using PLE with 2 g florisil and 3 g silica placed in the extraction cells.Under optimal conditions,14 PBDEs were extracted at 70°C using hexane/dichloromethane(50:50,v/v)as solvent.Validation of SPLE returned excellent recoveries for most analytes,with relative standard deviations mostly below20%.Method detection limits ranged from 0.13 to15.38 ngám L^(-1)for the GC-MS analyses.The method was successfully applied to atmospheric particulate matter of Beijing,where analytes were detected in the range of182.79 to 468.99 pgám^(-3).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29792074) and SINOPEC.
文摘A novel surface aeration configuration featured with a self-rotating and floating baffle (SRFB) and a Rushton disk turbine (DT) with a perforated disk has been developed. The SRFB, consisted of 12 fan blades twisted by an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane, is incorporated onto the impeller shaft to improve gas entrainment, bubble breakup, mixing in a φ154mm agitated vessel. This new configuration is compared to the conventional DT surface aeration experimentally. The results suggest that the critical impeller speed for onset of gas entrainments is lower for the new configuration and it demands greater power consumption. Moreover, the SRFB system produces 30%-68% higher volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit power input than that obtained in the conventional DT surface aerator under the same operation conditions.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51004045)Scientific Research Fund of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.12511481)
文摘The influencing factors for liquid phase catalytic oxidation of mine gas to methanol(in form of CH3COOCH3) are studied using the self-established experimental apparatus. The results show that CH3COOCH3(target product) is obtained by using CH3COOH as reaction solvent, and the yield of target product increases with the increasing of reaction temperature, gas pressure and reaction time. In the mine gas-Pd(OAc)2-CH3COOH system, the yield of CH3COOCH3 increases with the increasing of addition of Pd(OAc)2 which is redox catalyst for mine gas conversion. The yield of CH3COOCH3 will be greatly improved by composite additional oxidant which is obtained by equimolar mix of p-benzoquinone with NO2.