Measurement of Arsenic Species in Infant Rice Cereals by Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Infant rice cereals were analyzed for total arsenic, inorganic arsenic (i-As) and the organic arsenic species monomethylarsonoic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). Total arsenic concentrations in the samples ranged from 110 ng/gup to 420 ng/g. The i-As in the rice cereals accounted for 33% to 77% of the total arsenic. The observed variability between infant rice cereals makes a dietary survey approach to accessing arsenic exposures difficult.

Rapid Screening of 26 Organophosphorus Pesticides in Fresh Milk by Ultra Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]A rapid screening and analysis method for 26 organophosphorus agrochemicals in fresh milk was established using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.[Methods]Raw milk was extracted with acetonitrile solution containing 0.2%formic acid by volume,and purified with a Dikma ProElut QuECHERS solid phase extraction cartridge.Target compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 chromatographic column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)with methanol-water solution as a mobile phase for gradient elution,and through scanning with an electrospray ion source in positive ion mode,26 kinds of organophosphorus agrochemicals could be accurately qualitatively determined within 10 min.[Results]When using formic acid acetonitrile with a volume fraction of 0.2%,there were more types of detected compounds and a greater recovery;and using B cartridge could effectively eliminate the interference of non-polar substances such as phospholipids,achieve higher number of detected compounds than those of A and C,and well separate the 26 kinds of agrochemical residues.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference method for the rapid screening of agrochemical residues in dairy cows in the future.

Stable Isotope Dilution Analysis of Gibberellin Residues in Tomato Paste by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An accurate and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of gibberellic acid（GA3）, gibberellin A4（GA4） and gibberellin A7（GA7） residues in tomato paste was developed by coupling solid phase extraction to high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） with electrospray ionization based stable isotope dilution analysis（SIDA）. The isotope labeled internal standard can compensate for the losses during the extraction and cleanup steps and for discrimination due to ion suppression. After extraction from methanol, hydrophile lipophilic balance（HLB） solid phase extraction（SPE） column was tested for the capacity of the cleanup of the tomato paste in compared with C18 SPE column which is the common way to the detection of GAs, and the former gained better result. Spiked experiments were performed in the non-contaminated tomato pastes and the recoveries of GA3, GA4 and GA7 were 42.6%―75.0% in external standard method（ESM） and 91.1%―103.8% in internal standard method（ISM） respectively. The validities of this method were investigated and good analytical performance for the three GAs was obtained, including low limits of method detection（2 ng/g for GA3 and GA4, 0.3 ng/g for GA7）, excellent linear dynamic ranges（5―500 ng/g for GA3 and GA4, 1―100 ng/g for GA7） and good relative standard deviation ranges（4.8%―9.4% for the intra-day test and 3.5%―11.9% for the inter-day test）.

Lysophosphatidylcholine Biomarkers of Lung Cancer Detected by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Centrifugal ultrafiltration after methanol extraction of whole plasma was used as an optimal condition for the preparation of blood plasma before metabonomic studies. The plasma samples from 102 lung cancer patients and 34 healthy volunteers were prepared with this approach. With ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（Q-TOF MS） analysis, the samples were investigated in order to find potential disease biomarkers. After data acquisition, orthogonal signal correction partial least squares models were built to differentiate the healthy volunteers from lung cancer patients and to identify metabolites that showed significantly different expression between the two groups. Several metabolite ions were identified as potential biomarkers according to the variable importance in the project（VIP） value in both ion modes. Five lysophosphatidylcholines were further identified as specifically lysoPC 16：0, isomer of lysoPC 16：0, lysoPC 18：0, lysoPC 18：1 and lysoPC 18：2. These results suggest that UPLC coupled with Q-TOF MS is an effective technique for the analysis of plasma metabolites in metabonomic studies.

Effect of pediatric tuina on hypothalamic metabolites in young rabbits using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Objective: To investigate the changes in the hypothalamic metabolites of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) febrile young rabbits after the treatment with pediatric tuina.Methods: A total of 30 young rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: the normal group, the model group, and the tuina group. Both the model group and the tuina group were injected intravenously with LPS. “Six antipyretic manipulations”(pushing Tianmen, pushing Kangong, kneading Taiyang,kneading Erhougaogu, clearing Tianheshui, and pushing Jizhu) were administered 1 h after the LPS injection in the tuina group. The rectal temperatures of the young rabbits were monitored during the experiment to explore the antipyretic effect. Three hours after the injection, the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a, and prostaglandin E;(PGE;) in the serum was detected. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was used for the hypothalamus metabolomics.Results: Compared with the model group, the rectal temperature of the tuina group was decreased at 2 h and 3 h after the LPS injection(P =.04, P =.03, respectively), and the content of IL-1β, TNF-a, and PGE2was decreased(P =.03, P =.003, and P =.008, respectively). The metabolomics results showed that there were 23 potential biomarkers after the tuina intervention, enriching 27 pathways. Lipid metabolites,especially glycerophospholipids, were a majority of the altered metabolites. The primary metabolic pathways affected by tuina included the arachidonic acid metabolism, the GABAergic synapse, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and the glutamatergic synapse.Conclusion: Pediatric tuina reduced the temperature of the febrile rabbits and downregulated the expression of IL-1β, TNF-a, and PGE2, and the antipyretic mechanism may be related to changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in the hypothalamus.

A Simple and Fast Separation Method of Fe Employing Extraction Resin for Isotope Ratio Determination by Multicollector ICP-MS

A new, simple and fast separation method for Fe using an extraction chromatographic resin, Aliquat 336 (commercially available as TEVA resin) has been developed. A one milliliter column containing 0.33 mL TEVA resin on 0.67 mL CG-71C was used.Iron was adsorbed with 6mol·L-1 HCl + H2O2 on TEVA resin, and recovered with 2 mol·L-1HNO3. The recovery yield and total blank were 93.5 ± 6.5% and 6 ng, respectively. Theseparation method is simple, and takes < 2 hours. For evaluation of the Fe separation, Fe isotope ratios were measured by a double-spike method employing multicollector inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) with repeatability of 0.06‰ (SD) for the standard solution and ~0.05‰ for the silicate samples. Therefore, the column chemistry developed in this study is a viable option for Fe isotope ratio measurement by MC-ICP-MS.

Separation and identification of moxifloxacin impurities in drug substance by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （HPLC-UV/FrICRMS） method was described for the investigation of impurity profile in moxifloxacin （MOX） drug substance and chemical reference substance. Ten impurities were detected by HPLC-UV, while eight impurities were identified by using the high accurate molecular mass combined with multiple-stage mass spectrometric data and fragmentation rules. In addition, to our knowledge, five impurities were founded for the first time in MOX drug substance.

A rapid and simple ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of glucuronic acid-conjugated steroid metabolites

In the present study, we effectively detected 10 steroids and glucuronic acid-conjugated steroid metabolites in 12 min by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Steroids testosterone （T）, 5ct-dihydrotestosterone （DHT）, androsterone （ADT）, etiocholanolone （ETIO）, estradiol （E2） and their glucuronide conjugates were well-separated on an Eclipse Plus C18 column （2.1 mm×50 ram, RRHD 1.8μm）. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and ultrapure water （containing I mM ammonium formate） at a ratio of 60：40 （v/v）, and the flow rate was set at 0.25 mL/min. The LC eluate was detected by electrospray ionization （ESI） source in both positive and negative ion modes. Neutral loss （NL of 176, 194, 211 and 229 Da in positive mode） and precursor ion （PI ofm/z 141,159 and 177 in positive mode and 75, 85 and 133 in negative mode） methods were applied for the detection of steroid glucuronides. The multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） transitions were m/z 289.3→97.1,291.3→105, 291.3→199.2, 273.2→145.4 and 255.2→159.1 for T, DHT, ADT, ETIO and E2 in positive mode, respectively; as well as m/z 463.3→85 for T glucuronide （T-G）, m/z 465.3→75 for DHT glucuronide （DHT-G）, ADT glucuronide （ADT-G）, ETIO glucuronide （ETIO-G） and m/z 447.3→271 for E2 glucuronide （Ez-G） in negative mode. In addition, the analytical method was also applied for the detection of steroid glucuronides in pooled human liver microsomes （HLM）, which might serve as a basis for further investigation of steroid metabolism in vivo and in vitro.

COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ANALYSIS OF TRIPTERYGIUM GLYCOSIDES TABLETS

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography platform(LC×LC)coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight(QTOF)mass spectrometry(MS)is developed to separate,identify and relatively determine the chemical constituents of two types of tripterygium glycosides tablets(TGT).The types and relative contents of the constituents discovered in two kinds of TGT tablets were subsequently compared.C8andC18 column were used for the separation of the first

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Four Major Bio-Active Components of Naoxintong Capsule in Normal and Acute Blood Stasis Rats Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetic differences of the main components of Naoxintong capsule(NXTC) in normal and acute blood stasis rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were subcutaneously injected with adrenaline hydrochloride twice;during the two subcutaneous injections, the rats were placed in ice water for 4 min to reproduce the model rat of acute blood stasis. The normal and acute blood stasis rats were administrated a 5.04 g/kg dose of NXTC suspension. Then, blood samples were collected from the posterior retinal venous plexus at different time points. Plasma concentrations of four major bio-active components including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, formononetin, and tanshinone IIA in NXTC were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Phoenix Win Nonlin v6.2 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Compared with the normal rats, the acute blood stasis rats showed a significant decrease in C_(max) of ferulic acid and formononetin, AUC_(all) of caffeic acid and ferulic acid, and AUC_(INF_obs) of ferulic acid. Conversely, an increase in the Vz_F_obs and MRT_(last) of ferulic acid and caffeic acid was observed. These findings demonstrate that the absorption of the four NXTC components was weakened in the acute blood stasis rats and that the elimination time was prolonged. Conclusions: The significant difference in some parameters of the four NXTC components between the normal and acute blood stasis rats might be caused by an increase in blood viscosity and the subsequent slowing down of blood flow in the acute blood stasis rats. The pharmacokinetic study conducted in pathological state can provide important information and scientific basis for further rational clinical application of NXTC.

Rapid Differentiation of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix from Different Geographic Origins Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Objective:There are different geographic origins of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radixs(AKRs)sold in the market with different quality.This study aims to establish a rapid analysis method to distinguish the different geographic origins of AKRs and to realize the rapid evaluation of their quality.Methods:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)method was utilized to acquire the constituents'information of AKRs from different geographic origins.MSE data and Progenesis QI software were employed to identify the chemical constitutes.Principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to comparing MS data to find the chemical markers of AKRs from different geographic origins.Results:Twenty-three components were detected and 17 out of them were identified,including diester-diterpenoid alkaloids,monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids,and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.Three pairs of isomers were detected and two of them were distinguished by the retention time of standard samples.Thirteen chemical markers were screened out through PCA and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis.Through detecting Napelline or isomer of Napelline(m/z 360.2530)and Aconifine(m/z 662.3170),AKRs from inner Mongolia autonomous could be screened.According to the existence of benzoylaconine(m/z 604.3108)and Indaconitine(m/z 630.3159),it could be confirmed that the AKRs are from Xinjiang Uygur autonomous.AKRs that cannot detect compounds above-mentioned could be from Liaoning or Shanxi Province.Conclusions:The chemical profile could be used not only to distinguish the AKRs from different geographic origins but also to identify the true and false of AKRs.This study lays a foundation for the study of efficacy and toxic of AKRs.

High-performance isotope-labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for investigating the effect of drinking Goji tea on urine metabolome profiling

Urine is a human biofluid that is widely used for metabolomics research on disease biomarker discovery.Ideally,the metabolome profiles generated from comparative groups of individuals should mainly consist of the endogenous human metabolites that reflect the healthy states of the individuals.However,external factors,such as diet,may alter the urine metabolome profile by either introducing a significant amount or variety of exogenous metabolites to urine or inducing changes of the metabolome profile.Thus,strict control of the external factors during the sample collection process is critical for urine metabolomics aimed at discovery of disease biomarkers.In this work,we describe a study to determine the effect of drinking Goji tea,which is considered a nutritional supplement drink in some regions of the world,on urine metabolome profile.The purpose of this work is not to determine the nutritional values of Goji tea,but to investigate whether drinking a moderate amount of Goji tea 1-3 h(short-term effect)or 12 h(longer-term effect)before urine collection can cause significant variations of urine metabolome profiles.A highly sensitive dansylation isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was used to determine the urine metabolomes before and after drinking Goji tea.From the studies of the short term(<3 h)and longer term(12 h)effects of drinking Goji tea,it is clear that the consumption of a moderate amount of Goji tea does not affect the urine metabolome significantly.Fasting for 12 h should be sufficient to remove any potential interference of Goji metabolites from the human urine metabolome profile.

GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE METABOLITES OF CURCUMIN IN RATS BY ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPOLE TIME OF-FLIGHT TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

Curcumin,a safe natural yellow pigment with a wide range of pharmacological activities,is used both in herbal drugs and as a food coloring agents.Studies have shown that curcumin would suffer from extensive metabolism in vivoand the predominant metabolic pathways are reduction and conjugation.In order to comprehensively study the metabolism and enrich the metabolic profile of cxurcumin in vivo,we carried out this research.A systematic method with highly sensitive UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was established to analyze different biological samples of rats after

Rapid Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Human Plasma by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A sensitive analytical method was developed to determine tetrodotoxin（TTX） in human plasma samples using protein precipitation, followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） analysis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（MS/MS） using 11-deoxytetrodotoxin（11-deoxyTTX） as an internal standard. The plasma samples were prepared using protein precipitation prior to being analyzed by UPLC-MSfMS to identify TTX over a zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column. The retention time values of TTX and 11-deoxyTTX were 4.12 and 3.67 min, respectively. TTX and 11-deoxyTTX were monitored and quantitated on the basis of their ion transitions for their respective precursor ions to their product ions（i.e., m/z 320.0→162. l for TTX and m/z 304.0→176.0 for 11-deoxyTTX） in the multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The lower limit of quantification of this method was determined to be 0.0199 ug/mL. This method showed good linearity for plasma samples that contained TTX concentrations in the range of 0.0199--1.99 ng/mL. The specificity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and stability characteristics of this method were also examined. The intra-assay precision and accuracy ranged from 1.89% to 6.00% and from 92.21% to 100.00%, whereas the inter-assay precision and accuracy ranged from 0.64% to 7.75% and from 99.38% to 101.26%, respectively. This new method therefore represents a rapid, accurate, reliable, and highly sensitive method for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of a trace amount of TTX in human plasma samples.

基于UPLC-TOF-MS分析人参麦冬配伍后皂苷类成分的变化

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-TOF-MS)分析人参麦冬药对配伍后人参皂苷的变化,从化学成分层次阐释其配伍机制。采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离离子源V模式检测,建立基于UPLC-TOF-MS的人参麦冬药对配伍的化学指纹图谱,数据分析采用MassLynx 4.1软件通过主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘判别法分析药对配伍在合煎过程中人参皂苷的成分变化,找出差异变化显著的化学成分。结果表明:人参麦冬药对合煎液与合并液相比,8种皂苷成分发生显著变化,其中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1、丙二酸甲酰基人参皂苷Rb1的含量减少,而人参皂苷Rb3、丙二酸甲酰基人参皂苷Rb2、丙二酸甲酰基人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rf的含量增加,说明麦冬与人参配伍改变了人参皂苷成分的含量,这可能是麦冬配伍人参作用的物质基础。

HPLC-Q-TOF MS鉴定条叶榕根茎乙酸乙酯提取物中的主要化学成分

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF MS)技术对条叶榕根茎乙酸乙酯提取物中的多种活性化学组分进行了分析鉴定。采用正离子与负离子两种扫描方式,依据高分辨质谱提供的准分子离子峰和碎片离子的精确分子质量信息,确证了有关物质及其特征碎片离子的分子组成。再结合标准品对照与相关文献数据支持,最终鉴定出条叶榕根茎乙酸乙酯提取物中的34种化学成分,其中包括12种多酚、8种香豆素、9种黄酮、4种脂肪酸、1种蒽醌。结果表明,采用HPLC-Q-TOF MS技术可提高中药化学成分的分析效率,有利于新化合物的发现与鉴别。

人参皂苷Rd酸水解产物的RRLC-Q-TOFMS研究

利用高分离快速液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(RRLC-Q-TOF MS)联用技术对人参皂苷Rd酸水解产物进行了分析研究。通过化合物的保留时间、精确分子质量信息、串联质谱碎片信息,分析鉴定了7种Rd酸水解产物,分别为C-Y1、C-Y2、F2、20(S)-Rg3、20(R)-Rg3、Rk1和Rg5。串联质谱分析水解产物获得了原人参二醇苷元特征离子m/z459(20(S)-Rg3,20(R)-Rg3,F2),Δ20(21)或Δ20(22)位脱水原人参二醇型苷元特征离子m/z441(Rk1,Rg5),C-24、C-25位水合原人参二醇苷元特征离子m/z 477(C-Y1和C-Y2)。研究表明,人参皂苷Rd在酸性条件下发生化学转化,包括取代糖基的水解反应,Δ20(21)或Δ20(22)位脱水反应和C-24,C-25位水合加成反应。本实验可为研究人参在配位方面的化学物质基础提供方法参考。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF MS的吴茱萸致肝毒性部位及入血成分分析

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)法分析鉴定吴茱萸肝毒性部位的化学成分和给大鼠灌胃毒性部位后的血中原形成分及代谢产物。在优化的色谱和质谱条件下,采用正离子扫描模式对质量范围m/z50~1 200的化合物进行数据采集,分析时间仅为12min。通过UNIFI软件与人工相结合的方式对采集的数据进行分析,根据高分辨质谱提供的母离子与碎片离子的精确质量信息,初步推测了化合物的分子组成;结合标准品和参考文献数据,共鉴定了肝毒性部位中的29个化学成分,其中包括9个吲哚类生物碱、10个喹诺酮类生物碱、5个三萜、3个黄酮、1个其他类生物碱和1个有机酸。进一步比较了体内外样品的基峰离子色谱图,结合质谱数据和化合物裂解规律,共鉴定出21个入血成分,包括15个原形成分和6个代谢产物(1个为未知成分),并推测了代谢产物的代谢途径。该方法可为揭示吴茱萸肝毒性成分提供可靠的数据支持。

RRLC-Q-TOF-MS法研究人参皂苷Rh1对映异构体在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为

建立了高分离快速液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（RRLC-Q-TOF-MS）法同时分离人参皂苷Rh1对映异构体,并研究其在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为.实验采用Agilent SB C18色谱柱,流动相A为水-乙腈（90∶10,V∶V）溶液,流动相B为水-乙腈（10∶90,V∶V）溶液,两种流动相内均含15 mmol/L甲酸铵,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量5μL,二元线性梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾负离子模式下进行质谱检测.结果表明,20-（S）和20-（R）人参皂苷Rh1的定量线性范围分别为0.24～39.00 mg/L和0.035～7.80 mg/L,定量限分别为0.20和0.03 mg/L,方法的检测限（S/N=3）分别为0.10和0.02 mg/L.精确度与精密度结果显示：两者的日内精确度分别为89.54％～95.79％和88.76％～94.33％,相对偏差小于5％;日间精确度分别为88.16％～92.41％和88.49％～94.35％,相对偏差小于5％.低、中、高3个浓度的提取回收率均大于90％.该方法可用于分离测定20-（S）和20-（R）人参皂苷Rh1,从而进行人参皂苷Rh1对映异构体在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究.

SPE-UPLC-Q-TOF/MS测定水环境中的雌激素

研究建立了固相萃取、超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q—TOF／MS）测定水环境中6种雌激素（雌三醇、雌二醇、炔雌醇、雌酮、己烯雌酚、双酚A）的分析方法。水样经甲醇活化后的C18固相萃取小柱富集浓缩，用10mL10％的甲醇溶液淋洗，10mL纯甲醇洗脱，洗脱液经高纯氮气吹至0．4mL后用UPLC-Q-TOF／MS测定。6种常见的雌激素质量浓度在0．5—100μg／L范围内时，具有良好的线性（R〉0．9937），检出限介于5．60—10．6ng／L之间。空白加标水样为1μg／L的水平下，相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．8％-9．0％，其加标回收率为75％-101％。该方法可用于水体中雌激素的分析测定。